双向地震激励下储罐隔震计算模型对比分析

铅芯橡胶垫基础隔震浮顶储罐在双向地震激励下,采用不同的隔震层恢复力计算模型计算所得的地震响应存在差异.不同工况下,若不加区别地选取将给储罐设计带来不利影响.通过分析高径比、阻尼比、隔震周期以及屈服强度参数对计算结果的影响得出,特定高径比时等效线性模型计算所得波高偏小,基底剪力和位移偏大,因此设计时应综合权衡各模型的计算...     

某放射性废物处置场围岩渗透性研究

某放射性废物处置场围岩为花岗岩。为了评价围岩的渗透性,首先对研究区岩体进行了均质区划分。在均质区内,开展了详细的节理几何测量工作,获取了节理各几何特征参数概率分布模型。然后基于蒙特卡洛模拟方法和二维节理网络水力学理论,采用Matlab程序编制了节理网络随机模拟和渗流计算程序,多次重复抽样得到了具有统计稳定性的研究区渗透张量特征值均值。为了使计算结果更符合工程实际,采用压水试验得到的渗透系数修正了渗透张量,更符合工程实际。     

龙门山地区的kappa（κ0）模型及汶川MS8.0地震的强地震动模拟

在地震动模拟中,高频衰减参数（κ₀）是一个重要的参数,它控制了傅里叶谱高频部分的衰减特性.本文利用汶川M_S8.0地震和芦山M_S7.0地震主余震的1671组强震动观测记录,计算了龙门山地区50个断层距小于150 km的强震动台站的κ₀,基于随机有限断层法模拟了汶川地震中这些台站的加速度时程、傅里叶振幅谱和反应谱,并与前人的研究进行比较.结果表明,合理计算的κ₀可以有效地改善加速度时程振幅和高频谱（>1 Hz）的模拟结果.另一方面,本文基于κ₀与地形高程的相关性,建立了龙门山地区的κ₀经验模型.分别采用该经验模型和κ₀= 0.04 s模拟了汶川地震的峰值加速度分布,并与观测记录进行比较.结果表明,采用本文提出的κ₀模型可以更好地重现汶川地震的峰值加速度分布,特别是在断层破裂方向的反方向区域和山区.综上,汶川地震中山区的峰值加速度明显大于盆地地区的现象,不仅与断层破裂产状有关,还与山区和盆地地区的κ₀之间显著的差异有关.

     

Wave run-up on slender circular cylindrical foundations for offshore wind turbines in nonlinear random waves

A practical method for estimating the wave run-up height on a slender circular cylindrical foundation for wind turbines in nonlinear random waves is provided. The approach is based on the velocity stagnation head theory and Stokes second order wave theory by assuming the basic harmonic wave motion to be a stationary Gaussian narrow-band random process. Comparisons are made with measurements by De Vos et al. (2007), and some of the highest wave run-up events that were predicted agree with those measured.     

青藏铁路冻土路基温度场随机有限元分析

从一阶Taylor展开式入手,结合冻土温度场计算有限元法,推导了冻土路基温度场随机有限元方程及有关计算公式,并对青藏铁路北麓河试验段冻土路基温度场进行了随机有限元分析,结果表明温度标准差与温度场的分布趋势大致相同,在垂直方向上,最大值都出现在路基上部,向下逐渐减小,但两者分布范围略有不同,路基内部标准差的分布范围明显较大,在一定深度处达到均化。     

挡土结构物随机地震响应分析及动力可靠度研究

本文提供了一种简单的确定性数值方法,来分析在平稳随机地震荷载作用下的结构随机地震响应及动力可靠度。该方法基于有限元动力分析软件,以单位加速度脉冲函数作为地震荷载的输入,当计算出结构的脉冲响应函数后,再运用傅立叶变换得到随机激励和结构响应之间的传递函数,由此来计算结构的均方根响应和峰值响应。基于此方法,分析了挡土结构物在平稳随机地震荷载作用下的位移、弯矩、基底水平合力、基底竖向合力以及沿墙高的土压力极值的随机地震响应及动力可靠度。从分析结果可以看出:用Kanai谱模型的计算值比欧进萍谱模型的计算值更趋保守,而把响应过程当作马尔可夫过程似比泊松过程更精确。     

地磁学中的球面各向同性随机矢量场

从地磁场随机模拟的需要出发,研究球面各向同性随机矢量场．首先指出,与三维空间中的随机矢量场不同,在球上均匀性蕴含于各向同性;三维均匀各向同性随机矢量场一定是球上各向同性随机矢量场,反之不真．其次,以地核磁场的随机模型为例,给出了球面各向同性模型的空间两点关联张量的并矢表示,并将其在不变坐标系分解;利用核幔边界地球主磁场的球谐功率谱的幂级数拟合模型,估算空间两点关联张量．因此,即使根据地球主磁场观测认定地核场具有球面各向同性,亦不能推定地核内部磁流体运动是三维均匀各向同性的．     

The 2D Steady Hydraulic Head Field Surrounding a Pumping Well in a Finite Heterogeneous Confined Aquifer

We present a second-order analytic solution [in terms of a heterogeneous log-transmissivity Y(r) = ln T(r)] for the hydraulic head field in a finite 2D confined heterogeneous aquifer under steady radial flow conditions assuming fixed head boundary conditions at the well and at a circular exterior boundary. The solution may be used to obtain the gradient used in calculation of solute transport to a well in a heterogeneous transmissivity field. The solution, obtained using perturbation methods coupled with Green's function techniques, leads us to postulate a more general form of the head for arbitrarily large-variance fields and may be used to obtain moment relations between the log-transmissivity and head under convergent flow conditions when Y(r) is expressed as a random space function. We present expressions for the mean head field when the log-transmissivity is Gaussian and conditioned on the transmissivity value at the well for an arbitrary ln T covariance. Finally, we look at the effect of parameter variations on the mean head behavior and present numerical simulations verifying the second-order mean head expressions.     

作为随机振动的海冰变化模型

本文从B.Saltzman的海温—海冰模式出发,得到了一个描述海冰范围变化的随机气候模型,接着对模型的性质进行了一些分析和讨论,并把从模型得到的模拟谱与计算的南极海冰扩展范围的观测谱做了比较。     

Parameter sensitivity of a hydrocarbon biodegradation model under uncertainty of permeability

The effects of permeability variability on uncertainty of the results of a hydrocarbon biodegradation model are addressed. The model includes saturated and unsaturated flow, multi-species transport, heat transport, and bacterial-growth processes. A stochastic approach was used in the uncertainty analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted, taking into consideration the effects of heterogeneity. The Monte Carlo method was used, with permeability as the input stochastic variable. Results showed that uncertainty increases with time. This can lead to difficulties regarding cleanup decision making such as predicting the timeframe to reach an aquifer cleanup goal. It was not possible to replace the heterogeneous system with a homogeneous one through the use of effective parameters that preserve an equivalent behavior of the two systems. Effective permeability is space and time dependent and also depends on values of bioactivity parameters. The study also emphasized the importance of accurately measuring certain bacterial parameters, namely, maximum substrate uptake rate for degradation and cell yield coefficient. Uncertainties regarding nutrient and oxygen uptake and saturation parameters were less important for the current application.