Distribution and transport patterns of northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra, larvae in the southeastern Bering Sea

We report the size, abundance, and distribution (horizontal, vertical) of northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra, larvae collected from ichthyoplankton surveys on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf near Unimak Island, in Unimak Pass, and in the Gulf of Alaska south of Unimak Island. The greatest abundances of larvae occurred within Unimak Pass and in the Bering Sea northeast of Unimak Island. Larvae were smaller and more abundant in 2002 than in 2003. Larval abundance and size varied with depth. Highest abundances were at depths of 10-30 m during the day, and larger fish appeared to migrate from below 20 m to 0-10 m at night. There was evidence of multiple spawning locales and larval dispersal pathways that were depth- and area-specific. Northern rock sole larvae spawned west of Unimak Pass along the Aleutian Islands may be transported northward by the Bering Slope Current. Larvae spawned in the Gulf of Alaska and advected through Unimak Pass are differentially dispersed, primarily to the middle and outer shelves along the 100 m and 200 m isobaths, or along the Alaska Peninsula. Larvae spawned along the Alaska Peninsula east of Unimak Island appear to have the greatest chance of being transported to nursery areas in the coastal domain. Dispersal of near-surface northern rock sole larvae in any of these locations is likely influenced by wind-driven advection, but below-surface (>10 m) northern rock sole larval transport is probably more affected by factors that modulate geostrophic flow rather than wind-driven surface currents.     

Petrological evidence for stepwise accretion of metamorphic soles during subduction infancy (Semail ophiolite,Oman and UAE)

Metamorphic soles are tectonic slices welded beneath most large‐scale ophiolites. These slivers of oceanic crust metamorphosed up to granulite facies conditions are interpreted as forming during the first million years of intraoceanic subduction following heat transfer from the incipient mantle wedge towards the top of the subducting plate. This study reappraises the formation of metamorphic soles through detailed field and petrological work on three key sections from the Semail ophiolite (Oman and United Arab Emirates). Based on thermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling, it is shown that metamorphic soles do not record a continuous temperature gradient, as expected from simple heating by the upper plate or by shear heating as proposed in previous studies. The upper, high‐T metamorphic sole is subdivided in at least two units, testifying to the stepwise formation, detachment and accretion of successive slices from the down‐going slab to the mylonitic base of the ophiolite. Estimated peak pressure–temperature conditions through the metamorphic sole, from top to bottom, are 850°C and 1 GPa, 725°C and 0.8 GPa and 530°C and 0.5 GPa. These estimates appear constant within each unit but differing between units by 100–200°C and ~0.2 GPa. Despite being separated by hundreds of kilometres below the Semail ophiolite and having contrasting locations with respect to the ridge axis position, metamorphic soles show no evidence for significant petrological variations along strike. These constraints allow us to refine the tectonic–petrological model for the genesis of metamorphic soles, formed via the stepwise stacking of several homogeneous slivers of oceanic crust and its sedimentary cover. Metamorphic soles result not so much from downward heat transfer (ironing effect) as from progressive metamorphism during strain localization and cooling of the plate interface. The successive thrusts originate from rheological contrasts between the sole, initially the top of the subducting slab, and the peridotite above as the plate interface progressively cools. These findings have implications for the thickness, the scale and the coupling state at the plate interface during the early history of subduction/obduction systems.     

半滑舌鳎3个形态性状与体质量的相关及通径分析

为了深入认识半滑舌鳎形态性状与体质量之间的关系,本研究使用831尾12月龄左右半滑舌鳎个体的体质量[BM(g)]和形态性状,包括全长[TL(cm)]、体高[BH(cm)]、体厚[BW(cm)],通过模型拟合筛选获得能够反映雌、雄性个体各个形态性状与体质量关系的最佳模型。建立了以形态性状为自变量、体质量作为因变量的回归方程,并计算了直接、间接通径系数和决定系数。模型拟合结果显示,雌、雄个体全长、体高和体厚与体质量的最优拟合模型都为幂函数曲线模型,雌性个体3个形态性状与体质量的最优模型分别为:y⌒=0.004x3.090、y⌒=0.382x2.983、y⌒=61.912x2.461;雄性个体的3个最优模型公式依次为:y⌒=0.005x3.003、y⌒=0.300x3.147、y⌒=57.681x2.156。通径分析结果显示,雌性个体中体高对体质量的直接影响最大,通径系数为0.535,而雄性个体全长对体质量的直接作用最大,通径系数为0.407。雌、雄个体的3个形态性状对体质量都有极显著的直接作用,其最优多元回归方程:雌性为BM=-88.530+1.297 TL+15.862 BH+39.021 BW;雄性为BM=-71.579+2.587TL+7.351 BH+35.595 BW。     

对流输运在TOI断裂形成等离子体云块中的作用研究

极盖等离子体云块是极区电离层常见特征之一,其形成演化过程是当前重要研究课题.光电离高密度等离子体在对流输送作用下从日侧穿过极隙,通过极盖到达夜侧,已成为共识.日侧磁场重联作用下的极区对流输运过程,在舌状等离子体结构（TOI）"断裂"形成极盖等离子体云块中发挥重要作用.利用极区全域GPS/TEC观测数据,结合SuperDARN雷达实测的对流速度,对等离子体云块形成过程进行案例研究,重点分析两种TOI断裂形成等离子体云块的发生机制.研究结果显示,等离子体对流输运过程在TOI断裂形成等离子体云块过程中发挥关键性作用,对流形态或局部对流速度矢量急剧变化都可能导致TOI结构不稳定,使TOI结构断裂形成等离子体云块.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘中生代延长组浊流沉积的发现与意义

作者在鄂尔多斯盆地东缘发现了一套典型的浊积岩系．在露头剖面上连续发育的厚约２０ｍ的浊流沉积可划分为６４个鲍玛层序，既广泛发育有代表浊流沉积特征的递交砂和多种底痕构造，又有Ｔａ—Ｔｅ都发育的典型层序，在层序组合上呈周期性变化。浊流沉积形成于晚三叠世，其上被下侏罗统富县组和中侏罗统延安组所覆，与邻区对比，其间缺少一套三角洲前缘及三角洲平原沉积．表明印支运动使鄂尔多斯盆地抬升造成差异剥蚀和在深水－半深水湖盆条件下与三角洲发育有关的浊流沉积类型出现的广泛性．     

半滑舌鳎gata5基因的克隆及表达分析

【目的】研究半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossussemilaevis)gata5基因(csgata5)的序列特征及该基因在半滑舌鳎性腺分化、成熟过程中的表达模式。【方法】通过克隆获得csgata5编码区序列,利用荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法检测csgata5 mRNA在不同类型性腺、胚胎和性腺发育中的表达模式,借助原位杂交技术定位csgata5 mRNA表达的细胞类型。【结果】克隆获得csgata5 cDNA序列1 777 bp,包含1 167 bp的编码区(Coding sequence,CDS),262 bp的5′UTR和348 bp的3′UTR区,预测csgata5编码388个氨基酸残基(aa),分子质量为41.9 ku,等电点为8.90,在C端含有两个典型的GATA锌指结构域;基因组分析显示csgata5位于半滑舌鳎10号染色体上,包含7个外显子和6个内含子区。RT-qPCR分析显示csgata5 mRNA在2龄雄鱼和伪雄鱼精巢中表达高于卵巢;csgata5m RNA主要定位在卵母细胞、精原细胞和精子中。胚胎发育过程中,csgata5m RNA表达在1细胞期至囊胚期呈下降趋势,之后上升,至原肠胚期达到峰值,随后降低并维持较低水平至孵化出膜。在精巢发育过程中,csgata5m RNA表达水平呈升高趋势,在1龄达到检测的峰值;在卵巢发育过程中,csgata5m RNA表达趋势类似精巢,表达水平低于同期精巢。【结论】csgata5参与半滑舌鳎原肠胚期的组织器官分化,具有促进原始生殖细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化及雄性生殖细胞发育的作用。     

长江口水域四种鱼类的耳石微化学研究

利用X-射线电子探针微区技术(electron probe microanalysis, EPMA),对长江口不同水域中捕获的焦氏舌鳎、皮氏叫姑鱼、鮸鱼和光泽黄颡鱼耳石中的Sr含量进行耳石微化学研究,结果发现,焦氏舌鳎是典型的海水鱼类,不仅Sr:Ca比(按惯例标准化为Sr:Ca×10~3)的移动平均值高(7),而且Sr含量面分析图亦呈现为对应高盐度海水的黄色或红色图谱。虽然皮氏叫姑鱼和鮸鱼从出生直至被捕Sr:Ca比的移动平均值都在3—7间波动,总体上属河口半咸水栖息鱼类,但从Sr含量面分析图来看,皮氏叫姑鱼生活史履历更为复杂,可包括淡水(对应蓝色图谱)和半咸水生境(对应绿色图谱);而鮸鱼仅在长江口较高盐度半咸水或海水生境中活动,未见进入过淡水的履历。光泽黄颡鱼表现出仅利用淡水生境的履历,其Sr:Ca比的移动平均值仅在1.5—3间窄幅波动,整个生活史均在淡水区域里活动,表现为长江口典型的淡水栖息鱼类。本研究从新的角度提供了较为客观、直观和最新的信息,用以较为准确地重建和掌握长江口这些不同鱼类的生境利用特征。     

半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）野生与养殖群体遗传多样性的比较研究

采用扩增片段长度多态性技术（AFLP技术）对2个野生和2个养殖的半滑舌鳎群体进行了遗传多样性的比较研究。实验采用8对AFLP引物组合,在四个群体的120个个体中共扩增出498个位点。结果表明,半滑舌鳎养殖群体的遗传多样性降低：河北唐山野生群体和江苏连云港野生群体的多态位点百分数分别为45．18％和39．96％,Nei遗...