Volcanic tremor at Pavlof Volcano,Alaska, October 1973–April 1986

In thirteen years (1973–1986) of seismic monitoring of Pavlof Volcano, 488 episodes of volcanic tremor have been recorded, only 26 of which have been previously described in the literature. This paper tabulates and describes all the tremor episodes and reports on the results of all analyses to date. Pavlof tremor durations range from 2 minutes to greater than 1 week; episodes accompanying magmatic eruptions have durations greater than 1 hour, and sustained amplitudes of greater than 6 mmP-P (=54 nanometers at 1.5 Hz) on station PVV, 8.5 km from the vent. Digital data provide much better amplitude resolution than helicorders do. Helicorders, however, provide continuous coverage, whereas digital data are intermittent. Correlations of tremor with visual eruption observations shows that tremor amplitudes are roughly correlated with heights of lava fountains, but the correlation of tremor amplitudes with plume heights is more problematic. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectra show that Pavlof tremor is quite statinary for the entire time period, 1973–1983. All principal spectral peaks lie between 0.8 and 3.0 Hz, and may be caused by resonance of magma and gas, and resonance of the volcanic pile. Preliminary analysis of 2-and 3-component data shows thatP, S, PL, and Rayleigh waves may be present in Pavlof volcanic tremor. Other waveforms can be misidentified as tremor, most commonly those caused by storms orS-waves of regional earthquakes. A strategy is proposed to distinguish tremor from noise using automatic seismic data acquisition and analysis systems. Pavlof's volcanic tremor is briefly compared with a preliminary sample of over 1100 cases of tremor from 84 volcanoes worldwide. Finally, several recommendations for monitoring and reporting volcanic tremor are discussed.     

Seismic activity of Erebus volcano,antarctica

Mount Erebus is presently the only Antarctic volcano with sustained eruptive activity in the past few years. It is located on Ross Island and a convecting anorthoclase phonolite lava lake has occupied the summit crater of Mount Erebus from January 1973 to September 1984. A program to monitor the seismic activity of Mount Erebus named IMESS was started in December 1980 as an international cooperative program among Japan, the United States and New Zealand. A new volcanic episode began on 13 September, 1984 and continued until December.Our main observations from the seismic activity from 1982–1985 are as follows: (1) The average numbers of earthquakes which occurred around Mount Erebus in 1982, 1983 and January–August 1984 were 64, 134 and 146 events per day, respectively. Several earthquake swarms occurred each year. (2) The averag number of earthquakes in 1985 is 23 events per day, with only one earthquake swarm. (3) A remarkable decrease of the background seismicity is recognized before and after the September 1984 activity. (4) Only a few earthquakes were located in the area surrounding Erebus mountain after the September 1984 activity.A magma reservoir is estimated to be located in the southwest area beneath the Erebus summit, based on the hypocenter distributions of earthquakes.     

东亚地区春季硫氧化物浓度分布及其收支研究

利用一个耦合的区域化学输送模式系统,模拟了2001年3~4月间东亚区域二氧化硫(SO2)和硫酸盐(SO42-)气溶胶浓度的时空分布,并分析了它们的来源、输送、转化和沉降过程在浓度形成中的作用。为了检验模拟结果的合理性,侧重分析了4月9~12日SO2的输送和转化过程。在这一期间,SO2浓度观测资料显示,日本的观测站Happo、Oki和Hedo周围及日本海部分海域先后经历了一次SO2浓度高值。模拟结果表明,日本东京附近的三宅岛火山喷发严重影响了日本列岛和周边海域SO2和SO42-气溶胶的分布,是引起观测站周围及日本海部分海域SO2浓度高值的主要原因。3月1日至4月31日间的硫收支分析显示,气相与液相化学过程在SO2的氧化过程中具有同等的重要性,模拟区域排放的硫氧化物中有约42%(其中约25%为SO2)被输送到模拟区域以外,约57%(约35%为湿沉降)沉积在模拟区域内。     

长白山天池火山区地下热流体化学特征研究

在长白山天池火山区及外围地区采集温泉和冷泉水样19个。计算了温泉水的热储温度和热储深度,分析了火山区地下热流体的化学组成特征及其变化规律。通过与外围地区的对比研究,发现Cl、F、B、Fe和Mn等组分是天池火山区深部热流体的特征组分,认为这些组分可能成为火山监测的灵敏组分。最后初步探讨了火山区水—岩平衡及浅层地下水的混合作用等问题。