固结比对石灰土动力特性的影响试验研究

以石灰改性膨胀土为研究对象,结合铁路路基实际的非等向固结状态,考虑了不同固结比或偏应力对石灰改性膨胀土动力特性的影响。通过循环振动三轴试验,对掺灰比为3 %石灰改性膨胀土,在选定的6组固结比下表现出的动力特性进行了研究,得出了固结比或偏应力的变化对其产生的影响。在研究的固结比范围内,随着固结比和偏应力的增大,石灰土的动弹模量显著地增大;阻尼比则相应地表现出减小的趋势,但所受影响程度较之动弹模量略小。     

渗流应力耦合分析在溪洛渡电站坝址区的应用

把裂隙岩体概化为等效连续介质,建立了统一的渗流－弹塑性应力全耦合控制议程。坝区耦合分析表明耦合和不耦合分析所得的坝区渗流场有一定差别,耦合分析的厂房地下洞室顶部的水压力值增大,且洞室壁面的出渗量也增大。考虑耦合作用的地下洞室群区域的渗探优化布置仍需进一步的研究。     

2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震对周围地区的静态应力影响

基于九寨沟M_S7.0地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,本文计算了该地震在周围主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化、在周围地区产生的应力场和位移场和同震库仑应力变化对余震的触发.结果表明：（1）九寨沟地震造成虎牙断裂中段库仑破裂应力有较大增加,已经超过0.01 MPa的阈值,虎牙断裂北段、塔藏断裂中段和岷江断裂北段北部的库仑破裂应力有较大降低,因此尤其要注意虎牙断裂中段的危险性.（2）水平面应力场在该地震震中东西两侧增加（拉张）,张应力起主要作用.在震中南北两侧降低（压缩）,压应力起主要作用.从水平主压和主张应力方向来看,均呈现出条形磁铁的磁场形态.从剖面上的应力场来看,在上盘的面膨胀区域内,大部分点的主张应力方向与地表是垂直的,在其他区域内,主张应力和主压应力均以震中为中心,向外呈辐射状.（3）从地表水平位移场来看,震中东西两侧物质朝震中位置汇聚,南北两侧物质向外流出,在震中处的最大水平位移量达43 mm.从地表垂直位移场来看,震中南北两侧出现明显的隆升,隆升最大值达56.8 mm.震中东西两侧出现明显的沉降,沉降最大值达74.5 mm.从剖面的位移场来看,九寨沟地震为左旋走滑地震,且有一定的正断成分.由分析可以推测该断层破裂在大致22~26 km的深度上就截止了.并推测下盘物质运动的动力来自震源北东东方向（四川块体）深度在6~30 km的下盘下层物质,上盘物质运动的动力来自震源北西西方向（巴颜喀拉块体）深度在0~6 km的上盘上层物质.（4）通过计算不同深度上主震对余震的触发作用可知,主震后的最大余震受到了主震的触发作用,多数其他余震也受到主震的触发作用.主震的发生促使了库仑应力增加地区余震的发生,抑制了一部分库仑应力减少地区余震的发生.

     

Intrinsic and attenuative dispersion characteristics of direct P-waves in and near the source area of the 1999 MW7.6 Chi-Chi,Taiwan, earthquake before and after the mainshock

Based on the measurement of the arrival time of maxima magnitude from band-pass filtering signals which were determined using a new Morlet wavelet multiple-filter method, we develop a method for measuring intrinsic and attenuative dispersion of the first cycle direct P-wave. We determine relative group delays of spectral components of direct P-waves for 984 ray paths from SML and ALS stations of the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network (CWBSN). Using continuous relaxation model, we deduce a new transfer function that relates intrinsic dispersion to attenuation. Based on the genetic algorithm (GA), we put forward a new inversion procedure for determining which is defined the flat part of quality factor Q(ω) spectrum, τ₁ and τ₂ parameters. The results indicate that ① The distribution of Q_m values versus epicentral distance and depth show that Q_m values linearly increase with increasing of epicentral distance and depth, and Q_m values is clearly independent of earthquakes magnitude; ② In the different depth ranges, Q_m residual show no correlation with variations in epicentral distance. Some significant changes of Q_m residual with time is likely caused by pre-seismic stress accumulation, and associated with fluid-filled higher density fractures rock volume in the source area of 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake. We confirm that Q_m residual with time anomaly appears about 2.5 years before the Chi-Chi earthquake; ③ A comparison of Q_m residual for different depth range between SML and ALS stations show that the level of stress has vertical and lateral difference; ④ The area near observation station with both anomalously increasing and decreasing averaged Q_m residual is likely an unstable environment for future strong earthquake occurrence. This study demonstrates the capability of direct P-waves dispersion for monitoring attenuation characteristics and its state changes of anelastic medium of the Earth at short propagation distance using seismograms recorded from very small events.

     

亚洲中东部岩石圈塑性流动网络与构造应力场

:板块边缘驱动作用主要通过岩石圈下层的网络状塑性流动实现其向板内的远程传递 ,并控制上层的构造变形。相应地造成构造应力场的的多层分布格局 ,主要包括下层 (含下地壳和岩石圈地幔 )、多震层 (属于上部地壳 )和浅层 (浅表地壳 )应力场。这些层中最大压应力方向可分别采用塑性流动网络共轭角平分线、震源机制解和井孔应力测量等方法加以确定。根据对亚洲中—东部下层与多震层应力场的对比表明 ,大部分地区二者的应力方向基本一致 ,表明了下层对上层的控制 ,这对了解板内应力场的一般趋势与格架提供了基础。靠近驱动边界的局部地段 ,由于上部地壳直接的传递作用 ,往往导致上、下层应力方向的显著偏差 ,有可能成为进一步了解深浅层联系和差异的一种方法     

Evidence for freeze–thaw events and their implications for rock weathering in northern Canada

Discussions regarding weathering in cold environments generally centre on mechanical processes and on the freeze–thaw mechanism in particular. Despite the almost ubiquitous assumption of freeze–thaw weathering, unequivocal proof of interstitial rock water actually freezing and thawing is singularly lacking. Equally, many studies have used the crossing of 0 °C, or values close to that, as the basis for determining the number of ‘freeze–thaw events’. In order to assess the weathering regime at a site in northern Canada, temperatures were collected at the surface, 1 cm and 3 cm depth for sets of paving bricks, with exposures both vertical and at 45°, orientated to the four cardinal directions. Temperature data were collected at 1 min intervals for 1 year. These data provide unequivocal proof for the occurrence of the freezing and thawing of water on and within the rock (freeze–thaw events). The freeze event is evidenced by the exotherm associated with the release of latent heat as the water actually freezes. This is thought to be the ?rst record of such events from a ?eld situation. More signi?cantly, it was found that the temperature at which freezing occurred varied signi?cantly through the year and that on occasion the 1 cm depth froze prior to the rock surface. The change in freeze temperature is thought to be due to the chemical weathering of the material (coupled with on‐going salt inputs via the melting of snowfall), which, it is shown, could occur throughout the winter despite air temperatures down to ?30 °C. This ?nding regarding chemical weathering is also considered to be highly signi?cant. A number of thermal stress events were also recorded, suggesting that rock weathering in cold regions is a synergistic combination of various chemical and mechanical weathering mechanisms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cone penetration test in sand: A numerical-analytical approach

Separation of the effects of initial horizontal stress and relative density on cone tip resistance in sandy soils has been a complicated issue for many years. In order to overcome this problem, a numerical modeling of CPT which has been verified by calibration chamber tests, has been used in this paper to achieve a reliable analytical solution. The analytical solution has resulted in two relationships for sleeve friction and cone tip resistance in terms of the initial conditions of sandy soil. Based on the presented solution, the initial horizontal stress and relative density can be determined according to CPT measurements.     

地应力测量的非弹性应变恢复法及应用实例

岩芯非弹性应变恢复法是近年来发展起来的比较经济有效的深部地应力测量方法,汶川5.12地震后,我国大陆首次将该方法应用于汶川地震断裂带科学钻的地应力测量.本文简述了该方法的原理、计算方法和汶川地震科学钻一号孔的典型结果.给出了一号孔在所测深度之处的三个主应力的大小和方向.三个主应力中,最大主应力和中间主应力近于水平,最小主应力近于直立.最大主应力方向为北西.在746 m深度,三个主应力的大小为25.2 MPa,21.5 MPa,18.5 MPa.这种应力状态可使龙门山断层产生逆冲兼右行走滑运动,与汶川5.12地震的断层运动一致.该方法得到的结果与震源机制解及其他地应力测量方法得到的结果吻合.测量结果表明,非弹性应变恢复法具有较大的实用价值.特别是在较大深度的钻孔和地层较破碎的复杂地质条件下,应力解除法、水压致裂法等难以实施时,此方法仍有可能获得较可靠的地应力数据,适应性更强.     

ANSYS三维地应力场数值模拟方法应用研究

初始地应力场由自重应力场和构造应力场叠加而成,是深部地下工程分析必须考虑的重要因素。针对目前常用的三维地应力场数值模拟方法在维持地应力场分布规律和避免附加位移方面存在的缺陷,进行了ANSYS地应力场模拟方法的比较研究。用java语言编写了针对不同ANSYS版本的初始应力文件合并程序,提出了高版本ANSYS初始应力文件合并的EXCEL简易方法,实现了不需编写任何其他程序、对所有类型单元通用的ANSYS初始应力平衡等效节点反力法,构建了一套实用的ANSYS三维地应力场模拟方法流程。     

鲁西地块中、新生界裂缝发育特征及构造应力场分析

鲁西地块是华北克拉通东部重要的构造单元,经历了多期构造演化,裂缝十分发育,是研究裂缝的有利场所。通过野外地质观测和室内研究,对鲁西地块部分地区的裂缝的产状、类型、开度、间距、填充物等参数进行了统计分析,得出裂缝优势方向主要为NNW向、SEE向、NEE向、NE向和NW向。在野外分期配套的基础上,结合区域构造应力场,用过滤法对鲁西地块中、新生界的裂缝进行了分期配套,初步分为NNW和SEE向,NNW和NEE向,NNW、NE、NWW和NEE向3期,并分别指示了早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世、古新世至始新世早期、始新世中期至渐新世区域构造应力场。