土壤水全时空调控的初步探讨

农业是第一用水大户,有利利用土壤是实现黑龙港地区农业可持续发展的关键,本文分析了黑龙港地区主要作物需水与降水的关系,建立了作物生长条件包气带流动系统的概念,并以此为基础提出了土壤水全时空调控的概念,探讨了土壤水全时空调控的涵义与措施,指出土壤水调控是一系统工程,必须多种措施有机结合,简单介绍了王瞳试验场开展的田间土壤水调控试验成果。     

地下水资源经济管理研究：以昌吉市为例

针对冲洪和扇区水文地质单元,结合中长期用水规划,提出了地下水资源经济管理模型,采用妥协约束法求解多目标规划问题,取得满意效果,为昌吉市水资源管理提供了科学依据。     

遗传算法在非线性地下水经济管理模型中的应用

通常采用基于梯度的数学规划方法求解地下水管理模型,如线性规划和非线性规划。但对于高度非线性、非凸的优化问题,尤其是涉及到经济或环境的地下水管理模型,传统方法难以有效地寻找全局最优解。本文介绍了一种求解非线性地下水资源管理模型的遗传算法,并以山东羊庄盆地分布参数地下水系统非线性管理模型为例,给出了用遗传算法在求解这类问题的一般步骤。结果表明该方法能快速有效地找到全局最优解。     

中国科学院资源环境科学研究工作的创新与发展

１１９９８年工作回顾１９９８年在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央领导下,在实施科教兴国战略和“迎接知识经济时代,建设国家创新体系”的试点工作中,我们全院从事资源环境科学技术研究的同志,从２１世纪中国发展的战略需要和世界科学前沿的前景出发,重新确定科技发展目...     

小型氰化厂的技术管理

本文简述了小型氰化厂的技术管理方法和实际操作过程,应用该方法提高选矿厂的生产技术指标和经济效益。     

农村土地承包经营权流转的法律问题思考

随着农业和农村经济的发展,特别是农业产业化经营的兴起和农村劳动力转移的推进,农村土地承包经营权流转速度明显加快,规模不断扩大。该文论述了我国农村土地承包经营权流转的现状,针对目前农村土地承包经营权流转过程中出现的问题,从现行的法律体系中寻找解决思路,并对现行法律中的不足之处,提出了改良建议。     

Case history of controlling a landslide at Panluo open-pit mine in China

Controlling of landsides safely and economically is a great challenge to mine operators because landslides are major geological problems especially in open-pit mines. In this paper, a case history at Panluo open-pit mine is presented in detail to share the experiences and lessons with mine operators. Panluo open-pit mine is located in the southwestern Fujian province of China. It is the largest open-pit iron mine in the Fujian province and was planned in 1965 and is in full operation from 1978. In July 1990, an earthquake of magnitude 5.3 in Taiwan Strait and big rainstorms impacted the mine slope, causing tension cracks and rather large-scale failures, and forming a U-shaped landslide. Total potential volume was estimated to be up to 1.0 × 10⁶ m³. This directly threatened the mine production. In order to protect the mine production and the dwellers’ safety around, a dynamic comprehensive method was implemented including geotechnical investigations, in-situ testing and monitoring, stability analysis, and many mitigation and preventive measures. These measures slowed down the development and further occurrence of the landslide. The results showed that the landslides were still active, it was slowed with the control measures and moved rapidly with rainfall and mining down. However, no catastrophic accidents occurred and the pit mining was continued till it was closed at the elevation of 887 m in 2000. As a successful case of landslide control at an open-pit mine for 10 years, this paper reports the controlling measures in details. These experiences of landslide control may be beneficial to other similar mines for landslide control.     

Landslide susceptibility and hazard mapping in Australia for land-use planning — with reference to challenges in metropolitan suburbia

This paper provides an overview of the history and current status of landslide susceptibility and hazard mapping for land-use zoning in Australia. It also describes a case study of landslide hazard mapping in a medium density, coastal, suburban residential area of metropolitan Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, with relatively steep terrain. Issues covered include identification and mapping of existing and potential landslides, and susceptibility and hazard zoning for regulatory management and land-use planning. The method involves application of the principles contained within the AGS (2000) guideline, and as updated by the AGS (2007 a,b,c,d,e) suite of guidelines.     

Neoliberalism and natural resource management: Agri-environmental standards and the governing of farming practices

Private standards and certification schemes are widely acknowledged as playing an increasingly important role in agri-environmental governance. While much of the existing research concludes that these mechanisms consolidate the global extension of neoliberalism – enhancing the power of corporate actors to the detriment of smaller producers – we argue that this overlooks the complex ways in which standards are used by governments and farmers in the governing of farming practices. Focusing specifically on a process standard – Environmental Management Systems (EMS) – promoted by the Australian government as a way of verifying the ‘clean and green’ status of agricultural exports, we examine how one regional group of producers has sought to use EMS standards in practice. Our analysis of a case study in the state of Victoria appears to confirm that EMS was a successful instrument for the extension of neoliberal governance, reinforcing the production of neoliberal subjectivities and practices amongst farmer participants and enabling the government to compensate for gaps in environmental provision. However, it would be a mistake to interpret the development of this EMS scheme as an example of naïve farmers manipulated by the state. In practice, farmers used the opportunities provided by government funding to undertake actions which expressed their own agri-environmental values and practices. Establishment of an EMS and associated eco-label enabled producers to demonstrate and extend their capacity to act as good environmental stewards. Our research highlights how the local application of environmental standards negotiates and shapes, rather than simply contributes to, neoliberal rule.     

土地开发整理项目规划设计变更的原因及对策

通过对临沂市部分县区土地开发整理项目规划设计变更实际情况的数据分析,对土地开发整理项目规划设计变更的类型进行了分类介绍,分析土地开发整理项目规划设计变更的主要原因是规划设计与项目区的实际情况脱节,并在此基础上提出了严格控制土地开发整理规划设计变更的对策。