Stress Analysis of Spatial Non-Concurrent Tubular Joints

The formulations of analytic-numerical method for the stress analysis of non-concurrent spatial tubular joints are introduced in the paper. The spatial DT joints with different eccentricity in the vertical diametrical plane of chord are computed. Finally the influence of eccentricity on the stress at possible hot spots is discussed.     

Some parameters in arctic sea ice dynamics from an expedition in the summer of 2003

1Introduction Seaiceoccupiesthemainpartofthesurfaceof theArcticOcean.ThefocusoftheSecondChineseNa- tionalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINAE-2003) wastounderstandthevariationsofarcticmarineenvi- ronmentsandtheseaiceeffectsontheclimatechanges ofglobalextent,inmiddleandlowerlatitudesareas, especiallyinChina.Therefore,thejointsea-ice-airob- servationforseaicestudieswasoneofthekeypro- jectsinCHINARE-2003.Theinvestigatedareacov- ered3000kmfromsouthtonorthand900kmfrom westtoeast.Seventemporali…     

Concentration level of dissolved cadmium and its variation in surface seawater of Urasoko Bay,Ishigaki Island

From April 2005 to March 2006, the concentration of dissolved cadmium (Cd) was monitored in the surface seawater of Urasoko Bay, which is in a subtropical area of the North Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by a well-developed fringing reef. During this period, the observed salinity and Cd concentrations varied in a range of approximately 16–34.5 and 4.8–77.8 pM, respectively. The concentration range of Cd obtained in this study was considered to be too low to damage the coral species, and its variation throughout the year did not show any seasonality and was not connected with climate data. The Cd-salinity plot for all the data in the salinity range over 26 showed apparent non-conservative behavior, which suggests a possible irregular input of Cd from a solid phase through streams and groundwater, release from bottom sediments, and atmospheric deposition into the bay.     

基于减小叶片水分影响的湿地芦苇氮浓度高光谱反演研究

以盘锦双台河口湿地国家级自然保护区作为研究区,采用基于bootstrap的偏最小二乘回归模型（PLSR）,分别构建不同光谱变换技术（包括光谱水分影响减小技术WR、包络线去除CR、光谱一阶微分FD、光谱倒数的对数LR）和原光谱数据（R）的芦苇叶片氮浓度预测模型。使用变量投影重要性指标VIP,计算了各光谱波段在估算芦苇叶片氮浓度时的重要性。研究结果表明,WR光谱变换技术的芦苇叶片氮浓度估算精度最高（R²=0.87,均方根误差=0.57）,该方法可以有效减小叶片水分的影响,增强鲜叶片光谱中细微的氮吸收特征。     

中国低碳城市评价与空间格局分析

城市是人类生产和消费活动最为集中的区域,带来了大量的能源消耗和碳排放,低碳城市受到国内外学者广泛探讨。本文从低碳开发、低碳经济、低碳环境、城市规模与能源消耗5个方面22个指标构建了低碳城市评价体系,引入遥感影像中的DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据集与PM2.5浓度反演影像;利用因子分析、聚类分析及空间相关性分析,将2006年及2010年284个地级及以上城市按照低碳水平分为低碳、相对低碳、相对高碳、高碳四类城市;根据驱动力分为环境主导型、居民主导型、城镇化主导型及产业主导型四种城市类型;空间上识别出京津冀、长三角、山东省及珠三角地区具有低碳城市发展集聚效应;低碳城市发展水平受城市行政等级、产业转型等因素影响。     

西藏驱龙-甲玛-邦铺铜矿集区铅同位素地球化学示踪研究

驱龙-甲玛-邦铺铜多金属矿集区是西藏冈底斯成矿带上的重要矿集区,铜资源量超过1500万吨。前人研究认为三个矿床成矿物质来源于岩浆,但未讨论不同时代、不同矿化的岩浆岩铅同位素与矿石铅同位素组成的关系,并缺乏从矿集区尺度来分析。本文通过分析已发表的矿石、岩浆岩和地层铅同位素数据,认为驱龙、甲玛、邦铺矿床矿石铅与中新世含矿斑岩铅同位素特征基本一致,区别于与成矿无关的岩浆岩铅同位素组成。空间上,从南西的驱龙,至甲玛,至北东的邦铺,成矿年龄从老到新,铅同位素演化规律明显,放射成因铅递增(矿石²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb平均值18.521→18.644→18.684)。这种铅同位素地球化学特征不仅指示了成矿物质来自岩浆,并可区分与成矿有关和无关的岩浆岩,同时指示了成矿期岩浆岩与成矿关系的密切程度。     

Using total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity as proxies for evaluation of metal transport in river water

The present study was carried out in Haraz basin (Iran) that is located in south of the Caspian Sea. The goal of this study was to establish correlations amongst total suspended solids concentration (TSS) and turbidity with total pollutant concentrations to evaluate the dissolved and particle-bound concentrations of major toxic metals. It also aimed to validate TSS and/or turbidity measurements as proxies to monitor pollutant fluxes. Eight metals, namely nickel, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, cobalt, arsenic and strontium were analyzed for dissolved and total concentrations in water at ten locations within the catchment. TSS and turbidity were also measured. Sampling campaigns were designed to cover both the rainy (December) and the dry (May) season within the basin. The robust relationship between TSS (202–1212 mg/l) and turbidity (63–501 NTUs) in both seasons warranted their interchangeable potential as proxies within the observed ranges. Total element concentrations were plotted in separate attempts versus TSS and turbidity for all locations and both events. Very good linear correlations were attained where the slopes represent the metals concentration on suspended solids and the intercept the dissolved concentration in water. The results achieved by these linear regressions were in very good agreement with independently measured values for dissolved concentration and concentrations on river bed sediments taken at the same locations. This demonstrates that turbidity and/or TSS measurements may be used for monitoring of metal loads if once calibrated against total concentration of metals. The results also revealed that in the lower Haraz catchment metal concentrations on suspended and river bed sediment were homogeneously distributed along the investigated river stretch. This is assumed to be due to intensive gravel and sand mining activities in the upper and middle part of the catchment.     

东中国海表层悬浮体浓度卫星遥感反演研究进展

用卫星遥感手段反演海洋表层悬浮体浓度(Suspended Sediment Concentration,SSC)来研究其分布和输运的方法已经被广泛使用。东中国海属于水文和光学性质较为复杂的二类水体,表层悬浮体浓度的分布规律和水体的固有光学特性时空变化大,增加了遥感研究的难度。在对前人的研究进行比较和总结后发现,根据实测SSC数据对不同区域、不同时间段(季节、潮汐周期)建立分段模型可以提高整体反演精度。在选择参与反演的波段时,河口和近岸等高SSC海域以及远岸低SSC海域有各自不同的最优波段组合。高SSC海域常使用水体反射率第二反射峰、第一反射峰前波段作正比波段组合参与反演,低SSC海域常使用水体反射率第一峰波段作正比、峰前波段作反比参与反演。同时,在反演模型中考虑泥沙粒径的影响可以显著提升反演精度,并且也有可能在浅海区突破现有遥感研究手段的水深限制。目前模型精度评价标准使用较为混乱,平均相对误差、平均绝对误差和均方根误差等可以作为综合精度评价指标,模型的稳定性则可以用误差敏感性分析方法验证。高时空分辨率的海色卫星传感器的出现使得海洋短时间尺度事件的研究成为海色遥感研究的趋势之一。     

2013-2014年夏季南极普里兹湾海面反照率走航观测研究

在 2013—2014年南半球夏季时对南极普里兹湾海区的反照率进行了走航观测。利用安装于破冰船船头的高光谱辐照度计测量入射和反射的350—920 nm的太阳短波辐射, 基于此观测数据, 经计算得到了反照率。分析比较不同下垫面的反照率, 通过比较不同航段的观测结果, 得到了反照率的空间变化以及从海冰融化期至冻结初期的变化。不同下垫面的反照率差异较大, 有积雪覆盖的固定冰反照率最大, 有积雪覆盖的浮冰其次, 而积雪融化的浮冰则反照率有所降低。新冰的反照率较低, 有积雪覆盖的新冰反照率迅速增加。比较不同波段的反照率, 发现融化期由于积雪含水量较大, 增加了对近红外辐射的吸收, 降低了该波段的反照率。结合卫星遥感(AMSR-2)和人工观测的海冰密集度, 发现区域平均的反照率主要取决于海冰密集度, 然而也受下垫面物理特征影响, 例如2月底至3月初形成的新冰, 反照率只有老冰的1/3— 1/2。新冰形成, 会直接增加海冰密集度, 但由于其反照率较低, 对空间平均反照率的贡献较小。因此, 若要建立合理的冰水混合区的反照率参数化方案, 必须充分考虑海冰类型和冰面积雪的物理状态, 并考虑反照率的波长依赖性。