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131.
为研究深部回采巷道围岩大变形破坏规律,在地质力学评估及矿压显现特征实测的基础上,采用真三轴相似模拟方法,模拟了不同加载梯度下巷道围岩应变特征。结果显示,在浅埋静水压力条件下,巷道围岩呈现“浅部拉应变、深部零应变”的特征;深埋静水压力及初掘采动应力下巷道围岩出现“径向应变拉压交替分布”现象;当采动应力集中系数大于2时,深埋巷道围岩应变进入非线性大应变状态。采用FLAC3D的应变软化模型与摩尔-库仑模型,对比研究了深部回采巷道围岩位移、塑性区分布规律。结果表明,应变软化条件下,巷道围岩产生拉、压分区破坏且软化后的围岩位移与实测结果更吻合。综合研究结果,揭示了深部回采巷道围岩拉、压分区的产生机制,初步提出了注浆、喷层等措施,防止过度应变软化引起深部回采巷道围岩大变形,为类似巷道稳定性控制提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
132.
The Cu–Co–Ni Texeo mine has been the most important source of Cu in NW Spain since Roman times and now, approximately 40,000 m3 of wastes from mine and metallurgical operations, containing average concentrations of 9,263 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,100 mg kg−1 As, 549 mg kg−1 Co, and 840 mg kg−1 Ni, remain on-site. Since the cessation of the activity, the abandoned works, facilities and waste piles have been posing
a threat to the environment, derived from the release of toxic elements. In order to assess the potential environmental pollution
caused by the mining operations, a sequential sampling strategy was undertaken in wastes, soil, surface and groundwater, and
sediments. First, screening field tools were used to identify hotspots, before defining formal sampling strategies; so, in
the areas where anomalies were detected in a first sampling stage, a second detailed sampling campaign was undertaken. Metal
concentrations in the soils are highly above the local background, reaching up to 9,921 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,373 mg kg−1 As, 685 mg kg−1 Co, and 1,040 mg kg−1 Ni, among others. Copper concentrations downstream of the mine works reach values up to 1,869 μg l−1 and 240 mg kg−1 in surface water and stream sediments, respectively. Computer-based risk assessment for the site gives a carcinogenic risk
associated with the presence of As in surface waters and soils, and a health risk for long exposures; so, trigger levels of
these elements are high enough to warrant further investigation. 相似文献
133.
134.
河北邯邢铁矿区矿山环境生态地球化学评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在河北邯邢西石门及周边铁矿区系统地采集了各类生态环境地球化学样品,包括土壤(n=242)、玉米(n=110)、地表水(n=37)、地下水(n=31)和水系沉积物(n=81)。通过对矿区各样品元素含量特征和元素富集程度的研究,利用区域地球化学基准值和地质累积指数定量评价了矿山污染扰动程度。研究表明,矿区土壤、玉米、地表水、地下水、水系沉积物中相对富集较高的与成矿作用有关的元素及主要的伴生元素,部分重金属元素超标,土壤和水系沉积物中Se、As、Cd、Cu、As、Cd、Cu、Co元素超标,玉米中F、Cr、Cd元素接近食品卫生限值,地表水和地下水部分指标浓度接近三类水质限值。研究表明,造成污染的主要来源是铁矿尾矿沙和煤矸石中的硫化物发生氧化作用,导致重金属淋滤转移,另一来源是燃煤降尘的积聚。 相似文献
135.
Localization of mining-induced horizontal fractures along rock layer interfaces in overburden: field measurements and prediction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
V. Palchik 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(1):68-80
The locations of mining-induced horizontal fractures along rock interfaces in the overburden of Donetsk Coal Basin were identified using an original experimental device. The device traps methane from horizontal fracture zone (100–fold coal seam thickness) over an active longwall mining excavation. Presence or absence of horizontal fractures along rock layer interfaces is correlated with physical characteristics of the overburden, such as thickness, uniaxial compressive strength of overburden rock layers, location of rock layer interfaces and thickness of extracted coal seams. As a result, a combined criterion based on these physical characteristics is proposed to predict the presence of overburden horizontal fracturing in coal mine operations. 相似文献
136.
137.
Michael Hood 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1985,3(2):91-111
Summary A review of the benefits of assisting mechanical tools, notably drag bits, with moderate pressure waterjets suitably directed with respect to the bit is given. These benefits include reduced bit forces, especially the bit normal force, reduced bit wear, reduced dust make, and reduced incidence of frictional sparking. The research work that has been conducted to date to investigate this phenomenon has been empirical in nature. Experiments are described that extend the data bank of this empirical knowledge. In addition, experiments aimed at gaining a better understanding of the fundamentals of the rock fragmentation process with this hybrid cutting method are outlined.Results from the first of these experimental series are used to make recommendations as to the position of the jet with respect to the bit, the stand-off distance between the nozzle exit and the bit/rock interface, and the jet energy. In addition, preliminary findings are reported regarding the increase necessary in the jet energy when the bit velocity is increased. Results from the second test series are discussed in the context of rock fracture behaviour induced by mechanical bits acting alone. The likely influence of waterjets on these fracture processes is analysed. It is concluded that, in terms of the bit force reductions, a dominant influence of the jets when used in conjunction with sharp drag bits, is continuous removal of the rock debris that forms ahead of the advancing bit. The observed reductions in bit wear and incidence of frictional sparking are attributed to reduced heat loading of the bit during the cutting operation. Reductions in the dust make are attributed to effective wetting of the fine rock particles before they become entrained in the airstream. 相似文献
138.
纽蒙特矿业公司是世界上人于南非的著名的黄金勘探。生产企业、集采、逸、冶、科、工、贸于一身,从该公司海外开拓、生产与勘探的关系,环境保护意识及勘探和科研费用投入4个方面介绍了其发展史及成功的基本要素。 相似文献
139.
140.
A. Wahab Khair 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1985,3(4):243-259
Summary This paper presents an analysis of causes of bump in a deep coal mine. The analysis consists of in-mine measurement determination, analysis of physical and mechanical properties of mine materials and simulation of mine layout and mining sequence. Major factors contributing to the causes of bump have been reviewed and those that are related to this case have been identified and simulated analytically using a three-dimensional finite element method. 相似文献