琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响因素

为了探讨琼东南盆地华光凹陷海底天然气水合物稳定带的分布规律,定量研究了静水压力、底水温度、地温梯度和气源组分对水合物稳定带的影响程度。在此基础上,分析了华光凹陷现今甲烷水合物稳定带的厚度分布。最后,综合各因素的历史演化过程,初步探讨了华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带的演化。结果表明:(1)气源组分和海底温度的变化对研究区内水合物稳定带的影响较大;水合物稳定带厚度与海底温度呈良好的线性负相关性。(2)水深超过600 m的海域具备形成天然气水合物的温压条件;超过600 m水深的海域水合物稳定带厚度大部分超过 100 m,其中西北部稳定带的最大厚度超过300 m,是有利的水合物勘探区。(3)华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带厚度经历了快速增厚–窄幅变化–快速减薄和恢复的过程。麻坑群与水合物稳定变化敏感区在空间上具有较好的叠合关系。结合前人的研究成果,推测其形成与天然气水合物的分解释放有关。     

Google地图应用之广东省地区JOPENS地震速报系统

利用Google公司提供的电子地图服务,以B/S结构(即浏览器和服务器结构)作为系统设计架构,监听JOPENS实时系统发送的地震触发消息,访问JOPENS数据库,根据广东省地区的监测要求,制定检索、筛选策略,获取地震详细信息,显示在浏览器网页上.采用Google地图的JOPENS地震速报系统可以使地震信息发布的显示内容...     

沁水煤层气田高阶煤解吸气碳同位素分馏特征及其意义

沁水盆地是我国煤层气勘探开发的重要有利区,沁水煤层气田位于盆地东南部。对采自沁水煤层气田两口井的煤开展了罐解吸实验。结果表明,该地区煤层气解吸速率很快,96 h后解吸气量都达到了总解吸气量的60%~85%,720 h后解吸过程基本结束;解吸气量大,平均在18 m3/t以上。煤层气解吸过程中甲烷发生碳同位素分馏,δ13C1值变化与解吸率呈良好的线性关系,参考这种正相关关系曲线,定期监视煤层气降压排采过程中甲烷δ13C1值的变化情况,可以大致推测出该地区煤层气解吸率,从而预测煤层气的采出程度。跟踪测试沁水煤层气田A1和A1-3井在试采过程的甲烷δ13C1变化情况,推测现在采出的煤层气可能主要是煤层裂隙中以游离形式存在的煤层气,表明该区煤层气稳产性较好,资源前景广阔。     

神狐海域海底峡谷群脊部细粒浊积体分布范围及意义

利用广州海洋地质调查局在南海北部神狐钻探区采集的高分辨率地震数据,结合2007年第一次水合物钻探航次(GMGS01)获取的岩心资料,从宏观地震反射结构、微观岩心粒度特征两个方面对GMGS01区块内残留在峡谷群脊部的细粒浊积体进行特征识别和刻画。研究结果显示,似海底反射(bottom simulating reflectors,BSR)之上存在着2套特征不同的沉积单元,位于下部的沉积单元1表现为薄层杂乱透镜状的地震反射特征,对应于粒度C-M图版中与C=M基线近似平行的含水合物层段的样品,被解释为峡谷群脊部的细粒浊积体。选取穿过神狐海域峡谷群中第16条海底峡谷的8条测线为研究对象,能够揭示沉积单元1(细粒浊积体)自北向南的空间变化特征,从而进行分布范围的确定。神狐海域沉积过程分析表明,峡谷群脊部的细粒浊积体是北部小型水道侵蚀下伏沉积物并发生再搬运和再沉积的结果。利用区域性覆盖的二维地震资料,本次研究确定了小型水道的北部侵蚀边界。综合GMGS01区块细粒浊积体的地震反射特征、穿过神狐海域东部第16号海底峡谷自北向南的地震反射差异、研究区北部小型水道的侵蚀边界,本次研究利用两点确定一线和相似平行的方法,在整个神狐海域初步确定了峡谷群脊部细粒浊积体的分布范围。细粒浊积体沉积边界的识别,将为从深水沉积的角度探讨神狐海域水合物不均匀性分布提供依据,同时也能进一步揭示该区域峡谷群脊部水合物的成藏机制和富集规律。     

Sensitivity assessment of strontium isotope as indicator of polluted groundwater for hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids produced in the Dameigou Shale of Qaidam Basin

Hydrogeochemical processes that would occur in polluted groundwater and aquifer system, may reduce the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the indicator of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids(HFFF) in groundwater. In this paper, the Dameigou shale gas field in the northern Qaidam Basin was taken as the study area, where the hydrogeochemical processes affecting Sr isotope was analysed. Then, the model for Sr isotope in HFFF-polluted groundwater was constructed to assess the sensitivity of Sr isotope as HFFF indicator. The results show that the dissolution can release little Sr to polluted groundwater and cannot affect the εSr(the deviation of the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio) of polluted groundwater. In the meantime, cation exchange can considerably affect Sr composition in the polluted groundwater. The Sr with low εSr is constantly released to groundwater from the solid phase of aquifer media by cation exchange with pollution of Quaternary groundwater by the HFFF and it accounts for 4.6% and 11.0% of Sr in polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. However, the Sr from cation exchange has limited impact on Sr isotope in polluted groundwater. Addition of Sr from cation exchange would only cause a 0.2% and 1.2% decrease in εSr of the polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. These results demonstrate that hydrogeochemical processes have little effect on the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the HFFF indicator in groundwater of the study area. For the scenario of groundwater pollution by HFFF, when the HFFF accounts for 5%(in volume percentage) of the polluted groundwater, the HFFF can result in detectable shifts of εSr(ΔεSr=0.86) in natural groundwater. Therefore, after consideration of hydrogeochemical processes occurred in aquifer with input of the HFFF, Sr isotope is still a sensitive indicator of the Quaternary groundwater pollution by the HFFF produced in the Dameigou shale of Qaidam Basin.     

涪陵江东区块三维水平井优快钻井技术 ——以焦页91平台为例

涪陵二期建产区地质构造比一期更加复杂,目的层埋深更深,水平段倾角变化较大,这些客观因素造成钻井施工困难,钻井周期普遍延长。焦页91平台是部署在二期江东区块西南部的边缘井,地质条件复杂,钻井工程施工难度大。本文深入分析了该平台的第1口井焦页912HF井施工过程中遇到的复杂情况以及造成钻井周期长的主要原因,在后续2口井的施工过程中,针对第1口井出现的问题,采取改进堵漏措施,钻头、螺杆优选,优化井眼轨道,配套提速工具,提高钻井液性能,使用旋转导向工具等技术措施,精细施工,取得了良好的效果,钻头行程和机械钻速大幅提升,钻井周期大大缩短,为涪陵二期江东区块钻井施工提供了经验。     

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组—平湖组深层油气成藏过程

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组和平湖组深层油气资源丰富,是东海陆架盆地勘探开发新领域,受储层差异致密化影响,油气成藏机理复杂。为了厘清西次凹深层油气成藏过程,本文通过流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体所含油气地球化学等实验分析,结合构造演化、地层埋藏史、热史等,开展了系统的储层特征、油气成藏期次、成藏过程研究。结果表明,花港组深层（>4000 m）和平湖组储层均已致密化,溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集孔隙类型;花港组和平湖组均发育两期油气包裹体,早期含油包裹体较多,晚期以天然气包裹体为主,成藏时间分别为龙井运动期和冲绳运动期,以晚期天然气成藏最为关键。包裹体中油气地球化学特征类似,反映生烃母质以高等植物生源为主,低等生物为辅,与平湖组煤系烃源岩特征一致。冲绳运动叠加平湖组生气增压是晚期天然气成藏的主要动力,此时H10段及以上储层未致密化。根据储层致密化与成藏时序匹配关系可将西次凹M构造深层油气藏类型划分为常规型、先成藏后致密型、先致密后成藏型和边成藏边致密型4种。本文成果可为研究区下一步致密砂岩气的勘探开发部署提供重要的理论依据。     

寒武系古流体地球化学特征及其对页岩气保存的指示意义 ——以中扬子地区寒武系页岩气发现井宜地2井为例

保存条件是中扬子地区页岩气富集的关键因素之一，宜地2井是中扬子寒武系页岩气发现井，通过对该井全井段岩芯裂缝古流体的地球化学分析，探讨了寒武系古流体成因和对水井沱组页岩气保存条件的指示意义。结果认为：① 覃家庙组膏岩层之上方解石脉缺少Fe2+、Mn2+，且δ13C和δ18O值较围岩偏负，指示其形成于氧化的环境，石牌组方解石脉δ13C偏负，黄铁矿脉δ34S值与膏盐相似，表明其成因与TSR密切相关；水井沱组脉体δ13C和δ18O与围岩相似，形成于封闭的环境。② 方解石脉包裹体群SO42-、Ca2+、Mg2+含量整体上由覃家庙组向上向下分别递减，钠氯系数以水井沱组最低，整体上向上升高，表明覃家庙组是高盐度卤水的主要来源，水井沱组受外来流体影响弱；包裹体水溶液δD和δ18O也指示娄山关组、石牌组方解石脉成因分别与大气水、TSR相关。③ 古流体地球化学研究表明宜昌地区页岩气保存条件整体较好，页岩气散失的主要通道是垂直裂缝，页岩气保存条件好与膏盐盖层发育、后期构造破坏弱、脉体对裂缝的及时封闭以及白垩系盖层等因素密切相关。     

气相色谱仪单机测试矿物包裹体中的气相成分与精密切换系统设计

用气相色谱法测试矿物包裹体中的气相成份时,难以实现一次性多组分全分析。在采用单机双柱串联方式时,则需要精确的柱间切换,分时操作。显而易见,正确地选择切换时机是实现单机测试的关键。为此,我们设计了一个微机控制的精密切换系统,与普通的气相色谱仪连接后,可以精确地找到切换时间,并实现自动切换。该系统也适用于其它需要分时操作的场合。     

A natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area,northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Natural gas hydrate, oil and gas were all found together in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area, northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. They are closely associated with each other in space, but whether they are in any genetic relations are unknown yet. In this paper, a hydrocarbon gas-generation series, gas-fluid migration series and hydrocarbon gas-accumulation series are analyzed to probe the spatial, temporal and genetic relationships among natural natural gas hydrate, oil and gas. The subsequent results show that natural gas hydrate, oil and gas actually form a natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system. Based on the Middle Jurassic and the Upper Triassic hydrocarbon gas-generation series, it is divided into four major sub-systems in the study area: (1) A conventional Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system with peak hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (2) a conventional Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system with low to mature hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (3) a natural gas hydrate sub-system with main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system and minor gas source from the Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system as well as little gas source from the Middle Jurassic coal-bed gas and the microbial gas; (4) a shallower gas sub-system with microbial alteration of the main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system. This natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system and its sub-systems are not only theoretical but also practical, and thus they will play an important role in the further exploration of natural gas hydrate, oil and gas, even other energy resources in the study area.