PTrees: A point-based approach to forest tree extraction from lidar data

This paper introduces PTrees, a multi-scale dynamic point cloud segmentation dedicated to forest tree extraction from lidar point clouds. The method process the point data using the raw elevation values (Z) and compute height (H = Z − ground elevation) during post-processing using an innovative procedure allowing to preserve the geometry of crown points. Multiple segmentations are done at different scales. Segmentation criteria are then applied to dynamically select the best set of apices from the tree segments extracted at the various scales. The selected set of apices is then used to generate a final segmentation. PTrees has been tested in 3 different forest types, allowing to detect 82% of the trees with under 10% of false detection rate. Future development will integrate crown profile estimation during the segmentation process in order to both maximize the detection of suppressed trees and minimize false detections.     

关于云安全问题的探讨

云计算面临的最大挑战是安全问题。云计算应用的无边界性、流动性等特点,较之传统的IT模式有很大差异。在云计算环境下,服务方式发生变化,安全的责任主体也发生了根本改变。作为云计算服务提供商,需要建立安全的云计算平台,为云安全服务提供保障;同时,服务一定是开放的、安全的,要保护云用户敏感信息的安全。整合桌面安全管理技术是行之有效的。云安全应用研究主要是从云计算平台系统安全和网络安全设备、安全基础设施的“云化”突破几个方面展开。     

地面三维激光扫描点云数据精度影响因素及控制措施

地面三维激光扫描技术虽然具有分辨率高、准确度高、效率高等特点,但在应用过程中存在一系列影响三维激光扫描精度的因素。文中详细分析扫描距离、物体表面材质、控制网、标靶测量精度、光斑大小、扫描点间距、点云拼接精度、全反射物质和外界环境等因素对三维激光扫描精度的影响,并提出对以上影响因素的控制方法。     

顾及城区机载LiDAR数据特征的配准算法

条带配准是点云数据处理的一个重要环节.文章介绍了经典ICP配准算法的基本原理;考虑到城区机载LiDAR数据中地物的组成、空间分布等特征,提出了一种ICP算法中对应点集的选择策略,并建立了城区机载LiDAR数据的自动配准流程.利用河南安阳试验场的真实点云数据进行配准实验,结果表明在不需要人工干预的情况下,可以很好地将条带数据拼接在一起,建立无缝点云数据.     

云服务平台下的地理信息系统技术研究

云计算与云服务经过几十年的探索与发展,已逐渐进入实际应用阶段。本项目从云服务如何服务于地理信息系统的角度进行研究。本文介绍了项目的整体设计与内容,及当前云服务的发展现状,概述了Open Layers API所具有的几个优势和开源地理信息系统的建设过程。本文重点说明了在云服务平台上部署地理信息系统的工作流程和需要注意的几个问题。     

机载Lidar技术在高速公路勘测中的应用

机载Lidar系统主要由激光发射系统、POS系统、CCD相机、计算机及存储设备等组成,能够快速获取高精度的地面点三维坐标信息以及影像数据,利用Terrasolid软件能够生产DEM、DOM及DLG产品。本文结合文莱高速公路项目详细阐述了机载Lidar系统在高速公路勘测中的应用。     

基于EPS平台的地面三维激光扫描点云数据处理方法探讨

三维激光扫描技术是通过大量密集的扫描点,以模拟形式体现目标实体对象表面丰富的形体信息,不能获取的点云数据直接读取目标对象的矢量化信息,并进行点云数据处理。笔者在工作中,以EPS2008软件平台为基础,利用VBScript脚本进行二次开发,实现了点云数据分层提取、点云线状地物提取、点云特征轮廓提取、点云数据断面提取和点云高程提取等功能。本文针对已经实现的功能进行探讨,指出每种方法的特点和应用范围。     

Study of Distinctive Regional Features of Surface Solar Radiation in North and East China

Solar radiation is an important energy source for plants on the earth and also a major component of the global energy balance.Variations in solar radiation incident at the earth's surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment,including the climate change.To provide useful information for predicting the future climate change in China,distinctive regional features in spatial and temporal variations of the surface solar radiation (SSR) and corresponding attributions (such as cloud and aerosol) are analyzed based on SSR observations and other meteorological measurements in North and East China from 1961 to 2007.Multiple models,such as the plane-parallel radiative transfer model,empirical and statistical models,and corrclation and regrcssion analysis methods are used in the study.The results are given as follows.(1) During 1961-2007,the total SSR in North China went through a process from quickly “dimming” to slowly “dimming”,while in East China,a significant transition from “dimming” to “brightening” occurred.Although there are some differences between thc two regional variation trends,long-term variations in SSR in the two regions are basically consistent with the observation worldwide.(2) Between the 1960s and 1980s,in both North and East China,aerosols played a critical rolc in the radiation dimming.However,after 1989,different variation trends of SSR occurred in North and East China,indicating that aerosols were not the dominant factor.(3) Cloud cover contributed less to the variation of SSR in North China,but was thc major attribution in East China and played a promoting role in the reversal of SSR from dimming to brightening,especially in the “remarkable brightening” period,with its contribution as high as 70％.     

NUMERICAL MODELING OF CUMULUS CLOUD CHEMISTRY—PART Ⅰ.MODEL DEVELOPMENT

A one-dimensional cumulus cloud chemistry model(1CCCM)is developed to simulate cloudphysical processes and chemical processes during the evolution of a convective cloud.The cloudphysical submodel includes a detailed microphysical parameterized scheme of 20 processes.Thechemistry submodel is composed of three parts:gas phase chemistry,aqueous phase chemistry andscavenging of soluble gases.The gas phase reaction mechanism contains 85 reactions among 45species including 13 organics.The aqueous phase reaction mechanism contains 54 reactions among40 species and 12 ion equilibria.Mass of 19 gases is transported between the gas phase and theaqueous phase.With this model,studies may be made to analyze the interactions among processesduring lifetime of a cumulus cloud.     

Oort Cloud Comet Perihelion Asymmetries: Galactic Tide, Shower or Observational Bias?

We investigate the distribution of Oort cloud comet perihelia. The data considered includes comets having orbital elements of the two highest quality classes with original energies designated as new or young. Perihelion directions are determined in galactic, ecliptic and geocentric equatorial coordinates. Asymmetries are detected in the scatter and are studied statistically for evidence of adiabatic galactic tidal dynamics, an impulse-induced shower and observational bias. The only bias detected is the well-known deficiency of observations with perihelion distances q > 2.5 AU. There is no significant evidence of a seasonal dependence. Nor is there a substantive hemispherical bias in either ecliptic or equatorial coordinates. There is evidence for a weak stellar shower previously detected by Biermann which accounts for ≈ 10% of the total observations. Both the q bias and the Biermann star track serve to weaken the evidence for a galactic tidal imprint. Nevertheless, statistically significant asymmetries in galactic latitude and longitude of perihelia remain. A latitude asymmetry is produced by a dominant tidal component perpendicular to the galactic disk. The longitude signal implies that ≈ 20% of new comets need an additional dynamical mechanism. Known disk non-uniformities and an hypothetical bound perturber are discussed as potential explanations. We conclude that the detected dynamical signature of the galactic tide is real and is not an artifact of observational bias, impulsive showers or poor data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.