有机质土对水泥搅拌桩质量的影响探讨

文章以桂林某建设场地为实例,该地基土中有机质含量较高,采用水泥搅拌桩进行地基处理不理想,通过分析有机质土对水泥搅拌桩的影响机理,找出水泥搅拌桩失败的原因,提出了在有机质土地层采用水泥搅拌桩应采取的措施。     

论“太湖冲击坑溅射物”——来自太湖现代沉积物中铁质结核的证据

针对太湖发现由菱铁矿组成的“铁质溅射物”和“贫铁溅射物”是太湖形成于陨石冲击的观点,本文对这些实为铁
质结核样品进行了详细的矿物学、地球化学和年代学测试。数据表明,这些样品是在太湖现代沉积淤泥层中形成的菱铁矿
和褐铁矿结核。结核中含有大量水生植物碎片、植物蛋白石、细菌和少量动物壳体碎片。菱铁矿高温灼烧后全部变成赤铁
矿,说明太湖地区不存在菱铁矿熔融状的高温相。菱铁矿14C测年结果表明各个样品形成于年代,不是瞬间形成的。δ13C 数
据指示为淡水无机碳来源,并非湖区碳酸盐岩直接来源。所谓的“贫铁溅射物”实际是黄土层的成岩钙结核。这些证据表明,
太湖发现的这些结核是沉积成岩期的产物,并非冲击高温溅射熔融形成的溅射物。     

松辽盆地嫩江组白云岩结核的成因及其环境意义

松辽白垩纪陆相盆地嫩江组泥质铁白云岩结核主要呈顺层状产于灰绿色粉砂质泥岩、页岩与介形虫层的互层层序中。其同位素组成δ１３Ｃ（ＰＤＢ）＝１．１０５±２．４，δ１８Ｏ（ＰＤＢ）＝－５．１７４±３．５，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０７８±０．０００５。结核多不切割层理，结核内部具水平纹理。该类结核形成于湖平面快速波动过程中的浅水期，属沉积结核和早期成岩结核，椭圆状外形是碳酸盐同生胶结过程中始终受到上覆泥质沉积物持续压实作用的结果。白云岩为海水－淡水混合成因     

Parametric study of geometrical effects on the degree of bending (DoB) in offshore tubular K-joints under out-of-plane bending loads

In this paper, results of comprehensive finite element (FE) analyses carried out on 81 generated models of tubular K-joints are presented. Results of FE models were verified against experimental data and parametric equations. The fatigue life of a tubular joint, which is commonly found in offshore industry, is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress (HSS), but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). Data extracted from FE analyses was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the DoB values in tubular K-joints subjected to two types of out-of-plane bending (OPB) moment loads. The determination of DoB values in a tubular joint is essential for improving the accuracy of fatigue life estimation using the stress-life (S–N) method and particularly for predicting the fatigue crack growth based on the fracture mechanics (FM) approach. Geometrically parametric investigation was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to develop DoB parametric formulas for the fatigue analysis of K-joints under OPB loadings.     

靖边潜台西侧奥陶系马五4亚段岩相古地理特征

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马五₄亚段是靖边气田重要的天然气勘探层段,目前相关的岩相古地理图多以段和亚段为单位、以盆地为尺度,作图精度不能满足油气勘探开发的需要。以靖边潜台西侧为研究区,根据该区的古地貌特征、标志性矿物（硬）石膏的类型及其环境意义,分马五₄3、马五₄2和马五₄1三个小层开展岩相古地理工作。根据沉积背景和地层等厚图将该区中部厚度较大、地形略陡的区域解释为洼地,将洼地周边厚度较小、地形平缓的区域解释为坪。目的层段（硬）石膏有块状、球状结核和晶体等三种类型,块状硬石膏与暗色泥质藻纹层白云岩互层,代表了一种浅水水下蒸发、间或遭海水漫侵的潮上环境;球状硬石膏结核分散于浅黄色泥粉晶白云岩中,为准同生成因,代表了蒸发、偏氧化、变盐度的潮上环境;石膏晶体相对较少,多为柱状,或与球状硬石膏结核混生,代表的沉积环境与球状硬石膏结核基本相同。块状硬石膏主要分布于洼地中,为潮上带硬石膏洼地,根据硬石膏的含量进一步细分为含块状硬石膏白云岩洼地、块状硬石膏质白云岩洼地和白云质块状硬石膏洼地;球状硬石膏结核及石膏晶体主要分布于古地貌的坪中,结合其局限蒸发潮上带的背景,将其命名为球状硬石膏结核白云岩潮坪。马五₄3、马五₄2和马五₄1的岩相古地理格局基本一致,但从下向上,硬石膏洼地范围逐渐收缩,块状硬石膏的含量也逐渐下降,反映了沉积过程中水体逐渐蒸发变浅的过程。     

Dynamic behaviour of axially pre-loaded tubular steel members of offshore structures subjected to impact damage

The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included.     

Early diagenetic growth of carbonate concretions in the upper Doushantuo Formation in South China and their significance for the assessment of hydrocarbon source rock

Mineralogical and textural characteristics and organic carbon composition of the carbonate concretions from the upper Doushantuo Formation (ca. 551 Ma) in the eastern Yangtze Gorge area reveal their early diagenetic (shallow) growth in organic-rich shale. High organic carbon content (up to 10%) and abundance of framboidal pyrites in the hosting shale suggest an anoxic or euxinic depositional environment. Well-preserved cardhouse clay fabrics in the concretions suggest their formation at 0-3 m burial depth, likely associated with microbial decomposition of organic matter and anaerobic oxidation of methane. Gases through decomposition of organic matter and/or from methanogenesis created bubbles and cavities, and anaerobic methane oxidation at the sulfate reduction zone resulted in carbonate precipitation, filling in bubbles and cavities to form spherical structures of the concretions. Rock pyrolysis analyses show that the carbonate concretions have lower total organic carbon (TOC) content but higher effective carbon than those in the host rocks. This may be caused by enclosed organic matter in pores of the concretions so that organic matter was protected from further modification during deep burial and maintained high hydrocarbon generating potential even in over-matured source rock. As a microbialite sensu latu, concretions have special growth conditions and may provide important information on the microbial activities in depositional and early burial environments.     

基岩固结灌浆技术在台儿庄复线船闸工程中的应用

结合工程实践,详细分析了石灰岩地区基础固结灌浆的处理方法、施工工艺以及质量控制要点,并简单阐述了基岩固结灌浆技术在工程应用中的优点。     

磷块岩结核的显微结构和生成特点

磷酸盐结核主要由磷质凝块、藻类碎屑和纤柱状磷灰石组成。呈特殊的栉壳状结构。结核中的凝块和藻屑与围岩中的氧化硅、粘土是同时在海底沉积的。纤状磷灰石则是在成岩期间从孔隙水中沉淀的。这些磷酸盐结核是由于纤状磷灰石在碱性微环境中不断淀积增长而成。     

冀西北黄土钙质结核形态及其成因动力学特征与地层环境意义

论述了冀西北山间盆地区黄土钙质结核的个体特征及群体分布特点，结合地层的时代划分，总结了钙质结核的地层学意义：中更新统结核个体大，外形多呈块状，内部以均质结构为主，在剖面中常密集成层分布；上更新统结核个体较小，多呈姜状或球状，同心结构居多，分布较稀疏。根据钙质结核在盆地内的空间分布，提出形成钙核的ＣａＣＯ３成分部分可能来自于盆地边缘基岩区，按照结晶动力学原理对钙核的形成过程进行了分析，并在此基础上，对不同特征钙质结核的形成环境进行了讨论。