Using a Modified Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme (MSPAS) to Study the Sensitivity of Land Surface and Boundary Layer Processes to Soil and Vegetation Conditions

1. Introduction In our previous paper, MSPAS (Modi?ed Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme) was fully introduced andthe e?ectiveness of the model was also well proved (Liuet al., 2004). In this paper, some sensitivity experi-ments are performed to test the sta…     

Generation of thermal inertia image over a part of Gujarat: A new tool for geological mapping

Thermal inertia is a volume property and can be used to detect the subsurface features in an alluvium-covered area. A thermal inertia image has been generated over a part of Gujarat using consecutive day and night NOAA-AVHRR data. Gujarat contains two important rift basins in the western margin of India, namely, Cambay and Kutch basins. Major land covers exist in this region are alluvium, continental sediments, various rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic origin followed by Deccan Volcanics, tertiary and quaternary deposits. Validation of thermal inertia parameters with existing values obtained from literature indicates the efficacy of the developed technique. The study indicates that thermal inertia image can be used as a new method for geologic mapping/basin delineation where exposure is less or contrast is negligible between litho-units using traditional photography/sensing techniques.     

独立观测量抗差估计效果分析

本文从多余观测分量出发,通过对观测值附加粗差的方法,对抗差估计IGGI方案的抗差效果进行了分析,得出一些结论,并提出了在实际工作中有益的建议。     

The water-bearing numerical model and its operational forecasting experiments part I: the water-bearing numerical model

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改进的MM4模式暴雨实例对比试验

本文利用改进了水汽输送方案的中尺度模式ＭＭ４对三次暴雨过程作了试验。这三次过程包括两次长江中下游特大暴雨和一次华并暴雨。把三次暴雨过程的降水实况和采用不同水汽输送方案所得到的模拟降水结果进行了对比，并主要分析了“８２．６”湖北特大暴雨过程。     

水稻障碍型冷害损失评估及预测动态模型研究

在分析东北水稻生殖生长关键期低温生理反应的基础上,建立了计算日冷积温(时积温)及其与空壳率关系的模式和敏感期内每日水稻敏感群体数量比率分布标准化模式,进而建立了水稻在生殖生长关键期内因低温影响而导致空壳率及减产率评估、预测模式。该模式可较精确地计算出逐日低温导致的空壳率及减产率,可比成熟期提前25 d左右进行冷害评估和损失预测。     

Forging alliance with Russia: the example of a Green Investment Scheme

Russian Kyoto related interests are economic and after the US withdrawal the mission of Russian actors has been to find new demand for Russian credits and allowances. Kyoto related benefits to Russia will be significantly smaller than earlier expected, however, the revenues are now more likely to be focused on climate change mitigation purposes. Competition in the Kyoto market has established buyers’ market and Russia has to accommodate the interests of investors in order to gain benefits. The Russian initiative ‘Green Investment Scheme’ to recycle revenues from International Emissions Trading (IET) to further environmental activities would convene demand for Russian AAUs but experience the same problems than the previous initiatives: inadequate institutional arrangement, unclear division of responsibilities between domestic actors, prolonged ratification process and lack of eligibility strategy. These problems have prevented implementation of GIS so far. Therefore, these problems have to be addressed by high-level Russian policy-makers if serious benefits from Kyoto are sought. Actors building alliances with Russia should focus on assisting with solving these problems.     

A unified approach to the Clenshaw summation and the recursive computation of very high degree and order normalised associated Legendre functions

 Spherical harmonic expansions form partial sums of fully normalised associated Legendre functions (ALFs). However, when evaluated increasingly close to the poles, the ultra-high degree and order (e.g. 2700) ALFs range over thousands of orders of magnitude. This causes existing recursion techniques for computing values of individual ALFs and their derivatives to fail. A common solution in geodesy is to evaluate these expansions using Clenshaw's method, which does not compute individual ALFs or their derivatives. Straightforward numerical principles govern the stability of this technique. Elementary algebra is employed to illustrate how these principles are implemented in Clenshaw's method. It is also demonstrated how existing recursion algorithms for computing ALFs and their first derivatives are easily modified to incorporate these same numerical principles. These modified recursions yield scaled ALFs and first derivatives, which can then be combined using Horner's scheme to compute partial sums, complete to degree and order 2700, for all latitudes (except at the poles for first derivatives). This exceeds any previously published result. Numerical tests suggest that this new approach is at least as precise and efficient as Clenshaw's method. However, the principal strength of the new techniques lies in their simplicity of formulation and implementation, since this quality should simplify the task of extending the approach to other uses, such as spherical harmonic analysis. Received: 30 June 2000 / Accepted: 12 June 2001     

Sea state estimation using vessel response in dynamic positioning

This paper presents a novel method for estimating the sea state parameters based on the heave, roll and pitch response of a vessel conducting station keeping automatically by a dynamic positioning (DP) system, i.e., without forward speed. The proposed algorithm finds the wave spectrum estimate from the response measurements by iteratively solving a set of linear equations, and it is computationally efficient. The main vessel parameters are required as input. Apart from this the method is signal-based, with no assumptions on the wave spectrum shape. Performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on full-scale experimental DP data of a vessel in three different sea states at head, bow quartering, beam, stern quartering and following sea waves, respectively.     

2017年精河MS6.6地震前地磁异常特征分析

2017年8月9精河发生M_S6.6地震,距震中300km范围内的温泉台、克拉玛依台、乌鲁木齐台捕捉到此次地震前的地磁异常信息,本文对此进行了分析和总结,结论如下：①地磁谐波振幅比反应了观测点深部电阻率变化,2016年呼图壁M_S6.2、此次精河M_S6.6地震均发生在克拉玛依台地磁谐波振幅比异常下降之后的转折和恢复阶段;②震前83天、21天沿北天山断裂带分布的地磁台站逐日比和加卸载响应比均成组出现超限的高值,且异常高值的空间分布与震中位置有一定关联;③全国大陆地磁台站震前34天出现低点位移突变分界线,且异常集中于震中附近。