沟槽内海底管道的水动力特性研究

基于水力模型实验，引入相对沟形系数αｒ，获得了以αｒ为表征的相对水动力系数与ＫＣ数的关系；对于浅沟而言，这种关系较有规律性。根据所设计沟形的αｒ值和所选定的ＫＣ值，应用本文结果，可以方便地判断其力折减程度和掩护效果     

螺旋藻多糖对给予环磷酰胺BALB/C小鼠的保护作用研究

研究了螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳ）对环磷酰胺（ＣＹ）引起的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠造血功能等损伤的保护作用。当给小鼠ＣＹ时能同时给予ＰＳ时，就能大大减轻因给予ＣＹ经起的造血功能障碍；能明显减缓动物因使用ＣＹ的致的体重下降以及能明显减低因ＣＹ作用的死亡率，提示使用ＰＳ对预防或减轻化疗制剂的危害是具有明显作用的。为临床化疗、放疗病人使用ＰＳ提供了依据。     

中华绒螯蟹仔蟹维生素E营养需求研究

以酪蛋白、明胶，糊精和去维生素E的鱼油为原料，配制成等氨等能的半纯化基础饲料，每100g基础饲料中分别添加VE0，10，20，40，60，80mg制成试验饲料，对淡化5d的河蟹大眼幼体和后继仔蟹进行了为期25 d的饲养试验，探讨了VE对大眼幼体和仔蟹生长，存活、蜕皮的影响和适宜需求量，结果表明，每100g饲料中分别添20mgt 40mgVE时，Ⅲ期仔蟹的增重率，存活率和蜕皮频率均较高，分别为436．065，51．17％和2．54和487．61％，61．50％和2．58，而VE缺乏组，同期仔蟹的增重率。存活率和蜕皮频率最低，仅分别是264．94％、26．17％和2．21，但是当每100g饲料中VE的添加量提高到80mg时，仔蟹的上述三项指标，不但没有随之升高，反而明显下降，并与VE缺乏的对照组相接近，表明VE添加过量，也会抑制仔蟹的正常生长，存活和蜕皮。VE对仔蟹的正常生长发育，存活和蜕皮是必需的其适宜添加量为每100g饲料中添加20－40mg.     

低盐度突变对中国对虾仔虾存活率的影响

１９９６年３－４月在山东日照市代家村对虾育苗场采集中国对虾仔虾,采用实验室培养的方法,研究中国对虾仔虾对不同低盐度突变的幅度及速率的适应能力,并对在不同盐度突变后仍能存活的仔虾体内的１８种氨基酸、１４种脂肪酸及５种维生素的含量作了分析比较。结果表明,当降盐的工范围为３／ｄ－５／ｄ时,部分仔虾可在盐度为零的淡水中存活数天。盐度的变化对仔虾体内氨基酸,脂肪酸和维生素的含量均有一定影响。     

Food web structure of two Mediterranean lagoons under varying degree of eutrophication

The food web structure and functioning of two north-western Mediterranean lagoons exhibiting contrasting degrees of eutrophication and marine influences were compared through δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N analysis of major potential food sources and consumers. The Lapalme Lagoon is well preserved and has kept a natural and temporary connection with the open sea. Conversely, the Canet Lagoon is heavily eutrophicated and its water exchange with the open sea has been artificially reduced. In Lapalme, all potential food sources and consumers exhibited δ¹⁵N values indicative of pristine coastal areas. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM) pools seemed to constitute the main food sources of most primary consumers. Both primary producers and all consumers were much more ¹⁵N-enriched (by  10‰) and more ¹³C-depleted in Canet than in Lapalme. This reflected: (1) the assimilation of important amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen in the food web, and (2) a marked and uniform influence of ¹³C-depleted allochtonous sources of carbon. Based on the mean δ¹⁵N of primary consumers, we found rather similar food web lengths in both lagoons with top consumers at trophic levels 3.6 and 4.0 in Canet and Lapalme, respectively. However, the eutrophication of the Canet Lagoon resulted in a simplification of the food web structure (i.e., a single trophic pathway from a ¹⁵N-enriched fraction of the SOM pool to top predators) compared to what was observed in Lapalme Lagoon where additional ¹³C-enriched food sources played a significant trophic role. Moreover, some consumers of Canet tended to exploit primary producers to a larger extent (and thus to exhibit lower trophic levels) than in Lapalme.     

Stable isotope ratios in Cape gannets around the southern coasts of Africa reveal penetration of biogeographic patterns in oceanic signatures

The southern coasts of Africa are influenced by two major oceanic currents, leading to biogeographic patterns in inshore and offshore species assemblages, and in the stable isotope signatures of suspended particulate matter and filter-feeding mussels. We used the stable isotope ratios of carbon (¹³C/¹²C) and nitrogen (¹⁵N/¹⁴N) from the blood and feathers of adult and chick Cape gannets (Morus capensis) to investigate whether the geographic differences observed at the lower levels in the marine communities are deep penetrating effects that reach top predators. Additionally, we evaluated whether trophic segregation occurs between adult and reared chick gannets, and whether a shift to wintering habitat occurs in adults. The study was conducted during the 2006 breeding season on Bird Island in the Agulhas system, and on Malgas and Ichaboe Islands, in the south and north Benguela respectively. Our results showed significant differences in the isotope ratios of members of different colonies, but no intra-colony differences between tissues or age groups. These results indicate that there is neither age-related nor temporal segregation in the diet of members of the same colony. Feather isotopic values suggest that adults remain all year round in the same habitats, and do not undertake long migration after reproduction. Since all gannets tend to target similar prey, we attributed among-colony differences in isotope signatures mostly to the oceanic conditions experienced by the main prey of birds rather than substantial differences in diet composition. Overall, isotopic signatures segregate the two current systems, with depleted carbon values in the Agulhas and enriched nitrogen values in the upwelled waters of the Benguela. Within the Benguela birds from Ichaboe in the north had higher δ¹⁵N values than those from Malgas in the south, which we attributed to differences in the functioning of the upwelling cells in the vicinity of the two colonies. Finally, slight variation in the proportion of main prey and discards from fisheries may contribute to the variation in the stable-isotope signatures between colonies in the Benguela.     

基于C/S与B/S混合结构的海洋科技档案管理系统的分析和设计

分析了目前海洋科技档案管理的现状和存在的问题,针对海洋科技档案管理的特点和具体的应用需求,提出了基于C／S与B／S混合结构的海洋科技档案管理系统（Marine Science＆Technology Archives Management System,MSTAMS）设计方案．基于海洋科技档案管理的工作流程,从系统的总体设计、数据库设计、功能模块划分以及安全管理体束等方面进行了论述,对其中的关键技术进行了分析和研究,为糸纯的开发和实施提供一套切实、可行、全面、先进的理论体来和技术指导,以实现海洋科技档案管理信息化、自动化和可视化,从而提高海洋科技档案管理的效率,满足目前各海洋研究系统及单位对档案管理和应用的需要．     

多氯联苯(Aroclor 1242)胁迫下鲤鱼肝脏组织氧化应激

本文在实验室条件下通过静态水质染毒方式在生理生化和转录水平上探究了我国重要经济鱼种鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpioio)对多氯联苯Aroclor 1242的氧化应激:鲤鱼肝脏组织抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SuperoxideDismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)]活性、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malonydialdehyde,MDA)含量、相关抗氧化酶编码基因(Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT)、应激蛋白HSP70、转录因子Nrf2和芳烃受体AhR2基因表达。结果表明:Aroclor 1242胁迫下,鲤鱼肝脏组织抗氧化酶活性表现出低浓度促进高浓度抑制的趋势;肝脏组织丙二醛含量显著升高,其中390μg/L暴露组鲤鱼肝脏组织MDA含量在第6d高于对照组92.1%(P0.01),表明肝脏组织发生脂质过氧化,膜系统受到损伤;鲤鱼肝脏组织中Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT、HSP70、Nrf2和AhR2编码基因表达出现不同程度下调。本文从酶学和基因转录水平上揭示了Aroclor1242胁迫下鲤鱼肝脏组织细胞的氧化应激。     

基于多源数据的山东省围填海造地特点及发展趋势研究

文章基于文献资料分析、官方数据汇总、国产高分辨率资源卫星遥感影像信息提取以及发展趋势研判等方法,对改革开放以来山东省全海域范围内围填海造地的历史发展、现状特征、发展趋势及其对生态环境的影响进行了分析和总结,并提出相关的政策建议。研究表明:改革开放以来,山东省围填海造地累计已超过4.58万hm~2。21世纪以来围填海造地进入快速增长时期,尤其是2010年以来,全省围填海造地又掀起了一次新的热潮,其面积和速度都远远超过了历史水平。鉴于围填海造地对环境和生态的巨大影响,文章提出了加强管理、严格环境影响评价、引入生态环境补偿机制以及建立分级填海评估制度和年度监测机制等建议。     

基于平均分组和叠加相关的GPS信号捕获方法

针对目前GPS软件接收机C/A码捕获信噪比门限高、捕获速度慢的问题,提出一种基于平均分组和叠加相关的GPS弱信号捕获方法。首先,基于平均相关处理技术降低C/A码捕获过程中的自相关损耗,提高对微弱信号的捕获能力;然后,利用叠加相关提高相干运算的运算效率,并采用线性插值提高自相关函数性能;最后,利用频偏校正和内插进一步提高C/A信号的捕获精度。理论分析和仿真实验均验证,该方法能够在较低的信噪比下实现GPS信号捕获,且精度较高、运算量较低。