吉林省西部沙地与甸子地土壤动物的比较研究

吉林省西部沙地和甸子地典型区土壤动物比较研究表明，沙地大型土壤动物的优势类群数明显多于甸子地，而中小型土壤动物优势类群数则相反。两个生境的稀有类群有明显差异，反映了它们对环境的适应性及指示作用。甸子地的多样性、均匀度指数均高于沙地。     

四川省大熊猫保护区生态环境的地球化学特征

通过对四川5处大熊猫保护区的与动、植物发育有关元素的1:20万化探资料的研究,认为蜂桶沟、卧龙生态环境最好;唐家河、小寨子次之;王朗则是有益和有毒元素并存.总体看保护区的生态地球化学环境是好的,大自然给大熊猫的生长发育提供了较为良好的环境.     

Locating the transgenic landscape: Animal biotechnology and politics of place in Massachusetts

The first major wave in the conflict over modern biotechnologies took place in the United States at the federal level. Biotechnology proponents were able to capture the federal regulatory structure, so today, a second wave of anti-biotech activism focused at the local and state levels is emerging. This article examines what enables or constrains place-based anti-biotech activism through a case study of the conflict over genetically engineered (GE) animals in Massachusetts. I demonstrate how, in spite of a highly visible animal advocacy and anti-GE presence, GE animal proponents have mobilized effective politics of place strategies to suppress local debate by exercising territorial control in relation to two places – the state of Massachusetts as a whole and the animal research laboratory specifically.     

陕西华阴兴乐坊遗址家养动物的饲养模式及对先民肉食资源的贡献

通过动物骨的稳定同位素(C、N)分析,揭示家养动物的饲养模式及对先民肉食资源的贡献,是动物考古研究的重要组成之一.关中地区,是庙底沟文化(约5500年前)的主要核心分布区域之一.目前,对该地区和该时间段内家养动物的饲养模式及对先民肉食资源的贡献,尚缺乏足够的认识.为此,本文对陕西兴乐坊遗址出土动物与人骨开展了C、N稳定同位素分析,并对其中4个猪骨进行AMS-14C测年.同位素数据结果显示:野生动物(獐、青羊、梅花鹿)栖息于C3类的植被环境,家养动物(猪、狗)和人,则主要以C4类为食.3个猪个体的年代为5449~5300 cal.B.P.,而1个猪个体年代偏晚(4089~3985 cal.B.P.),其同位素数据也异于其他个体.结合该遗址的植物考古资料(粟和黍具有高的出土概率),认为:家养动物(猪和狗)饲喂了大量以粟类作物的副产品或者人类的残羹冷炙(粪便).根据食物链从生产者至消费者的同位素分馏效应(δ13 C值约富集1‰,δ15N值约富集3‰~5‰),比较了先民与野生动物以及家养动物的同位素数据,发现先民与猪的δ13 C和 δ15N值的差异最小(0.2‰和1.9‰),这反映了先民的肉食资源应主要源于家猪.家猪的饲养和管理,为庙底沟文化的快速发展奠定了深厚的物质和经济基础.此外,1例梅花鹿角具有偏正的δ13C值(-13.2‰),暗示发达的粟作农业还为先民尝试驯养其他野生动物(如鹿)提供了可能.     

Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea

Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to ~ 20 dB at a frequency of 125 Hz, and ~ 10 dB on average over 10–1000 Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning.     

海洋动物microRNAs研究进展与展望

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小分子非编码RNA,通过特异性结合靶基因,对靶基因转录后表达进行调控。miRNAs参与众多生物学过程并发挥关键调控角色。作者介绍了miRNAs生物合成和作用机制,回顾了近年来海洋动物miRNA研究取得的进展,并阐述了目前已知的miRNA对海洋动物重要生理过程的调控过程和机制,旨在为今后更深入地研究海洋动物miRNA功能提供参考。     

水生动物行为生态学研究进展

水生动物行为生态学是动物行为生态学的重要分支,对理解水生动物的生存行为机制、指导渔业生产和保护濒危水生动物具有重要意义。近年来,随着新型研究技术和手段的出现,水生动物行为生态学在短时间内得到了迅速发展。水生动物行为多种多样,本文主要综述了水生动物行为生态学的研究方法与手段,探讨了水生动物运动行为、摄食行为、繁殖行为和集群行为等方面的研究进展,并展望了水生动物行为生态学的研究与应用前景,以期为水生动物行为生态学研究与应用提供借鉴和参考。     

ArA,EPA和DHA在水生动物中应用的研究进展

ArA,EPA和DHA是水生动物卵巢中卵磷脂、精子中的磷脂酰乙醇胺以及卵母细胞等的主要组成成分,能够影响产卵率、受精率、卵径大小、卵黄囊的体积、孵化率及存活率等,这三种必需脂肪酸在细胞结构、物质代谢和能量调节等方面具有重要作用,能够维持细胞通透性,增强消化酶活性,从而促进水生动物的生长;还能够影响细胞吞噬能力及呼吸爆发强度,并可以通过控制与免疫相关的酶活性以及类二十烷的产生而增强水生动物机体的免疫能力;其中的ArA可以通过调节皮质醇以及其他未知途径调节水生动物抵抗各种应激的能力。对这三种高度不饱和脂肪酸对水生动物生长、繁殖、免疫功能的影响和抗应激能力以及三者之间的关系作了综述并提出了问题和展望,以期对水产养殖提供理论参考。     

In situ enzyme immunoassays with tissue smears to study horizontal transmission of BMNV in penaeid shrimp and in beach animals

INTRODUCTIONThedevelopmentofshrimpcultureshasbeenaffectedseverelybyviraldiseases(CatandSu,1993).Atpresent,however,thepathwayofvirustransmissiontopenaeidshrimpisnotunderstoodanditisthereforedifficulttopreventtheoccurrenceandspreadofshrimpviraldiseases.Toreducethelossescausedbyviralinfection,thedevelopmentofearlyandaccuratediagnostictechniquesisessential(Bruceetal.,1994;Changetal.,1993;Huangetal.,1995;Vickersetal.,1993).Anenzymeimmunoassaytechniquefordetectingbaculoviralmidgutglandnecrosi…     

Temporal changes in benthic communities of seagrass beds impacted by a tsunami in the Andaman Sea,Thailand

Seagrass beds are susceptible to various natural and human-induced disturbances. Disturbances affect not only seagrasses, but also the abundance and diversity of associated macrofaunal communities. The Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was heavily affected by the tsunami of December 26, 2004. To examine its impact on seagrass macrofaunal communities, we compared the abundance, diversity and taxa composition by quantitative samplings in 2001 (before the tsunami) and in 2005 and 2006 (after the tsunami). Macrobenthic animals and sediments were collected from vegetated and nonvegetated areas of two sites that had received different levels of tsunami disturbances. A large decline in abundance and diversity was observed in the nonvegetated areas after the tsunami, whereas an increase was observed in the vegetated areas. The magnitude of decline and subsequent recovery of abundance and diversity of macrobenthic animals in nonvegetated areas were similar between the two sites, suggesting that their temporal changes were not solely related to the magnitude of the tsunami disturbance. Similarity of the benthic animals differed greatly between 2001 and 2005–2006 at the nonvegetated areas, whereas it varied less among the 3 years at the seagrass-vegetated areas. This study demonstrated that the presence of seagrass vegetation alters the patterns of temporal variation in macrofaunal assemblages and subsequent recovery processes following a tsunami.