利用珊瑚生长率重建西沙海域罗马暖期中期海温变化

珊瑚生长率是记录海水表层温度（SST）的一个重要代用指标。本文以南海中北部西沙永兴岛罗马暖期期间发育的3个澄黄滨珊瑚（Porites lutea）为材料,测量它们的骨骼生长率,并利用珊瑚骨骼生长率与SST的关系式定量重建海温年际变化序列。结果显示：3个滨珊瑚（生长于120-59 BC、46 BC-14 AD和30 BC-28 AD期间）的平均生长率分别为0.88 cm/a（变化于0.53~1.24 cm/a之间）、0.90 cm/a（变化于0.58~1.53 cm/a之间）和1.12 cm/a（变化于0.71~1.46 cm/a之间）。据此重建同时段年平均SST,相应结果分别为26.7℃、26.8℃和27.3℃。2 kaBP前后（120-59 BC,46 BC-28 AD）西沙海域平均SST为26.9±0.4℃,低于现代（1981-2010 AD）约0.7℃。     

Relationships between southern Chilean varved lake sediments,precipitation and ENSO for the last 600 years

In this paper, the relationships between paleo-precipitation and the regional influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in South America are assessed from a high-resolution calendar varve-thickness record. Two short laminated sediment cores (53 and 61 cm length) from Lago Puyehue (40° S) are analysed by continuous varve measurements through the last 600 years. The calendar varve years are determined by the occurrence of graded planktonic-rich layers. The annual sediment accumulation rates are reconstructed by using the standard varve-counting methods on thin sections. The 1980–2000 varve-thickness record is interpreted in terms of climate through correlation with limnological and local monthly instrumental climate databases. The comparison between the standardized varve thickness with the instrumental records reveals a strong correlation (r = 0.75, р = 0.07) between the total varve thickness and the austral autumn/winter precipitation. We argue that strong austral winter winds and precipitation are the forcing factors for the seasonal turn-over and phytoplankton increase in the lake sediments. During strong El Nino events the precipitation and the winds decrease abnormally, hence reducing the thickness of the biogenic sediments deposited after the winter turn-over. Our results show one significant regional maximum peak of winter precipitation (>900 mm) in the mid 20th century and a significant period with lower winter precipitation (<400 mm) before the 15th century, i.e., the late Medieval Warm Period. The first peak in the mid 20th century is confirmed by the regional precipitation database. The influence of ENSO cycles over the last 600 years is assessed by spectral analysis in Fagel et al. (2007). The possible influence of the regional volcanism and/or the seismic activity on the local climate record is also discussed. This is the sixth in a series of eight papers published in this special issue dedicated to the 17,900 year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue, Chilean Lake District. The papers in this special issue were collected by M. De Batist, N. Fagel, M. -F. Loutre and E. Chapron.     

人类活动对土壤有机碳库的影响研究进展

土壤有机碳库动态变化直接影响全球的碳平衡, 土壤有机碳库研究是全球碳循环研究中的关键。研究人类活动影响下的土壤有机碳库的动态特征及其过程机制,不仅可降低对未来气候预测的不确定性,也可为土壤固碳技术的选择和政策制定提供理论依据。从土地利用方式变化、耕作方式与管理两方面详尽阐述了国内外关于人类活动影响下土壤有机碳库动态的研究进展,提出应加强土地管理、采取适当的农业耕作措施来减少土壤有机碳的流失,以提高土壤对碳的固定。     

Determination of Cyanuric Acid in Swimming Pool Water and Milk by Differential Pulse Polarography

Cyanuric acid is a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant in humans. Therefore, determination of trace cyanuric acid is very important, in this work a novel, sensitive, and reliable method was developed using differential pulse polarography. Optimum conditions for analytical determination were found to be at a pH of 9.5, Britton–Robinson at a reduction potential of ?105 mV. Experimental results indicate an excellent linear correlation between the peak current and the concentration in the range of cyanuric acid from 0.5 to 27.0 µM (0.06–3.5 µg mL^?1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were obtained as 0.15 and 0.5 µM (0.02–0.06 µg mL^?1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of cyanuric acid in pool water and in spiked milk. Cyanuric acid level in swimming pool water was found as 2.54 ± 0.47 µg mL^?1 (19.7 ± 2.29 µM) in swimming pool water for N = 4 and 95% confidence interval. The recoveries were found to be sufficient. Also, the standard deviation of the data was low which shows high accuracy and precision of proposed differential pulse polarographic method. The influences of some other commonly found inorganic salts on the determination of cyanuric acid were also examined. Some interfering species were eliminated using complexing agents, e.g., EDTA.     

反滤回灌井的结构设计理论和方法

反滤回灌井是地下水库中一种有效的回灌设施,它由回灌井和回灌池组成,回灌池位于井口、具有反滤功能。介绍了反滤回灌井单井回灌量的计算方法,提出反滤回灌井结构设计的原则和方法。回灌池反滤结构应有两层,上部反滤层应能过滤回灌水中的杂质,选择较细的砂粒;下部反滤层应能防止上层反滤料通过井盖的孔口落入井内,选择较粗的砾类。从过流能力和水流流态的角度。对回灌池的外型进行了优化,探讨了回灌池池口和池底横截面面积的比例,提出应选择抛物线型竖向剖面,同时介绍了回灌池防淤和抗冲设计的方法。     

Plant Species Richness Increased Belowground Plant Biomass and Substrate Nitrogen Removal in a Constructed Wetland

The effects of plant species richness on both above‐ and belowground plant biomass, plant nitrogen (N) pool size, and substrate N concentrations were studied in a full‐scale subsurface vertical‐flow constructed wetland (CW). Results showed that (i) plant species richness increased belowground plant biomass and its N pool size but had no effect on aboveground plant biomass and its N pool size; (ii) plant species richness increased substrate N removal, especially ammonium N removal; and (iii) plant species richness had no effect on plant N use efficiency, suggesting that the N pool size increased with increasing plant species richness. More N accumulation could be removed through harvesting plant biomass. We concluded that the N removal performance of the CW improved by plant species richness through increasing belowground biomass and relevant N pool size.     

TCA2003全站仪在游泳池长度控制中的应用

比赛用游泳馆泳池长度必须满足相应国际标准,对其精度有严格的质量控制。根据日照市游泳馆工程设计的特点及精度要求,提出了运用TCA2003型全站仪对游泳池长度进行全过程长度控制的方法,并进行了精度分析。     

中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩油气藏储层特征比较及其差异分析

在中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩储层母岩年代和岩性、储集空间类型以及火山岩岩相综合分析的基础上,探讨了火山岩油气藏的储层特征及其差异性。研究表明,中国古亚洲域火山岩储层的母岩发育年代西早东晚,西部的准噶尔、三塘湖和吐哈盆地发育晚古生代海相、海陆交互相的中基性安山岩、玄武岩及火山碎屑岩;东部的松辽、二连和海拉尔盆地发育中生代陆相中酸性流纹岩、安山岩。火山岩原生储集空间包括气孔、孔洞以及冷凝收缩裂缝等;次生储集空间包括各种溶蚀孔及构造裂缝、风化裂缝等。火山岩岩相可分喷出相、火山通道相、次火山相和火山沉积相。其中中基性岩类多以溢流相开始,相序类型为溢流相、爆发相/火山沉积相;中酸性岩类多以爆发相或火山通道相发端,主要相序为爆发相、溢流相/侵出相。溢流相一般发育原生气孔、构造缝;爆发相多为粒间孔,而侵出相以角砾间孔和原生裂缝为主。火山岩储层的差异受多因素影响,包括岩性岩相、喷发环境以及后期构造、成岩作用等。前者奠定火山岩储层形成与分布的基础和储集空间的发育程度;后者则改造储层的储渗性能。     

西太平洋暖池核心区Ontong Java 海台古菌多样性研究

为了研究西太平洋暖池核心区表层古菌群落结构及多样性,应用16S rDNA文库技术对KX08-973-22站位(取名为CWP)水体样构建基因文库,得到了561个克隆,经分析处理后得到50个OUT(Operational Taxonimic Units).通过对16S rRNA基因序列的同源性比较,构建系统发育树分析及统计...     

黄海暖流的路径及机制研究

利用NASA/AVHRR 反演的每日海表面温度资料, 法国航天局AVISO 发布的海表面高度资料,中国气象科学数据共享服务网成山头台站的日均风场资料, 首先对黄海海表面温度分布进行了分析,揭示了表征黄海暖流的暖水舌存在两个分支。然后对1981 年10 月～2010 年5 月这两个分支发生情况进行了统计, 得出两个分支并...