热响应测试实例及问题分析

地埋管地源热泵系统开发利用前景广阔,本文尝试采用基于圆柱热源理论的柱模型,在天津市静海县团泊新城,为某竖直地埋管建设项目设计了2组取热和2组排热工况热响应测试试验,为地源热泵系统优化设计与节能运行,提供了必要的数据依据。同时我们还总结了热响应测试过程中应该注意的问题,为以后工作提供了建议。     

钻孔灌注桩设备及机具选择与设计

在收集大量资料基础上，根据多年实际经验结合国内现有设备，提出了不同情况下合理选择设备的原则，对灌浆导管、灌浆装置和钻头设计，提出了新的看法和改进措施。     

肥城市城市规划区浅层地温能开发利用适宜性评价

在充分收集基础地质、水文地质、地热地质等资料基础上,结合钻探施工、现场热响应试验测试、井温测量、实验室测试等手段,对奥陶纪碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水水位埋深、水温展布进行了测量,确定水位埋深在65～75m,埋深最大者位于白云山公园南、沙窝社区西南一带,埋深达约100m。平面地温最高温分布于研究区西部,西大封—朱庄—金槐—冉庄村一带,温度达到18℃以上。对肥城市城市规划区浅层地温能开发利用进行了适宜性评价,地下水地源热泵适宜中等区位于大面积地区,适宜差区位于泰肥铁路以北、白云山公园、龙山公园、母猪山一带。地埋管地源热泵适宜中等区位于大面积地区,适宜差区位于白云山公园、龙山公园一带的生态保护区。肥城市城市规划区浅层地温能资源丰富、开采条件便利,潜力巨大,具有良好的发展浅层地温能的基础条件。     

江苏高邮地埋管热响应试验及浅层地热能资源评价

为研究江苏高邮浅层地热能资源储量,选取2个典型区块开展现场热响应试验,以线热源理论为建模基础,结合地埋管进出水温度试验数据,建立了典型区块内地埋管热传导模型,采用体积法对研究区浅层地热能资源作出定量评价。数据分析表明：在G001孔处,初始地层温度为17.69 ℃,导热系数为1.389 W/(m·K),钻孔内传热热阻为0.111 K/W,热扩散系数为0.921×10-6 m2/s,热容量为1.508×106J/K,单位延米换热量为104.98 W/m;在G002孔处,初始地层温度为18.58 ℃,导热系数为2.340 W/(m·K),钻孔内传热热阻为0.110 K/W,热扩散系数为0.229×10-6m2/s,热容量为10.200×106J/K,单位延米换热量为163.34 W/m。综上试验参数计算结果可知,区内每年可开发浅层地热能储量至少为6.47×1013kJ。试验设计合理,所得参数真实可靠,可为高邮浅层地埋管地源热泵工程后续设计工作提供基础数据与技术支撑。     

海洋酸化对浮游植物生理生态影响的研究进展

当前全球气候变化下的上层海洋变暖与酸化对以浮游植物为主的海洋生态系产生了重大影响,理解此背景下的海洋浮游植物生理生态响应,对我们理解和抑制全球气候变化具有重要意义。在全球大气二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）升高情景下,浮游植物通过光合作用、微生物循环等过程,通过不同功能群对海洋生源要素循环模式的改变,进而影响区域及全球海洋的生物地球化学循环。研究全球浮游植物对海洋酸化生理生态的响应使得我们对生物地球化学系统的认识更加全面、系统。     

烟台市城区浅层地热能评价

浅层地热能是一种可再生的新型环保能源,近年来浅层地热能开发利用受到烟台当地政府的高度重视。该文在系统搜集烟台市城区基础地质、水文地质、地热地质等资料的基础上,通过采用抽水试验、回灌试验、现场热响应试验等工作手段,基本查明了浅层地热能开发利用涉及的地下水富水性特征、地下水回灌系数、岩土体热物性参数及岩土体结构等系列基础条件。采用层次分析法与模糊数学法对烟台市城区地下水源热泵与地埋管地源热泵两种浅层地热能开发利用方适宜性进行了评价,其中地下水地源热泵适宜区分布于牟平城北部,面积约53.66km~2;较适宜区分布于黄垒河、柳林河、夹河、辛安河等河流下游地区,面积约91.99km~2;地埋管地源热泵适宜区分布于调查区大部分地区,面积约739.09km~2;较适宜区分布于区内冲洪积平原和丘陵地区,面积约261.58km~2;不适宜区分布于福山邢家山、王家庄一带,面积合计2.29km~2。经概算烟台市城区100 m以浅,浅层地热容量为165.41×10~(12)kJ/℃,其中适宜区浅层地热容量为120.76×10~(12)kJ/℃,较适宜区浅层地热容量为44.26×10~(12) kJ/℃。城区地下水地源热泵系统适宜区与较适宜区冬季换热功率为24.40×10~5 kW,夏季换热功率为48.80×10~5 kW;地埋管地源热泵系统适宜区与较适宜区夏季换热功率为1.04×10~8 kW,冬季换热功率为0.79×10~8 kW。该成果为促进烟台市节能减排,新旧动能转换提供了翔实可靠地基础数据。     

One-Dimensional Hydraulic Analysis of the Effect of Sea Level Rise on Salinity Intrusion in the Sebou Estuary,Morocco

Global climate change has resulted in a gradual sea-level rise. Sea-level rise can cause saline water to migrate upstream in estuaries and rivers, thereby threatening freshwater habitat and drinking water supplies. On the other hand, sea-level rise, resulting from thermal expansion of ocean waters and increased melting of glaciers and ice caps, is one of the most apparent and widespread consequences of climate change. This phenomenon has been taken into account in all the Assessment Reports published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this paper, salinity intrusion and intrusion length due to possible sea-level rise in the Sebou estuary (Morocco) was investigated. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic-salinity transport model was used for the simulation of the salinity intrusion and associated water quality, with observed field data being used for model calibration and validation. Additionally, the model validation process showed that the model results fit the observed data fairly well. A coupled gas-cycle/climate model was used to generate the climate change scenarios in the studied area that showed sea-level rises varying from 0.3 to 0.9 m for 2100. The models were then combined to assess the impact of future sea-level rise on the salinity distribution and intrusion length in the Sebou estuary. The response of salt intrusion length to changes in important dimensional parameters are presented, showing that the salinity intrusion length is inversely correlated with the river discharge, i.e., a high river discharge results in a reduced salt intrusion and vice versa, and directly with the sea-level rise. Additionally, the magnitude and frequency of the salinity standard violations at the two pump stations were predicted for 2100, showing that the salinity violations under climate change effects can increase to ～45–48% of the times at these locations. Finally, the main objective of this simulation method is to accelerate and facilitate of systems' behavior learning in the current and future situation.     

北太平洋亚热带环流区与西太平洋暖池区浮游动物群落垂直分布的差异及其对碳通量的意义

The mesozooplankton in both epipelagic and mesopelagic zones is essentially important for the study of ecosystem and biological carbon pump. Previous studies showed that the diel vertical migration(DVM) pattern of mesozooplankton varied among ecosystems. However, that pattern was largely unknown in the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP). The vertical distribution, DVM and community structure of mesozooplankton from the surface to 1 000 m were compared at Stas JL7K(WPWP) and MA(North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, NPSG). Two sites showed similarly low biomass in both epipelagic and mesopelagic zones, which were in accordance with oligotrophic conditions of these two ecosystems. Stronger DVM(night/day ratio) was found at JL7K(1.31) than that at MA(1.09) on surface 0–100 m, and an obvious night increase of mesopelagic biomass was observed at JL7K, which was probably due to migrators from bathypelagic zone. Active carbon flux by DVM of zooplankton was estimated to be 0.23 mmol/(m2·d) at JL7K and 0.16 mmol/(m~2·d) at MA. The community structure analysis showed that calanoid copepods, cnidarians and appendicularians were the main contributors to DVM of mesozooplankton at both sites. We also compared the present result with previous studies of the two ecosystems,and suggested that the DVM of mesozooplankton was more homogeneous within the WPWP and more variable within the NPSG, though both ecosystems showed typically extremely oligotrophic conditions. The different diel vertical migration strength of mesozooplankton between NPSG and WPWP implied different efficiency of carbon pump in these two ecosystems.     

节水钻探新技术及球体冲击器研究

传统的钻进工艺要消耗大量的地表水,在干旱缺水地区钻探经常会遇到缺水问题.介绍了一种节水钻探新技术,论述了其工作原理,室内外试验表明该技术能够达到既大量节水又提高钻进效率的目的.在此基础上介绍了一种用于软-中硬岩层中回转冲击钻进的新型球体冲击器的结构、工作原理以及大幅度提高机械钻速并降低成本的试验效果.     

海洋中碳及营养物自然分布的数值模拟

用海洋生物化学环流模式（Ｂ－ ＧＣＭ） 模拟了工业化前碳及营养物在海洋中的分布, 并得到了较为合理的结果。模式考虑了海洋表面化学和一个简单的生物过程。模式的主要预报变量有总ＣＯ２ 、碱度和磷酸盐。决定生物化学物质分布的三个参数的取值为： ＰＯＣ 通量的垂直廓线的指数ａ 取观测值０－８５８ 、生物生产效率ｒ ＝ ２／ 年和下落比Ｒ＝ ０－０６ 。用Ｂ－ＧＣＭ 模拟出的结果与ＧＥＯＳＥＣＳ观测值基本相符。