万山、梵净山在铜仁夏季的比较优势

以《贵州省气候避暑地评价标准》为主要评价标准,应用铜仁10个国家气象观测站和梵净山无人值守7要素站观测的逐日气温观测资料和整编资料为基础,对梵净山、万山的度夏气候进行评价得出,梵净山、万山具有凉爽、湿润、清新、太阳辐射低的特点,是度夏的理想去处。与此同时,结合本地气候特点,初步设想了铜仁市的评价标准:在辅助指标中引入暑热日数作为评价指标之一。     

南极涛动与西沙夏季气候的关联性

利用近53a(1960—2012年)南海西沙群岛永兴岛气象站的观测资料以及同期的NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,分析了近53a西沙夏季气候变化特征及其与春、夏季南极海平面气压的可能联系,并初步分析了南极涛动(AAO)对西沙夏季气候的影响。结果表明:近53a来西沙夏季平均降水持续减少、气温明显升高、风速显著减弱;降水、气温和风速还表现出准2a的年际变率及7~11a的年代际变率。回归分析和相关分析结果均表明,当春、夏季南极海平面气压偏强(弱)时,西沙夏季降水偏多(少)、气温偏低(高)、风速偏强(弱)、空间分布型类似于负(正)位相的南极涛动(AAO)。春、夏季AAO处于正位相,一方面在年代际尺度上导致东亚夏季风减弱,另一方面在年际尺度上导致印度季风减弱,从而使得西沙夏季降水偏少、气温偏高、风速偏弱。     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ZHOUSHAN ARCHIPELAGO TERRAIN ON THE TROPICAL CYCLONE TODD (NO.9806) BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

Taking Tropical Cyclone (TC) No.9806 (Todd) as an example, the effects of Zhoushan archipelago terrain on landfall TC are investigated by use of numerical simulation. Results show that, under topographic influences of Zhoushan Islands, the westward-moving landfall TC deflects. And, small orographic highs and enhanced rainfall caused by climbing airflow on the windward slope of main mountains of these islands are a result of effects of Zhoushan Islands. These results display some particular laws of effects of small-sized islands on the landfall of TC.     

2009年8月11日安达曼群岛Ms7.5地震热红外变化

应用中国静止气象卫星FY -2C红外遥感资料对2009年8月11日安达曼群岛Ms7.5地震以及近年在震中(14.21°N,92.84.E)及周围区域(5°～24°N,82.～102.E)发生的多次强震进行了研究,结果表明:Ms7.5地震发生前约两个月震中以南区域开始出现热红外异常,异常区范围随时间逐渐扩大,至震前约20...     

西沙群岛石岛根管石特征、成因及地质意义

西沙群岛石岛由第四纪地层构成,包括4个风成生物砂屑灰岩层和3个化石土壤层,生物砂屑灰岩层和化石土壤层相间分布,在化石土壤层中发育根管石。研究表明,根管石在结构构造、成分和沉积成岩变化方面具有三层分带性。其中,内带由泥晶碳酸盐组成,具有泥晶结构,环形纹层或纤维状构造,是原始植物根系交代和石化的结果; 中带和外带均为细粒砂屑结构,块状或层理构造,砂屑颗粒由珊瑚、珊瑚藻、有孔虫、软体动物、棘皮类等古生物化石和砂屑组成,中带钙质胶结较强,中带、外带及寄主岩石多为过渡关系。根管石的中带和外带是植物根系附近微化学成岩环境和后期差异风化作用的产物。西沙群岛石岛存在3个根管石发育层,标志着三期成土作用和植被化作用的存在,反映了气候条件的重大变化。西沙群岛石岛风成生物砂屑灰岩层和化石土壤层的相间分布特征,及CaO/MgO比值、锶元素和有机质含量变化,记录了4个气候演变和风成沉积演化旋回。     

西沙周缘深水沉积盆地演化及油气勘探潜力

西沙周缘深水沉积盆地位于南海西北部深水区,属新生代盆地,主要经历了三次构造运动和断陷与坳陷两个演化阶段.西沙北坳陷带和中建坳陷沉积了厚层的断陷期和坳陷期地层,断陷早期发育烃源岩,断陷晚期发育主要储层;坳陷早期发育储层,坳陷晚期发育区域盖层,具备优越的生储盖条件.西沙南坳陷带构造运动强烈,地温梯度高,局部出现洋壳基底,坳...     

夏威夷群岛东南海域多金属结核的物源特征及其对古海水、亚洲季风信息的记录

为深入探讨夏威夷群岛东南海域结核的物源特征及其所记录的古海水、亚洲季风信息,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、电子探针(EPMA)方法,对来源于原地质矿产部和国家海洋局"海洋四号"科考船DY85-1航次采集的研究区的4块多金属结核样品进行了详细的元素地球化学分析测试,并对分析结果进行了Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Ni)×10]、Fe-Mn-[(Cu+Co+Ni)×10]图解与元素间相关性分析。结果表明,结核中的成矿元素直接来源于海水;应用Co含量经验公式、结合Mn/Fe值计算方法对其生长速率进行验证,得到结核的Fe/Mn、Al/(Fe+Mn)值变化曲线与太平洋底栖有孔虫的δ18O曲线、亚洲内陆粉尘通量曲线呈现出相似的变化趋势,表明多金属结核可作为古海水氧化程度及亚洲季风演化研究的新载体。     

Animal production and climate variation in the Faeroe Islands in the 19th century

The article deals with aspects of the historical geography of the Faeroe Islands in the 19th century with a focus on animal production, i.e. sheep and cows. It is based on material from the Regional Archive, Føroya Landsskjalasavn. The tithe lists showing the King's third from Norderöe district, 1801–1859, are analysed in detail and compared with the statements from another series of documents, the Sheriff s half-yearly reports on the state of the district. Together these two sets of records give a detailed picture of the development and variation in the number of cows, paying “butter-tithe” and the number of sheep slaughtered, paying “wool-tithe”. The number of cows surviving the winter, depended on the amount and quality of winter fodder or hay, which was produced in the infield the preceding summer. The sheep, on the other hand, that can survive the winter while grazing in the outfield, are dependent on the severity or mildness of the winter as well as their condition in the lambing period. The two series provide data on summer as well as winter weather conditions. The analysis makes an attempt, using the concepts known from the critical realist theory of science, to find the mechanisms as well as necessary and contingent conditions involved in the two processes.