GPS网数据处理几个问题

本文指出在GPS网平差中有关精度评定、权的确定以及坐标转换所产生的控制点间隙等存在问题，供研究讨论。     

China Digital Ocean Prototype System

Abstract

Digital Ocean is a new research domain of Digital Earth. Because of the spatio-temporal, three-dimensional (3D) and intrinsically dynamic nature of ocean data, it is more difficult to make a breakthrough in this domain. The construction of the China Digital Ocean Prototype System (CDOPS) pushes Digital Ocean a step forward from its operation as a mere concept to its achievement as a realistic system. In this paper, the technical framework of the CDOPS is discussed, including its data, function, and application layers. Then, two key technologies are studied in detail that will enable the construction of the 3D ocean environment and the visualization of the ocean model output data. Practical demonstrations show that the CDOPS provides a technical reference for the development of Digital Ocean. This paper is based on an ongoing research project of the development of CDOPS that aims at the facilitation, integration, sharing, accessing, visualization, and use of the ocean data and model computing data from the Digital Earth perspective.     

Applications of generalized additive model (GAM) to satellite-derived variables and fishery data for prediction of fishery resources distributions in the Arabian Sea

This study aims to illustrate how remotely sensed oceanic variables and fishing operations data can be used to predict suitable habitat of fishery resources in Geographic Information System. We used sea surface height anomaly (SSHa), sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll concentration (CC), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and fishing depth as predictor variables. Fishery data of Indian squid (Loligo spp.) and catfish (Tachysurus spp.) for study period (1998–2004) were segregated randomly to create training and validation. Catch was normalized into Catch per unit Effort (kg h^?1). Generalized additive modelling was performed on training data and then tested on validation data. Suitable ranges of SST, CC, SSHa and PAR for different species distributions were derived and integrated to predict their spatial distributions. Results indicated good match between predicted and actual catch. Monthly probability maps of predicted habitat areas coincide with high catch of the particular month for the study period.     

Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France

In this paper we examine OTL displacements detected by GPS stations of a dedicated campaign and validate ocean tide models. Our area of study is the continental shelf of Brittany and Cotentin in France. Brittany is one of the few places in the world where tides provoke loading displacements of ∼10–12 cm vertically and a few cm horizontally. Ocean tide models suffer from important discrepancies in this region. Seven global and regional ocean tide models were tested: FES2004 corrected for K2, TPXO.7.0, TPXO.6.2, GOT00.2, CSR4.0, NAO.99b and the most recent regional grids of the North East Atlantic (NEA2004). These gridded amplitudes and phases of ocean tides were convolved in order to get the predicted OTL displacements using two different algorithms. Data over a period of 3.5 months of 8 GPS campaign stations located on the north coast of Brittany are used, in order to evaluate the geographical distribution of the OTL effect. We have modified and implemented new algorithms in our GPS software, GINS 7.1. GPS OTL constituents are estimated based on 1-day batch solutions. We compare the observed GPS OTL constituents of M₂, S₂, N₂ and K₁ waves with the selected ocean tide models on global and regional grids. Large phase-lag and amplitude discrepancies over 20° and 1.5 cm in the vertical direction in the semi-diurnal band of M₂ between predictions and GPS/models are detected in the Bay of Mont St-Michel. From a least squares spectral analysis of the GPS time-series, significant harmonic peaks in the integer multiples of the orbital periods of the GPS satellites are observed, indicating the existence of multipath effects in the GPS OTL constituents. The GPS OTL observations agree best with FES2004, NEA2004, GOT00.2 and CSR4.0 tide models.     

任意色阶区间精细选区创建方法初探

在通道中利用“阂值”命令创建选择X-255。在通道混合中创建任意色阶区间选择X1～X2。利用通道混合“减去”模式中“缩放”“补偿值”实现深度自由选择。     

北京市地铁暗挖施工沉降控制探讨

仅以北京市地铁4#线张自忠车站主体暗挖施工的沉降监控项目为研究背景,对穿越城市主干道的车站结构暗挖施工进行连续性的沉降变形监测;从地下构筑物暗挖施工的工序变化与地表沉降的关系进行试验研究.在预测基础上对获取的数据进行多层次的统计与分析,以研究其变形规律与稳定性,实现了信息化施工.     

Normalized algorithm for mapping and dating forest disturbances and regrowth for the United States

Forest disturbances such as harvesting, wildfire and insect infestation are critical ecosystem processes affecting the carbon cycle. Because carbon dynamics are related to time since disturbance, forest stand age that can be used as a surrogate for major clear-cut/fire disturbance information has recently been recognized as an important input to forest carbon cycle models for improving prediction accuracy. In this study, forest disturbances in the USA for the period of ∼1990–2000 were mapped using 400+ pairs of re-sampled Landsat TM/ETM scenes in 500m resolution, which were provided by the Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System project. The detected disturbances were then separated into two five-year age groups, facilitated by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, which was used to calculate the area of forest regeneration for each county in the USA.     

基于规则格网数据断面极值法的一种改进方法

在研究基于规则格网数据地形特征提取过程中,主要有断面极值法和流水模拟法.在断面极值法中,针对传统断面极值法生成的特征线存在零碎、并行交叉等缺点,我们改进了传统的局部断面极值法,在特征线连接过程中增加了“将特征点邻域内其它候选特征点设置为已被引用、根据特征线长度与范围阈值筛选特征线“等条件,以克服生成的特征线存在的零碎和并行交叉问题.     

基于SRTM-DEM的阿尔泰山构造地貌特征分析

基于美国SRTM-DEM数据，利用彩色晕染、密度分割与GIS空间统计分析等技术，并结合地质资料，通过地形高程、地表坡度 及地形剖面等分析手段，对阿尔泰山的构造地貌特征进行初步分析。研究表明，阿尔泰山脉平均海拔约1 790 m，平均坡度约21° ，其高海拔与高坡度的现代地貌特征，主要与强烈的断裂构造活动有关； 山脉严格受到以北西向为主的断裂构造活动的影响与控 制，其发育的构造地貌单元基本上呈北西走向特征； 山脉阶梯状地貌特征明显，共发育5级剥夷面，不同级剥夷面所处的海拔不一 样，同级剥夷面具有东北侧高于西南侧，山脉东、中段高于西段的特点。     

基于Web GIS的上海数字农业集成系统

上海农业集成系统是基于JZ地理信息系统软件(精准农业信息公司开发的一套基于Web发布的地理信息系统发布引擎)开发的一套BS架构的农业系统。该平台采用了ASP.NET技术、SQL Server数据库管理技术以及地图发布引擎(JZ地图引擎)等技术,将传感器采集到的实时数据发布到网上,使各种不同目的的客户能够及时了解、分析和处理数据,并根据数据的实际情况及时应对农作物生长过程中的不良状态。本文对该平台的关键技术、数据管理、功能模块和安装步骤等方面作了详细的介绍。