煤层气井有杆排采系统悬点动载荷计算

有杆泵排采设备悬点动载荷是正确设计和选择抽油机和抽油杆以及确定电动机功率的重要影响因素。在分析杆柱和液柱受力状态的基础上,建立了惯性载荷的数学模型,基于弹性体振动理论,建立了振动载荷的计算模型,并给出悬点动载荷的计算方法和变化规律。结果表明,煤层气井悬点载荷的计算需同时考虑惯性载荷和振动载荷,且开采初期,动载荷所占比重较大;随着开采的进行,动载荷所占比重迅速减小,稳定生产时,影响已较小;杆管总变形量明显小于油田,且动变形量相对较小。该算法首次较为精确地计算出煤层气井有杆排采系统的悬点载荷并给出示功图,为有杆排采的设计计算提供了依据。     

砂石泵轴端密封的研究与设计

介绍了１５０ＳＢＤ－１２型离心式砂石泵轴端密封的结构原理和相应的技术措施,双浮动密封装置成功地取代了传统的填料密封,并取得了良好的使用效果。     

治理地下水有机污染抽出处理技术影响因素分析

抽出处理技术是治理地下水有机污染简便易行的方法,文中的简要介绍抽出处理方法去除污染机制之后,着重分析了讨论了导致该方法去除地下水有机污染耗时及运行费用高昂的原因,在此基础上,对地下水有机污染抽出处理技术作出全面详尽的评述。     

腾格里沙漠地区湖相沉积物中固相可溶性钾含量变化特征及成因分析

腾格里沙漠地区湖相沉积物中固相可溶性钾含量变化有渐升式和波动式两种类型,分别为"蒸发泵"或原始沉积作用所致,对于现代干盐湖演化历史及有关钾盐矿床成因研究有一定借鉴意义。     

单片机在程控加油机中的开发与应用

介绍一种以８０３１为ＣＰＵ的智能化防爆程控加油机系统，且有计量精度高的特点。可广泛应用于石油、化工等防爆场合。     

Numerical flow simulation of flush type intake duct of waterjet

Waterjet propulsion system is widely used to thrust high speed marine vessels in excess of 30–35 knots by virtue of high propulsive efficiency, good maneuverability, and less vibration. Since, however, approximately 7–9% of the total power is lost in intake duct due to flow separation, nonuniformity, etc., detail understanding of flow phenomena occurring within intake duct is essential to reduce the power loss. The present work solved 3D incompressible RANS equations on multiblocked grid system of the flush type intake duct of waterjet. The numerical results of surface pressure distributions, velocity vectors, and streamlines were compared with experiments and good agreements were obtained for three jet velocity ratios. Strong suction flow through the inlet was shown and the vortex induced by the separation along the corner of the side wall was clearly shown. Flow separation on the lip was also observed. The location of stagnation point on the lip was well predicted, in accordance with PIV measurement.     

Effects of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Enrichment on Marine Phytoplankton

Rising atmospheric CO₂ and deliberate CO₂ sequestration in the ocean change seawater carbonate chemistry in a similar way, lowering seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration and carbonate saturation state and increasing dissolved CO₂ concentration. These changes affect marine plankton in various ways. On the organismal level, a moderate increase in CO₂ facilitates photosynthetic carbon fixation of some phytoplankton groups. It also enhances the release of dissolved carbohydrates, most notably during the decline of nutrient-limited phytoplankton blooms. A decrease in the carbonate saturation state represses biogenic calcification of the predominant marine calcifying organisms, foraminifera and coccolithophorids. On the ecosystem level these responses influence phytoplankton species composition and succession, favouring algal species which predominantly rely on CO₂ utilization. Increased phytoplankton exudation promotes particle aggregation and marine snow formation, enhancing the vertical flux of biogenic material. A decrease in calcification may affect the competitive advantage of calcifying organisms, with possible impacts on their distribution and abundance. On the biogeochemical level, biological responses to CO₂ enrichment and the related changes in carbonate chemistry can strongly alter the cycling of carbon and other bio-active elements in the ocean. Both decreasing calcification and enhanced carbon overproduction due to release of extracellular carbohydrates have the potential to increase the CO₂ storage capacity of the ocean. Although the significance of such biological responses to CO₂ enrichment becomes increasingly evident, our ability to make reliable predictions of their future developments and to quantify their potential ecological and biogeochemical impacts is still in its infancy. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Latitudinal Differences in the Planktonic Biomass and Community Structure Down to the Greater Depths in the Western North Pacific

As part of the research program WEST-COSMIC Phase I (1997–2001), vertical profiles down to the greater depths (0–2000 m or 5800 m) of the plankton community structure composed of heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton, protozooplankton and metazooplankton were studied at one station in each subarctic (44°N) and in transitional region (39°N), and two stations in subtropical region (30°N and 25°N); all in 137–155°E in the western North Pacific Ocean. The biomass of all four taxonomic groups decreased rapidly with increasing depths at all stations, although the magnitude of depth-related decrease differed among the groups. As plankton community structure, metazooplankton biomass and bacterial biomass occupied >50% of the total in 0–2000 and 2000–4000 or 5000 m strata, respectively, at subarctic and transitional stations, while bacterial biomass contributed to >50% of the total consistently from 0 through 4800 or 5800 m at subtropical stations. Metazooplankton biomass integrated over the greater depths exhibited a clear latitudinal pattern (high north and low south), but this was not the case for those of the other taxonomic groups. As a component of metazooplankton, an appreciable contribution of diapausing copepods to the metazooplankton was noted at subarctic and transitional stations, but they were few or nil at subtropical stations. As protozooplankton assemblages, heterotrophic microflagellates (HMF) and dinoflagellates were two major components at subarctic and transitional stations, but were only HMF predominated at subtropical stations. From biomass ratios between heterotrophic bacteria, HMF and dinoflagellates, “sinking POC-DOC-heterotrophic bacteria-HMF-heterotrophic dinoflagellates” link was proposed as a microbial food chain operative in the deep layer of the western North Pacific. All results are discussed in the light of latitudinal differences in the structure and functioning of plankton community contributing to the ‘biological pump’ in the western North Pacific Ocean. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

断层带中超压流体及其在地震和成矿中的作用

地震断层带中的局部存在对其力学和化学过程有着重要影响的超压流体，对这种超压流本的证据。超压机制及其在地震活动和成矿中的作用等进行了探讨。流体超压是在断层带中渗透性的构造发生强烈时空变化的前提下产生的，其主要原因是构造加压及深源高压流体的注入，当流体压力升至一临界值时，断层发生灾难性破裂，即地震，增加断层的渗透性，超压流体快速向低压带（室或域）流动，同时因减压流体所携载水溶物各（包括成矿物质）大量沉淀析出，降低断层带的渗透性，地震泵吸和流体超压机制的交替作用使得这一过程得以周期性地进行。     

海洋二氧化碳的研究进展

海洋是一个巨大的碳库,具有潜在的缓冲大气CO2增加的能力,研究CO2在海洋中的转移和归宿,对于预测未来大气CO2含量乃至全球气候变化具有重要意义。综述了海洋CO2的研究现状,着重介绍海洋CO2的源与汇、海—气CO2通量的估算以及海洋环流、生物泵和海洋生态在海洋碳循环中的作用,并对该研究领域的发展趋势进行了总结。