中平流层环流转型日期气候及异常特征

利用NCEP/NCAR北半球1958—1997年40a中平流层（10～70 hPa）逐日位势高度场再分析资料,计算出其余弦球函数～YC20的系数A20。根据A20稳定由负转正的日期,确定了中平流层各层环流由气旋型转换为反气旋型的日期。结果表明：1）由冬入夏,20 hPa环流最先由气旋型转换为反气旋型,平均为4月24日;6月17日向下传播到70hPa,历时54d,此时整个中平流层进入盛夏。2）50、70hPa环流转型日期具有明显的年代际变化特征。分析表明,50、70hPa环流转型日期与低纬平流层纬向风准两年振荡存在显著正相关关系。     

超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果

低渗-超低渗透率测量是流体渗流力学和岩石物理学研究领域的热点问题.断层带流体输运的定量化研究对于了解断层的力学性质和预测地下流体的流动具有重要意义.文中介绍了新研制的超低渗透率测量系统和工作原理.这套设备使用稳态法和目前逐渐流行的孔隙压力振荡法进行测量,其孔隙流体为蒸馏水和氮气,最高围压可达200M Pa,孔隙压上限为...     

INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS IN ASIA TO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION IN BOREAL SUMMER: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS FOR ACTIVE AND INACTIVE YEARS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

Comparative analysis is carried out by using finite-domain power spectrum and lagged regression methods for the propagating characteristics and air-sea interaction processes of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in the Asia to western Pacific (AWP) region during the boreal summer between the active and inactive tropical cyclone (TC) years from 1979 to 2004.The results show as follows.(1) There exist more significant eastward propagating characteristics of the ISO in the active TC years over the whole AWP region.The ISOs of convection propagate zonally with more eastward extension in the years with active tropical cyclone activities,during which the 20-60-day period is strengthened,western Pacific becomes an area with evident characteristics of the propagation that is closely related to TC activities.(2) The air-sea interaction processes are the same in both active and inactive TC years,and the energy exchanges between the air and the sea play a role in maintaining the northwestward propagation of ISOs.(3) The air-sea interaction is more intensive in the active TC years than in the inactive ones.It is particularly true for the latent heat release by condensation as the result of convection,which may be one of the reasons resulting in significant differences in characteristics of ISOs between the active and inactive TC years.     

地震和潮汐对气候波动变化的影响

2004年12月26日印尼地震海啸后,全球低温冻害和暴雪灾害频繁发生."潮汐调温说"和"深海巨震降温说"是一种合理的解释.根据"潮汐调温说"和"深海巨震降温说"理论,2005年以后全球气温将因为地震海啸和强潮汐南北震荡而降低.2009年11月至2010年1月低温暴雪袭击北半球,西方科学家也承认2000～2010年气候的...     

北太平洋涡旋振荡研究进展

从观测事实和动力机制两方面,对近年发现的新的气候模态——北太平洋涡旋振荡（NPGO）的研究成果进行系统总结。NPGO的空间结构表现为北太平洋上海表高度异常（SSHA）的正负中心呈南北偶极子分布,当NPGO位于正位相时,南北涡流都加强,这种加强是由风应力旋度及风生涌流所驱动的。关于NPGO的机制研究发现,NPGO是中纬太...     

Surface gravity wave interaction with elastic bottom

In the present paper, a hydroelastic model is developed to deal with surface gravity wave interaction with an elastic bed based on the small amplitude water wave theory and plate deflection in finite water depth. The elastic bottom bed is modelled as a thin elastic plate and is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. The wave characteristics in the presence of the elastic bed is analyzed in both the cases of deep and shallow water waves. Further, the linearized long wave equation is generalized to include bottom flexibility. A generalized expansion formula for the velocity potential is derived to deal with the boundary value problems associated with surface gravity waves having an elastic bed. The utility of the expansion formula is illustrated by demonstrating specific physical problems which will play significant role in the analysis of wave structure interaction problems. Behavior of the wave spectra are discussed in the case of closed basin having a free surface and an elastic bottom topography.     

热带海气相互作用对大气BSISO年际振荡的影响

利用卫星观测OLR资料以及海气耦合数值模拟试验结果,从每年波-频分析结果提取了各种传播模态的强度指数序列,分析了热带北半球夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)各种传播模态的年际变化谱特征,探讨了热带各海区海气相互作用对其影响。主要结果如下:赤道外西传波和印度洋北传波以准2 a为显著振荡周期,赤道东传波、南海北传波和西太平洋北传波则都包含准2 a和准5 a两种周期,南海北传波是5种指数中惟一以准5 a为最主要周期振荡的模态。热带印度洋、西太平洋、东太平洋各海区海气相互作用对各指数准2 a振荡、准5 a振荡既有加强作用,也有削弱作用。各海区比较而言,对赤道东传波准2 a和准5 a振荡、南海北传波准2 a和准5 a振荡起最大加强作用的是西太平洋海区海气相互作用;对赤道外西传波准2 a振荡、西太平洋北传波准2 a和准5 a振荡起最大加强作用的是印度洋海区海气相互作用。     

Large-scale experiments on beach profile evolution and surf and swash zone sediment transport induced by long waves,wave groups and random waves

New large-scale laboratory data are presented on the influence of long waves, bichromatic wave groups and random waves on sediment transport in the surf and swash zones. Physical model testing was performed in the large-scale CIEM wave flume at UPC, Barcelona, as part of the SUSCO (swash zone response under grouping storm conditions) experiment in the Hydralab III program (Vicinanza et al., 2010). Fourteen different wave conditions were used, encompassing monochromatic waves, bichromatic wave groups and random waves. The experiments were designed specifically to compare variations in beach profile evolution between monochromatic waves and unsteady waves with the same mean energy flux. Each test commenced with approximately the same initial profile. The monochromatic conditions were perturbed with free long waves, and then subsequently substituted with bichromatic wave groups with different bandwidth and with random waves with varying groupiness. Beach profile measurements were made at half-hourly and hourly intervals, from which net cross-shore transport rates were calculated for the different wave conditions. Pairs of experiments with slightly different bandwidth or wave grouping show very similar net cross-shore sediment transport patterns, giving high confidence to the data set. Consistent with recent small-scale experiments, the data clearly show that in comparison to monochromatic conditions the bichromatic wave groups reduce onshore transport during accretive conditions and increase offshore transport during erosive conditions. The random waves have a similar influence to the bichromatic wave groups, promoting offshore transport, in comparison to the monochromatic conditions. The data also indicate that the free long waves promote onshore transport, but the conclusions are more tentative as a result of a few errors in the test schedule and modifications to the setup which reduced testing time. The experiments suggest that the inclusion of long wave and wave group sediment transport is important for improved near-shore morphological modeling of cross-shore beach profile evolution, and they provide a very comprehensive and controlled series of tests for evaluating numerical models. It is suggested that the large change in the beach response between monochromatic conditions and wave group conditions is a result of the increased significant and maximum wave heights in the wave groups, as much as the presence of the forced and free long waves induced by the groupiness. The equilibrium state model concept can provide a heuristic explanation of the influence of the wave groups on the bulk beach profile response if their effective relative fall velocity is larger than that of monochromatic waves with the same incident energy flux.     

2006年广东汛期大气环流场的低频特征

利用2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和广东省86个测站的逐日降水资料,分析了广东汛期降水的大气环流低频特征.结果表明,华南汛期的降水主要有7～20天和60天左右的周期振荡,广东汛期的明显降水过程主要出现在60天左右低频振荡的正位相中,当7～20天振荡与60天左右的低频振荡正位相同相叠加时,广东降水明显增强.前汛期...     

季节内振荡的数值模拟 I. 模拟的自然变率

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)发展的耦合气候系统模式FGOALS 1.0_g控制试验(二氧化碳浓度保持工业革命前的浓度不变,代表无人类活动影响的自然变率)模拟结果,研究了模拟的自然变率下热带季节内振荡(Intraseasonal Oscillation,简称ISO)的基本特征与年际、年代际变化。研究发现,模拟的自然变率下全球ISO主要活跃区与近六十年的实测结果基本接近;ISO主要活跃区的季节变动特征与实际结果基本一致;全球ISO强度冬强、夏弱的季节变化也与实际结果一致;但模拟的ISO强度偏弱与ISO周期不明显。进一步利用控制试验模拟结果研究了模拟的自然变率下热带ISO特征的年际与年代际变化,得出:第一,模拟的自然变率下的热带ISO强度存在明显的年际与年代际变化,低强度指数阶段,全球ISO强度减弱,活跃区范围缩小,高强度指数阶段则相反;并存在季节性差异,冬季不明显,春秋季明显,实测结果有类似结论,但高、低指数似乎与增暖有关。第二,模拟的自然变率下的热带东传或西传ISO能量比值总体来看基本上维持一种平衡状态,不存在上升或下降趋势;与实际状况下的东传相对能量增强、西传相对能量减弱趋势明显不同。