Duration and synchroneity of the largest negative carbon isotope excursion on Earth: The Shuram/Wonoka anomaly

Carbonate δ¹³C values provide a useful monitor of changes in the global carbon cycle because they can record the burial ratio of organic to carbonate carbon. The most pronounced isotope excursions in the geologic record occur during the Neoproterozoic and have assumed a central role in the interpretation of biogeochemical events preceding the Ediacaran and Cambrian radiations. The most profound negative carbon isotope excursion is best recorded in the Ediacaran-aged Shuram Formation of Oman and has potential equivalents worldwide including the Wonoka Formation of South Australia and other sections in China, India, Siberia, Canada, Scandinavia and Brazil. All these excursions are less well understood than those in the Phanerozoic because of their unusual magnitude, long duration (> 1 Ma) and the difficulty in correlating Neoproterozoic basins to confirm independently that they do indeed record global change in the mixed ocean reservoir. Alternatively, these δ¹³C anomalies could reflect diachronous diagenetic processes. Currently none of these excursion are firmly time constrained and critical to their interpretation is a coherent reproducibility and synchroneity at the global ocean scale. Here we use available strontium isotope record as an independent chronometer to test the timing and synchroneity of the Shuram δ¹³C and its potential equivalents. The use of the ⁸⁶Sr/⁸⁷Sr ratio allows the reconstruction of a coherent, global δ¹³C record calibrated independently against time. The calibrated δ¹³C curve indicates that the Shuram negative anomaly spans several tens of millions of years and reaches values below −10‰. This carbon isotopic anomaly therefore represents a meaningful oceanographic event that fundamentally challenges our understanding of the carbon cycle as defined in the Phanerozoic.     

Geochemistry,isotopic composition (δO, δH,Sr/Sr,Nd/Nd) in the groundwater of French Guiana as indicators of their origin,interrelations

The current use of untreated river water for drinking purposes by the population of French Guiana has important impacts on public health. Consequently, groundwater is of major importance as a possible alternative drinking water supply to reduce these impacts. Since French Guiana belongs to the Guyana Shield, sustainable water management can be expected to depend increasingly on water from fissured aquifers in hard rocks. Groundwater samples were collected from shallow drill holes in the densely populated coastal area, and deeper wells in the basement (around Cayenne and along the Maroni and Oyapock rivers). This study reports on major and trace elements for which Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ excess with regard to Cl reflect the role of water-rock interaction, as well as Sr and Nd isotopes that reflect the role of the different lithologies. δ¹⁸O and δD in waters give constraints on the water cycle (recharge and evaporation processes).     

反相微乳液法合成棒状纳米碳酸锶

在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)-正己烷-正己醇-水组成的反相微乳液体系中合成纳米棒状碳酸锶。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行表征。研究了反应物浓度、ω(水与表面活性剂CTAB的物质的量之比)值等因素对产物尺寸和形貌的影响,提出了在反相微乳液中棒状纳米碳酸锶的生长机理。     

氯化物中锂离子存在时EDTA质量滴定锶离子含量

锂共存时对EDTA络合滴定Sr2+离子产生较强的干扰,使分析结果偏高。根据被测液中氯化锂的大约含量,通过加入适量混合醇,可消除Li+离子的干扰,质量滴定法相对误差<0.3%。在锂锶质量比为0.100¹4.5范围内,被测样中LiCl质量与加入混合醇体积呈线性关系。混合醇掩蔽体积范围为314.5范围内,被测样中LiCl质量与加入混合醇体积呈线性关系。混合醇掩蔽体积范围为3⁵ mL。根据锂离子与水分子、短链醇形成蔟合物的键能,对消除Li+离子干扰络合滴定的机理进行探讨。     

Larger foraminifera distribution and strontium isotope stratigraphy of the La Cova limestones (Coniacian–Santonian, “Serra del Montsec”, Pyrenees, NE Spain)

The Upper Cretaceous La Cova limestones (southern Pyrenees, Spain) host a rich and diverse larger foraminiferal fauna, which represents the first diversification of K-strategists after the mass extinction at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary.The stratigraphic distribution of the main taxa of larger foraminifera defines two assemblages. The first assemblage is characterised by the first appearance of lacazinids (Pseudolacazina loeblichi) and meandropsinids (Eofallotia simplex), by the large agglutinated Montsechiana montsechiensis, and by several species of complex rotalids (Rotorbinella campaniola, Iberorotalia reicheli, Orbitokhatina wondersmitti and Calcarinella schaubi). The second assemblage is defined by the appearance of Lacazina pyrenaica, Palandrosina taxyae and Martiguesia cyclamminiformis.A late Coniacian-early Santonian age was so far accepted for the La Cova limestones, based on indirect correlation with deep-water facies bearing planktic foraminifers of the Dicarinella concavata zone. Strontium isotope stratigraphy, based on many samples of pristine biotic calcite of rudists and ostreids, indicates that the La Cova limestones span from the early Coniacian to the early-middle Santonian boundary. The first assemblage of larger foraminifera appears very close to the early-middle Coniacian boundary and reaches its full diversity by the middle Coniacian. The originations defining the second assemblage are dated as earliest Santonian: they represent important bioevents to define the Coniacian-Santonian boundary in the shallow-water facies of the South Pyrenean province.By means of the calibration of strontium isotope stratigraphy to the Geological Time Scale, the larger foraminiferal assemblages of the La Cova limestones can be correlated to the standard biozonal scheme of ammonites, planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton. This correlation is a first step toward a larger foraminifera standard biozonation for Upper Cretaceous carbonate platform facies.     

黄土碳酸盐的研究

黄土是过去气候变化研究的重要对象之一。黄土中的碳酸盐则是黄土研究的一个重要内容。黄土碳酸盐的研究涉及了对次生碳酸盐的辨识、碳酸盐的含量、碳酸盐中的碳氧同位素以及碳酸盐的Sr同位素及其它微量元素等内容。对前人在这几个方面的研究作一初步的归纳总结,包括次生碳酸盐的辨识和提取对解释古气候环境有重要意义;碳酸盐的含量可反映出黄土和古土壤之间的不同气候状况;根据碳酸盐中的碳氧同位素则能大体定量得到古温度以及古植被状况进而反映古降水情况;而Sr同位素及其它微量元素则能反映出当时的化学风化程度,指示季风的强弱变化。     

甘肃永登龙泉第三系锶型承压矿泉水分布特征与成因探讨

本文就永登龙泉第三系锶型承压矿泉水的产出条件、分布特征进行了概述,着重对其形成的地质条件和水文地质条件进行了分析,对锶型矿泉水的成因进行了探讨,为寻找同类型矿泉水具有一定借鉴意义     

白云岩埋藏成岩作用过程中的金属元素与同位素再分配规律与受控因素

前人在白云岩岩石地球化学研究过程中注意到,在开放体系下埋藏成岩作用过程中白云石金属元素含量与同位素组成将发生再分配,然而到目前为止还没有系统的理论来解释这一现象。根据化学平衡原理,提出离子半径理论控制白云岩在埋藏过程中的金属元素与同位素组成再分配规律,基本概念为大半径离子含量减少,小半径离子含量升高。根据这一理论,结合Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Sr等+2价离子的离子半径数值得出推论,在埋藏压实成岩作用过程中白云石将向着有序度升高的方向转化,白云石中的Fe、Mn含量升高,Sr含量降低,同位素比值87Sr/86Sr升高。该结论与前人资料有着高度的一致性。     

塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞充填物的地球化学特征及其形成流体分析

塔河地区奥陶系方解石脉和胶结物~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值多高于围岩与同期海水,显示具有外来的、富~(87)Sr的流体的贡献.富~(87)Sr的流体可来自奥陶系抬升时期淡水对碎屑岩的淋滤作用,但也可来自深部的热液流体.不同成因的流体所沉淀的方解石Sr含量具有明显的差异.地层水δD-δ~(18O) 关系证实了存在淡水的混合作用.淡水的混合导致了原油的厌氧生物降解,产生低δ~(34)S的黄铁矿与有机酸;有机酸促进了不整合面附近的岩溶作用.而方解石的均一化温度可达150～190℃,有意义地高于地层所经历的最高温度,支持了存在深部热液流体的活动,说明Sr很可能都来自寒武系或前寒武碎屑岩地层;该热液流体促进了寒武系碳酸盐岩发生热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR),产生H_2S气体和黄铁矿,其δ~(34)S值为18‰～22‰.热液流体的活动,导致了碳酸盐矿物的溶解-再沉淀作用.     

Rare earth element and strontium isotope geochemistry in Dujiali Lake,central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China: Implications for the origin of hydromagnesite deposits

Rare earth element (REE) and strontium isotope data (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) are presented for hydromagnesite and surface waters that were collected from Dujiali Lake in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. The goal of this study is to constrain the solute sources of hydromagnesite deposits in Dujiali Lake. All lake waters from the area exhibit a slight LREE enrichment (average [La/Sm]_PAAS = 1.36), clear Eu anomalies (average [Eu/Eu*]_PAAS = 1.31), and nearly no Ce anomalies. The recharge waters show a flat pattern (average [La/Sm]_PAAS = 1.007), clear Eu anomalies (average [Eu/Eu*] _PAAS = 1.83), and nearly no Ce anomalies (average [Ce/Ce*]_PAAS = 1.016). The REE+Y data of the surface waters indicate the dissolution of ultramafic rock at depth and change in the hydrogeochemical characteristics through fluid-rock interaction. These data also indicate a significant contribution of paleo-groundwater to the formation of hydromagnesite, which most likely acquired REE and Sr signatures from the interaction with ultramafic rocks. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data provide additional insight into the geochemical evolution of waters of the Dujiali Lake indicating that the source of Sr in the hydromagnesite does not directly derive from surface water and may have been influenced by both Mg-rich hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water. Additionally, speciation modeling predicts that carbonate complexes are the most abundant dissolved REE species in surface water. This study provides new insights into the origins of hydromagnesite deposits in Dujiali Lake, and contributes to the understanding of hydromagnesite formation in similar modern and ancient environments on Earth.