从“科傻”系统到全能型全站仪

本文扼要介绍了“科傻”系统的组成、由来、特点、功能及应用;汉化全能型全站仪软件包的研制。指出了地面测量工程发展的方向和测量工作所面临的机遇和挑战。     

冷原子荧光法测定近海沉积物中汞含量的不确定度探讨

采用直观的因果图,分析冷原子荧光法测定近海沉积物中汞含量的不确定度影响因素。建立有效的数学模型,对测试过程中不确定度的各个分量进行了分步计算及整体合成,并对评定结果进行了讨论。结果表明,校准曲线、测量标准及仪器性能是冷原子荧光法测定近海沉积物中汞含量不确定度的主要影响因素.     

全球植被叶面积指数对温度和降水的响应研究

利用一套新的遥感信息反演的叶面积指数(LAI)数据和生物气候数据,建立了全球尺度的LAI与降水及温度的总体相关和距平相关,用以揭示全球尺度的植被季节和年际的变化对气候变化的响应特征.结果发现,全球尺度植被与气候因子的季节和年际变化随不同的生态系统差异明显.植被LAI与温度的总体正相关的最大值出现在北半球的中高纬度地区;LAI与降水的总体正相关高值(＞0.8)出现在亚洲东部、北美洲北部腹地和热带非洲北部的Sahel地区;最大的LAI与温度的正距平相关(0.4-0.6)出现在东南亚南部、非洲Sahel地区的南部和巴西东部等热带地区;而从LAI与降水的距平相关来看,最明显的特征是出现在西伯利亚、亚洲北部和北美西北部的强的负距平相关.本文进一步阐明了出现相关特征差异的陆-气过程物理机制.     

软件TTC在高频GPS动态数据处理中的应用

在推导单基站GPS动态定位算法公式的基础上,探讨了应用Trimble Total Control 2.73软件对高频GPS动态数据进行处理分析的方法和流程。对某试验中的GPS数据进行处理,与GrafNav 7.8软件处理结果作了对比分析,给出了Trimble Total Control在高频GPS动态数据处理中的精度。     

Impact of anthropogenic activities on the hydrologic characters of the mainstream of the Tarim River in Xinjiang during the past 50 years

Changes in the hydrologic characters of the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang Province during the past 50 years were studied to identify the key factors responsible for these changes. Observed hydrologic and socio-economic data provided the basis for this study. The impact of human activities on the decrease in the streamflow and changes in total dissolved solids (TDS) in the watercourse and groundwater of the mainstream were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test, regression and principal component analysis. The results showed that during the past 50 years the streamflow in the headwater streams has increased slightly while the streamflow in the mainstream has decreased significantly. Human activities along the mainstream are the primary reason for the decreased streamflow, with the impact of human activities on the decrease in the streamflow of the mainstream being 65.61, 74.73 and 77.62% in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The key factor that affected the TDS of the watercourse was the decreasing streamflow, which was caused by anthropological activities. However, the TDS of the groundwater was found to be affected significantly by groundwater depth. The degeneration of ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was directly related with anthropogenic activities.     

Maximum entropy spectral analysis of total ozone

Total ozone data series for 1957–82 at ten locations were subjected to Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis. Besides the annual, semi-annual, and quasi-biennial oscillations, peaks were noticed at 3.5–4, 6–7, and 10–11 years. For Arosa, Switzerland, for a longer period (1932–71), an additional peak was indicated at about 16 years.     

云南省会泽县金红矿区土壤热释汞测量对比研究及找矿预测

本文通过对标准样品的重量和时间测试实验,在云南会泽县金红铅锌矿区已知剖面开展温度实验,找出土壤热释汞的最佳测试条件,从而排除影响该方法找矿预测的干扰因素,建立一套适合该区土壤热释汞找矿预测的标准方法。利用该方法实验结论,对该区土壤样品做了300℃和650℃两个温度的条件下的平面异常对比,结合该区地质背景分析验证300℃这个温度条件适合于该区土壤样品测试分析,并在此温度条件下对该区进行找矿预测评价。     

Effect of the Entrainment Flux Ratio on the Relationship between Entrainment Rate and Convective Richardson Number

The parameterization of the dimensionless entrainment rate (w _e /w _*) versus the convective Richardson number (Ri _δθ ) is discussed in the framework of a first-order jump model (FOM). A theoretical estimation for the proportionality coefficient in this parameterization, namely, the total entrainment flux ratio, is derived. This states that the total entrainment flux ratio in FOM can be estimated as the ratio of the entrainment zone thickness to the mixed-layer depth, a relationship that is supported by earlier tank experiments, and suggesting that the total entrainment flux ratio should be treated as a variable. Analyses show that the variability of the total entrainment flux ratio is actually the effect of stratification in the free atmosphere on the entrainment process, which should be taken into account in the parameterization. Further examination of data from tank experiments and large-eddy simulations demonstrate that the different power laws for w _e /w _* versus Ri _δθ can be interpreted as the variability of the total entrainment flux ratio. These results indicate that the dimensionless entrainment rate depends not only on the convective Richardson number but also upon the total entrainment flux ratio.     

基于VC++ 6.0实现计算机与全站仪通讯

为解决测量工作中计算机与全站仪的数据通讯问题，在VC^ 6．0中使用串行通讯控件ActiveX实现了计算机与全站仪的数据通讯及生成成图软件所要求的坐标展点格式文件的方法，并给出了较为详细实用的实例程序，可在此基础上进行功能扩充，编写成全站仪和成图软件之间的通用接口软件。     

利用全站仪进行高大建筑物高程基准传递

介绍一种利用全站仪进行高大建筑物精密高程传递测量的新技术。该技术不仅具有简便、快速、高效的特点，而且可以实现平面轴线投测和高程传递一次完成。