冬季北太平洋风暴轴垂直结构的变化特征及其与我国极端低温事件的关系

采用NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料,对比分析了冬季垂直尺度上北太平洋风暴轴的时空演变特征,揭示了北太平风暴轴垂直结构具有显著年际变化特征。冬季北太平洋风暴轴垂直结构主要呈现出全区一致、上下反相两种分布型,细分为全区一致增强型、全区一致减弱型、上层增强下层减弱型和上层减弱下层增强型。研究表明:冬季北太平洋风暴轴的垂直结构与我国极端低温事件的关系密切,风暴轴呈全区一致增强(全区一致减弱)型垂直结构时,我国整体区域极端低温频次偏少(多);风暴轴呈上层增强下层减弱(上层减弱下层增强)型垂直结构时,我国东北地区极端低温频次偏多(少),其余地区偏少(多)。     

影响热带气旋路径的敏感性试验与研究

针对热带气旋观测中的敏感区域问题,用数值模拟的方法,以GRAPES-TCM为试验模式,对登陆中国的2个热带气旋“派比安”与“圣帕”进行了敏感性试验,并通过模拟其他4个热带气旋路径对试验结果进行了验证.结果显示,初始场的不确定性导致了热带气旋路径的不确定性,但初始场中涡旋场的变化对路径几乎没有影响,环境场中位于涡旋外、距...     

国家空间地理信息资源的保密管理与开放使用中的几个问题

针对社会公众对国家空间地理信息资源,特别是国家基本比例尺地形图的开放使用与保密问题中的一些模糊认识,从知识产权属性、地形图的生产原理以及在空间地理信息资源共享中应用互联网技术应注意的问题等几个方面予以廓清,并介绍了国家有关方面在国家空间地理信息资源的开放使用与保密管理方面的研究思路。     

On the track keeping and roll reduction of the ship in random waves using different sliding mode controllers

In the paper, an autopilot system composed of sliding mode controller and line-of-sight guidance technique are adopted to navigate the ship in random waves by altering the rudder deflection. Two kinds of sliding mode controller are considered; one is the separate system including sway–yaw control and roll control, the other is the compact system considering sway–roll–yaw control altogether. Both track keeping and roll reduction are accomplished by rudder control and the design parameters of controller are optimized by genetic algorithm. The present simulation results show both the separate controller and the compact controller work quite well, either for track keeping or roll reduction while the ship is sailing in random waves. However, the separate controller is recommended due to its simplicity.     

厦门连续性暴雨天气气候特征

1956～2002年厦门降水资料和相应天气图资料分析结果表明：厦门连续性暴雨天气过程主要产生在台风季和雨季；雨季间连续性暴雨环流背景是500hPa的阻塞形势，分单阻和双阻两型，850hPa形势特征则表现为低涡切变偏南和低空西南急流两型；台风连续性暴雨的台风路径主要有台湾类和南海类两类，所对应的主要登陆地段分别是厦门至福清和厦门至珠江口，500hPa环流形态有台风倒槽、台风后部、槽台迎近和北槽南台4类。     

基于超像素分割与CRF的高分辨率遥感影像变化检测

针对目前高分辨率遥感影像变化检测算法对于光谱变化过敏感问题,本文提出了一种基于超像素分割与条件随机场（CRF）的遥感影像变化检测算法。首先采用空间约束的t混合模型驱动的分割模型,获得同质性超像素块,实现良好的边界附着性和亮度均匀性。然后计算分割得到的双时相影像块之间的特征差异性,获取变化幅度图像。最后利用模糊聚类算法（FCM）对变化幅度图像进行聚类,得到隶属度图像作为CRF一阶势,并利用光谱-空间相似度约束的函数构建CRF二阶势。试验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该方法检测精度可提高5%,错检率和漏检率可降低3%,能较好地应对输入图像的光谱变化,并保持变化检测结果的边缘细节。     

守时系统故障实时诊断

对守时系统故障诊断的基本思想作了阐述,重点介绍了基于VB 6.0开发的守时系统故障自检软件,该软件具有可视化、自动化、智能化等特点.采用类似示波器的图形绘制方法,可以实时显示国家授时中心(NTSC)的时间基准实验室中各钟、授时部工作钟和BPL长波授时信号与NTSC主钟(MC)的比对结果的数据曲线,并对守时系统出现的各种故障,代替维护人员完成异常分析、故障诊断和故障定位任务,自动给出实时的诊断结果,为守时系统故障的快速修复提供依据.     

热带气旋路径强度预报——SAPC法

SAPC——逐段相似气候持续性热带气旋路径、强度预报方法，既考虑了热带气旋的气候持续性规律，又考虑了与现时热带气旋状态特别相似的历史热带气旋路径、强度变化规律，用不同的相似条件和权重，把气候路径、相似路径和持续性路径作了有机的统一。该方法克服了预报路径的大曲率变化，考虑了随时间、地点变化的热带气旋的气候规律，根据热带气旋的现时状态，即可随时制作路径、强度预报。历史资料和实际应用表明该方法有实用价值。     

对0314台风"鸣蝉"的一些讨论

本文应用9月6～11日大环境场资料对0314台风“鸣蝉”的移动过程特点进行了分析；从卫星云图上直观地解释了热带气旋步入中高纬度强度仍维持很强的原因；最后对中央气象台台风路径预报的精确度进行验证。     

Erosion of Access Tracks in Kalamunda National Park,Western Australia: Causes and management implications

Construction of access tracks in national parks and other reserves in the south-west of Western Australia is an essential feature of park management. However, their construction was often carried out with little or no appreciation of soil and slope characteristics and potential erodibility, or the effect of slope and stream sedimentation on terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. This paper reports on the findings of a study carried out in Kalamunda National Park, a small reserve in the Darling Ranges east of Perth. Tracks were surveyed and the extent of erosion and sedimentation measured. Erosion-indicating and erosion-influencing variables were measured. Track alignment angle (to the contour) and track gradient were the two site variables most significantly correlated with measures of erosion severity. The most important upslope (on-track) factor was track length, and the most important upslope (off-track) factor was the abundance of granite outcrops. Seasonal conditions were important, particularly in relation to soils with relatively high clay contents. When wet, these soils were more likely to suffer from surface drainage problems and increased runoff, associated with decreased cohesion. On the other hand, the more common sand-textured soils are generally more erodible when wet. Several management measures are recommended. These fall into three categories: those relating to track closure or realignment (to avoid the most erosion-susceptible sites); those relating to actual track design and maintenance, or site management; and those relating to modification of visitor behaviour .