边界元法在地电预报地震中的研究与应用

在以往地电预报地震研究及电法勘探研究中，二维、三维点电源层状横向非均匀介质条件下的数值模拟方法存在着不少困难问题。利用边界单元法可使得该类二、三维问题中难处理的问题变得较为简单易行。本文综合分析叙述了边界元法在这类地电断面结构下的理论研究及其在地电预报地震中的应用情况。探讨了地电学在地震预报研究中的理论及实际应用前景。     

Arbitrary Difference Precise Integration Method for Solving the Seismic Wave Equation

Wave equation migration is often applied to solve seismic imaging problems. Usually, the finite difference method is used to obtain the numerical solution of the wave equation. In this paper, the arbitrary difference precise integration (ADPI) method is discussed and applied in seismic migration. The ADPI method has its own distinctive idea. When dispersing coordinates in the space domain, it employs a relatively unrestrained form instead of the one used by the conventional finite difference method. Moreover, in the time domain it adopts the sub-domain precise integration method. As a result, it not only takes the merits of high precision and narrow bandwidth, but also can process various boundary conditions and describe the feature of an inhomogeneous medium better. Numerical results show the benefit of the presented algorithm using the ADPI method.     

DISCONTINUOUS FLOW OF TURBID DENSITY CURRENTS II.INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMP

1 INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMPS AND LOCAL WATER ENTRAINMENT Traveling and stationary internal hydraulic jumps in two-layer flow can occur in the following situations (Fig. 1). When a stratified fluid flows over an obstacle created by a sudden blockage, the layer of increased depth within the heavier fluid will propagate upstream as a traveling hydraulic jump. When the heavier fluid overtops the obstacle it will flow along the downstream face of the obstacle as a supercritical flow…     

瑞雷面波法在呼集高速公路路基病害调查中的应用

文章通过瑞雷面波法在呼集高速公路路基病害调查中的工作实例及现场工作方法,论述了该技术在高速公路路基病害调查中的应用前景及推广价值.     

Behaviour and dynamics of a hydrothermal plume in Lake Banyoles, Catalonia, NE Spain

A hydrothermal plume forms in Lake Banyoles, NE Spain, as a result of convection above a springwater-fed suspension cloud ponded on the lake floor. The plume propagates upwards reaching a level of neutral buoyancy from where a turbidity current spreads out laterally. Two-dimensional temperature and particle concentration measurements show the fate of the hydrothermal plume and its associated turbidity current and reveal its seasonal development. Silt particles transported by the plume have been used as tracers to determine the maximum and equilibrium heights of the plume. When the lake is stratified, the vertical transport of sediment is confined to the lake hypolimnion, as the thermocline limits the vertical propagation of the plume. In contrast, when the lake water column is mixed, the plume reaches the surface of the lake. The field measurements have been compared with models for thermal convection from finite isolated sources. Measurements of the flow velocity at the source of the hydrothermal plume (i.e. the rim current velocity) indicate that cold hypolimnetic water is entrained by the plume. Sedimentation rates measured from sediment traps at the zone where the turbidity current develops vary between 10 and 25 g m⁻² day⁻¹, and result from continuous silt particle sedimentation from the turbidity current. Sedimentation rates in traps are higher for stations situated close to the source than those further away (<5 g m⁻² day⁻¹). Moreover, the results demonstrate that double diffusive sedimentation from the turbidity current was dominant over grain-by-grain settling, causing a mixed distribution of sediments in the region where the turbidity current spreads. The deposition of silt particles could explain the occurrence of silt layers interbedded with biocalcarenites in the littoral zones of the lake and the stratigraphy identified by seismic profiles and cores taken from the lake floor.     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区早寒武世磷质岩的形成条件

根据地层层序与岩石学特征,对新疆库鲁克塔格地区下寒武统西山布拉克组磷质岩的形成环境,物质来源和形成机理进行了分析。认为本区磷质岩形成于从浪基面附近至氧化界面附近一个较宽泛的环境带中,具有热液和生物两个方面的物质来源。来自火山和生物的含磷物质由上升洋流带至沉积地点经化学沉淀形成磷质岩。而后又经历了水流与波浪的作用,以及重力产生的滑塌事件的改造。西山布拉克组沉积时期经历了三次海平面的升降变化,磷质岩是早期海平面变化的产物。沉积过程发生在高级别的海侵背景之下。     

Measurements of Reynolds stress in a wind-driven lagoonal estuary

Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) have been used to measure Reynolds stresses in tidally dominated environments where wave action was minimal. In this paper, we examine observations from a microtidal estuary where the effects of wind stress and surface waves dominate the velocity variance. Reynolds stress measurements in this setting require a technique for addressing surface gravity wave contamination. We present here a method of reducing the effect of wave motion on Reynolds stresses by subtracting coincident observations along the axis of the ADCP beam. Linear wave theory is used to account for the attenuation of wave orbital velocities with depth. Using this method, Reynolds stress values are brought in line with those predicted by drag laws at the surface and bottom. The apparent Reynolds stress that is removed by the along-axis subtraction is shown to be largely due to the interaction of a slight tilt (1°) in the ADCP and the wave orbital velocity. During periods of stronger wind and waves, there is evidence of enhanced near-surface turbulence and momentum flux, presumably due to breaking waves. During these events, our calculated Reynolds stress magnitudes still appear reasonable, although the directions are suspect. We develop a diagnostic technique that clearly demarcates this region when it occurs. Coincident density profile measurements are used with the ADCP data to compute gradient Richardson numbers throughout the water column. Enhanced Reynolds stresses appear to correspond to Richardson numbers less than one. Responsible editor: Alejandro Souza     

Dam breach simulations with multiple breach locations under wind and wave actions

Multiple breaches of a dam resulting from wind-generated waves and wave overtopping are studied for a hypothetical long non-cohesive earthen dam with an uneven crest. Both wind speed and direction affect breach locations and outflow for a particular reservoir surface geometry. Locations on the dam with longer fetches along the wind direction are more subject to wave overtopping and breaching than other locations. Higher wind speeds lead to wave overtopping and dam breaches under larger freeboards than lower wind speeds. For a specified inflow hydrograph and spillway configuration, there exists a location at which the smallest estimated peak outflow occurs among all possible breach locations and the pool drops too quickly for additional breaches to develop. Using this location for a fuse plug or a pilot channel could minimize downstream impact, perhaps as an interim or emergency measure for a dam with inadequate spillway capacity.     

Analysis of the heliospheric current sheet fine structure: Single or multiple current sheets

When studying the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) local structure, it is not unusual to find wide HCS crossings. In this paper, we present one crossing that appears to have a complex internal structure composed of three parallel sheets and several possible HCS crossings that are consecutive and are on the order of minutes. Depending on their origin, different scenarios can explain multiple current sheets such as complex structures of helmet streamer at the Corona flowing into the solar wind, local waviness in the HCS structure, local oscillations of the HCS, and inverted magnetic fields or planar magnetic structures (PMS) close to the HCS. Distinguishing among these scenarios using just one observational point is very difficult because all of them are 3D structures. Nevertheless, we think that nearly parallel sheets are more likely in the first and in the last scenarios, i.e. multiple helmet streamer structure and PMS. In order to make the distinction between them, we have studied the possible reversal in the Q_e·B sign for every event. Our results suggest that the existence of not-wide HCS composed of multiple parallel sheets cannot be rejected.     

EMD新技术在数字波形预处理中的初步应用

介绍了EMD技术,给出由该技术产生的固有模态函数重构数字地震波形信号处理中所用滤波器算法。然后利用该方法对实际波形信号进行了初步处理,处理结果表明,基于EMD的滤波技术具有许多其它分析手段所不具备的特点,是一种新的滤波方法,可用于数字地震波形信号的预处理。