基于EGM96模型的GPS水准拟合方法

用GPS测量的方法来获得一点的正高或正常高，需要知识一点的大地水准面差距或高程异常。采用的大地水准面差距或高程异常的精度，决定了GPS水准的精度。本文利用EGM96模型计算高程异常。在利用巳知水准点上的高程异常拟合区域大地水准面模型时，首先移去用EGM96模型计算得到的部分，然后对剩余的高程异常进行拟合和内插，在内插点上再利用EGM96模型把移去的部分恢复，得到该点的高程异常。通过对某线路GPS水准的计算表明，引入EGM96模型拟合高程的精度改进不大。但对于大范围测量，这种方法有望能改进GPS水准的拟合精度。     

Enviromental genotoxicity evaluation: Bayesian approach for a mixture statistical model

 The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000).     

Nonlinear surface ground analysis via statistical approach

A statistical approach is proposed for nonlinear surface ground analysis. In contrast to the conventional method which deals with only a single ground motion for equivalent linearization of soil properties, a design response spectrum defined at the upper level (bottom of the surface ground) of an engineering bedrock can be handled as the target design earthquake in the present paper. The effective shear strain in each soil layer is evaluated by means of a statistical procedure in which the mean peak shear strain is computed in terms of its standard deviation and the corresponding peak factor. The stiffness and damping ratio of each soil layer are obtained iteratively from the nonlinear relation of stiffness reduction factors and damping ratios with respect to the strain level. After the evaluation of the equivalent stiffness and damping ratio of every soil layer, the ground surface response spectrum is transformed from the design response spectrum defined at the upper level of the engineering bedrock via the one-dimensional wave propagation theory. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed analysis method is examined through the comparison with the results by the conventional method (represented by the program) for many simulated spectrum-compatible ground motions.     

卫星测高沿轨海面高的精细结构及其应用技术初探

首先介绍了频域和多尺度域中的两种沿轨测高海面高精细结构，进而提出了利用沿轨测高海面高精细结构计算平均海面高与海平面距平的新方法，最后进一步讨论了沿轨平均海面高和海平面距平的频谱和多尺度分解，以及它们随时间的变化特性。     

Determination of Area-Averaged Sensible Heat Fluxes with a Large Aperture Scintillometer over a Heterogeneous Surface – Flevoland Field Experiment

To test the applicability of the scintillation method over a heterogeneous area an experiment was carried out in the summer of 1998 in Flevoland (The Netherlands). In the patchy area only four crops were grown namely sugar beet, potatoes, wheat and onions. From eddy covariance measurements it was found that the heterogeneity was mainly caused by differences in thermal properties. No variations in the aerodynamics roughness length were observed. Two large aperture scintillometers were installed at a height of 11.6 and 20.4 m. A good resemblance was found between the sensible heat fluxes derived from both LAS instruments and the area-averaged fluxes obtained from the in-situ eddy covariance measurements. The slight underestimation of the lower LAS could be assessed using a blending height model and an analytical footprint model. The results also indicated that when scintillometer measurements are made below the blending height the violation to Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory is small and that reasonable fluxes can be obtained from path-averaged structure parameters.     

Prediction Of Air-Pollution Episodes

Mathematical models that can properly predict dispersion and transport ofatmospheric pollutants are an essential element in the development of warningand control strategies. Proper forecasts of atmospheric boundary-layer heightand its vertical mean wind speed provide a basis for predictions of air-pollutionconcentrations under meteorological conditions that vary horizontally, vertically,and temporally.A prognostic model is developed to predict the ventilation factor using forecast valuesof meteorological elements normally provided from meteorological agencies, in addition to specifications of terrain. Therefore, the ventilation factor and concentrations of pollutants could be predicted. Subsequent to the dependence of the present method on easily obtainable data, it avoids the non-generality and uncertainty followed from the application of some empirical relations. Even more, the method seems to provide high accuracy in validity tests.     

Impact of a Saturation-Dependent Dissipation Source Function on Operational Hindcasts of Wind-Waves in the Australian Region

The impact of a modified parametric form of the dissipation source function S ds on the skill of an operational spectral wind-wave model is investigated. Numerical experiments are made with a version of the WAM model presently used operationally by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to produce sea-state forecasts within the Australian region. Performances of wave hindcasts obtained using several alternative forms of this newly proposed dissipation source function are compared to those produced with forms of S ds commonly used operationally. A new ad hoc technique to compare modelled and observed wave spectra is introduced to assess the quality of calculated one-dimensional frequency spectra.

Our results indicate that wave model performance in terms of integral spectral parameters, such as the significant wave height H s , may benefit from improved parameterisations of the dissipation source term S ds . On the other hand, we also found that model performance was relatively poor in terms of predictions of the one-dimensional frequency spectrum, regardless of the chosen form of S ds . These results suggest that further refinements of the dissipation source term are strongly dependent on improved parametrisations of the nonlinear interactions source term S nl .     

New evidence for a relation between wind stress and wave age from measurements during ASGAMAGE

Data from the 1996 ASGAMAGE experiment, performed in the southern North Sea at research platform Meetpost Noordwijk (MPN), are analysed for the parameters affecting the momentum flux. The stress turns out to be quadratically related to the 10-m wind speed and linearly to the wind speed at a wavelength related level. The Charnock parameter (dimensionless roughness length) shows a pronounced correlation with wave age. This implies, due to a coupling between wave age and the steepness of the waves, a connection between the stress and the steepness. We find that our North Sea results are consistent withopen ocean observations. For a given wind speed the mean stress at MPN turns out to be higher because the wave age there is in general lower. We define and give an expression for a drag coefficient at a wavelength related level that can be calculated straightforwardly from the wave age and then reduced to a standard level.     

深层地震勘探的地震波传传播理论研究前景

深层地震勘探为地震波传播理论研究提出了新的挑战和机遇。深层地震勘探的主要难点是上覆层的影响甚大，使后续的处理有隔靴挠痒之感，必须应用波场延拓消除上覆层影响。深层波速的高速性和横向不均匀性决定了大角散射和弹性波处理方法的重要性。本文具体评述了深层地震勘探的主要方法对策，深入探讨了波场延拓的李群方法和弹性反演的某些问题，目的在于为深化深层地震提供新的研究手段和方法。     

复杂观测系统下的三维波动方程叠前深度偏移

波动方程三维叠前深度偏移是近年应复杂地质构造与地震岩性成像需求而发展的一项关键技术。此项技术与集群式并行机的结合，更是将其价格性能比较低至工业生产规模应用水平，然而，波动方程三维叠前深度偏移的实用化还需要诸如地震资料网络化、并行计算负载平衡等一系列配套技术。本文针对油田实际资料，试验了其应用波动方程三维叠前深度偏移的规则化技术，并结合地震炮集数据的特点，在自组装的集群式并行机上，解决了其节点间的负载平衡问题。本项工作有助于推近复杂观测系统下的地震数据实现三维波动方程叠前深度偏移。