耕地非农化研究综述

耕地非农化逐渐成为我国经济发达地区耕地减少的首要原因。在回顾近期国内外耕地非农化相关研究的基础上,综述耕地数量变化、驱动力、非农化产生原因以及动力机制等方面的主要内容和研究进展。对今后的研究方向提出展望和建议,指出从不同角度和时空尺度研究耕地非农化与可持续发展关系,进行耕地非农化的影响评价及预测,是今后耕地非农化研究的主要方向。     

施力方式对半地堑反转构造变形特征影响的物理模拟实验研究

根据断层的上下盘施力方式的不同设计了两组实验,以探讨在刚性边界条件下的半地堑反转构造的变形特点。实验结果表明(1)在自由边界基底驱动下形成的盆地反转规模较大,刚性边界处会沿原断层发生反转,而在自由端断层不会反转,但会形成深部低角度逆冲滑脱断层;(2)在刚性下盘侧向驱动下很小的挤压量就会形成盆地的反转,但是反转的范围较小,随着原设边界断层的角度由小到大,盆地内的断层会发生由刚性边界处单侧发生反转到两侧边界断层发生近对称式反转的变化;(3)实验结果证实了辽河坳陷西部凹陷反转构造是在刚性下盘为主动盘挤压变形下形成的。     

Nonuniform earthquake input for arch dam–foundation interaction

Wave scattering and dam–foundation interaction are important aspects of a realistic earthquake analysis of arch dams. In the first part of this paper it is shown how the motion obtained from a two-dimensional scattering analysis can be used as an input for a three-dimensional dam–foundation analysis. In the second part, a method for calculating the scattered motion is explained. The scattered motion is obtained via the two-dimensional dynamic stiffness matrix. The dynamic stiffness matrix for an out-of-plane motion is calculated by the Complementary-Domain Method (CDM). Some examples are presented to verify the method and to show the influence of the scattering of the seismic ground motion.     

山体崩滑破坏的视滑力问题──以链子崖危岩体为例

本文提出了山体崩滑破坏的视滑力概念,给出其分析方法,并结合长江三峡链子崖危岩体进行了应用研究。它对于认识斜坡变形破坏的机理,改进稳定性评价,提高防治工程方案的针对性与工程布置的准确性有重要意义。     

深基坑支护结构分析的共同变形法

在分析基坑工程通用弹性地基梁法优缺点的基础上,建立了考虑结构变形与土体相互作用的共同变形法计算模型及分析程序。通过分析及计算比较认为,运用共同变形法计算时,可采用与通用弹性地基梁法相同的地基反力系数,文中讨论了土体水平地基反力系数的取值方法对计算结果的影响。研究表明,共同变形法在实践中是可行的并较通用弹性地基梁法更合理。     

Experimental evidence of the transition between power law models in the high frequency range of the gravity wave spectrum

The existence of a transition in the slope of the wind-generated gravity wave spectrum from a f⁻⁴ to a f⁻⁵ power law, at a given frequency in the high frequency range, is examined. Evidence of its existence and of the non-uniqueness of the wave spectrum slope in the equilibrium range is presented. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the statistical variability of the spectral estimates makes it difficult to obtain reliable results from limited sets of finite length wave records.     

深水圆筒型钻井平台张紧式系泊系统设计

基于我国南海海域环境条件,对一座深水圆筒型钻井平台设计一套张紧式系泊定位系统,利用SESAM软件对平台运动响应和缆索张力进行分析计算,得到主要运动响应为纵荡、纵摇和垂荡。分别考虑0°和180°的环境载荷方向,对比得到0°方向的缆索张力更大,且6号和7号缆承受了主要的环境力。分析了平台运动的影响因素,认为缆索夹角设定为35°时较优,适度增大系泊缆初始长度和减小两端锚链长度可较为有效地降低系泊缆受力,系泊缆总根数保持12时（4根×3组）为最优方案。根据分析结果对初始系泊方案进行了优化,在风暴工况下系泊缆最大受力减小了约14.8%。钻井作业工况和一根系泊缆破断工况下,系泊缆受力和平台位移均能满足规范要求。     

浮式两级缓冲防撞系统及浮体结构构型研究

以浮式两级缓冲防撞系统为研究对象,介绍其工作原理,利用动力学分析软件LS-DYNA构建了碰撞模型并进行了仿真计算,依据仿真结果完成了以阻尼索组与浮体结构构型为主要内容的防撞系统设计。研究确定了阻尼索组的布置位置、材料及数量,为浮体内部结构构型设计了7种比选方案,分别对5 000 t船舶撞击浮体前梁和侧梁的动态过程进行了仿真分析,对比了不同方案及不同板梁厚度下的接触力。研究结果表明:浮体内部构造若选用板梁厚度12 mm的方案6设计,则碰撞发生时浮体前梁和侧梁分别可以稳定地提供10.4 MN和7.9 MN的均值力,以及11.5 MN和8.9 MN的峰值力,设计浮体能够满足整体刚度要求,防撞系统符合双保护原则。防撞系统及浮体结构构型设计为下一步全面开展船舶撞击防撞系统后的动力学响应分析奠定了基础。     

铝管约束轻型防屈曲支撑的实验研究

针对传统的混凝土灌浆型和全钢型防屈曲支撑质量较大,无法适用于大跨空间结构等轻型建筑的问题,本文提出一种铝管约束轻型防屈曲支撑的设计方法。在核心钢管和约束管间设置不同宽度的间隙并对部分核心钢管进行开孔,通过拉压往复试验,研究了间隙和开孔对试件性能的影响,得到构件的相关恢复力特征,并分析了试件相关参数对耗能特性的影响。结果表明,本文设计的轻型防屈曲约束支撑,滞回曲线饱满,耗能效果良好;核心钢管宜开孔且支撑间隙应设置在1 mm左右,以减轻试件端部压力并简化施工工艺。     

Comparative Study on Two Methods for Measuring Wave Velocity Change of Crustal Medium Based on Large Volume Airgun Excitation Data

This paper proposes the application of dynamic programming method to calculate the relative change of wave velocities and compares its similarities and differences with the cross-correlation delay estimation method based on interference. The results show that:①the trend of wave velocities obtained by cross-correlation method and dynamic programming method are consistent. Besides,it is considered that the calculated result using cross-correlation delay method is reliable.② Compared with the cross-correlation delay method,the calculated result of the dynamic programming method has a magnifying effect and is more sensitive to small disturbances.③ Under ideal conditions,the wave velocity change trend calculated by P-wave and S-wave phase should be consistent. In addition,the cross-correlation delay method is used to calculate the wave velocity change.Under appropriate conditions,the process of recovering from the suspected wave velocity before the M_L1. 1 earthquake near the airgun source can be observed.