地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用

基于非平稳信号时频分析及其地震时频属性技术应用的有关研究成果,对地震信号时频分析、分频解释与频谱分解及其在地震沉积学与地震储层成像中的应用进行系统总结与阐述.从时频分析的基本原理出发,探讨地震分频解释和频谱分解的实现方法及其在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用策略与效果.分析指出,发展高精度时频分析理论和算法,一体化统筹谋划地震资料叠前与叠后处理解释,针对不同地质条件探索相应的时频响应规律等,是分频解释技术及其在地震沉积学和地震储层成像研究中有效应用中值得深入研究的问题.     

CT灌注成像及动态增强扫描在肺部结节影像诊断中的价值初步探讨

目的：探讨CT动态增强扫描及灌注成像在肺部结节影像诊断中的价值。材料与方法：对34例肺部结节（恶性结节17例,良性结节11例,活动性炎症结节6例）进行单排螺旋CT动态增强扫描。对45例肺部结节（恶性结节24例,良性结节13例,活动性炎症结节8例）进行双排螺旋CT灌注扫描及动态增强扫描。对增强扫描病例绘出三类型结节的动态增强时间-密度曲线;对灌注扫描病例用随机灌注软件进行分析处理,得出病灶感兴趣区血流量、血容积、平均通过时间及血管表面通透性,比较三类型结节各灌注参数之间的差异。结果：良性结节动态增强时间密度曲线低平,CT值增加约10Hu;活动性炎性结节之时间密度曲线为速升速降型,CT增强值增加约62Hu;而恶性结节为速升慢降型,CT值增加约46Hu。恶性结节和活动性炎性结节的血容积及血管表面通透性值高于良性结节,良性结节的血容积值一般小于6.5mL·100g^-1,血管表面通透性值小于30mL·min^-1·100g^-1）。结论：CT灌注成像可以提供肺内结节的血流灌注的定量信息,CT动态增强扫描及灌注成像有助于肺内结节的鉴别诊断。     

Differential rotation on rapidly rotating stars

Theories of meridional circulation and differential rotation in stellar convective zones predict trends in surface flow patterns on main-sequence stars that are amenable to direct observational testing. Here I summarise progress made in the last few years in determining surface differential rotation patterns on rapidly-rotating young main-sequence stars of spectral types F, G, K and M. Differential rotation increases strongly with increasing effective temperature along the main sequence. The shear rate appears to increase with depth in the sub-photospheric layers. Tidal locking in close binaries appears to suppress differential rotation, but better statistics are needed before this conclusion can be trusted. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Formation of polar starspots through meridional circulation

To explain the observed intermingling of polarities in the magnetic field distributions of rapidly rotating stars, surface magnetic flux transport models demand the presence of fast meridional flows.We combine simulations of the pre-eruptive and post-eruptive magnetic flux transport in cool stars to investigate the influence of a fast meridional circulation on the latitudinal eruption pattern of magnetic flux tubes and on the polar magnetic field properties. Magnetic flux tubes rising through the convection zone experience an enhanced latitude-dependent poleward deflection through meridional flows, which renders the wings of stellar butterfly diagrams convex. The larger amount of magnetic flux emerging at higher latitudes supports the intermingling of opposite polarities of polar magnetic fields and yields magnetic flux densities in the polar regions about 20% higher than in the case disregarding the pre-eruptive deflection. Taking the pre-eruptive evolution of magnetic flux into account therefore eases the need for the fast meridional flows predicted by previous investigations. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

胰腺CT灌注成像的研究进展

摘要：作为新兴的功能学成像方法,胰腺CT灌注成像可以定量测量血容量、血流量、毛细血管表面通透性和平均通过时间等灌注参数,进而反映胰腺局部组织病理变化而引起的血流灌注改变。目前胰腺CT灌注成像的研究主要集中在正常胰腺组织、胰腺癌、胰腺炎及胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤等方面,部分灌注参数的研究结果在不同研究中差异较大。但随着多排螺旋CT软硬件技术的发展,胰腺CT灌注成像研究有加速趋势,全面临床应用将成为可能。关键词：胰腺疾病;体层摄影术;x线计算机;CT灌注成像文章编号：l004-4140（2014）Ol-0183-09中图分类号：R814．42;R445．3文献标志码：A     

肢体软组织Morel-Lavallee损伤的低场MRI表现

目的：分析肢体软组织Morel—Lavallee损伤的低场MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析临床证实的29例软组织Morel—Lavallee损伤的0．35TMRI资料。结果：29例35个病变,主要累及部位（例数）：膝关节周围（n=12）,盆部及大腿上段（n=i0）,小腿（n=4）,上臂（n=2）及前臂（n=1）。位于皮下深层脂肪与深筋膜之间。病灶（个数,n=35）可呈椭圆形（n=5）、梭形（n=11）或新月形（n=19）,可无包膜（n=21）、有部分包膜（n=i0）或完整包膜（n=4）,部分可见分隔（n=9）。由于病灶内部纤维组织和（或）血液等成分及含量的不同,病灶表现为多种信号特征：急性期及亚急性期病例（n=3）多以血性成分为主（MRI呈T1WI及T2WI高信号为主）,慢性期（n=26）以液性信号为主（MRI呈T1W1低及T2WI高信号为主）。部分病灶内部可见条状、小结节状、条片状脂肪信号影（n=23）,部分可见液液平及脂液平（n=10）。结论：MRI是评价肢体软组织Morel—Lavall6e损伤重要的无创伤检查方法。     

髌前皮下囊滑囊炎的MRI表现

目的：探讨髌前皮下囊（SPB）滑囊炎的MRI表现特征和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析临床随访证实的28例髌前皮下囊滑囊炎的0．35TMRI资料。结果：27例患者有急慢性膝前损伤史,1例有强直性脊柱炎病史。以膝前疼痛肿胀为主要临床表现。MRI表现为髌前皮下紧贴髌骨的扁圆形影,TlWI为中低、T2WI为中高信号。大小：2．8cm×0．5cm×1．9cm～14．8cm×3．6cm×9．3cm,平均6．6cm×2．0cm×3．7cm。MRI显示以轴位为佳。结论：认识髌前皮下囊滑囊炎的临床及MRI表现特征有助于早期正确诊断该病。     

Improved salt imaging in a basin context by high resolution potential field data: Nordkapp Basin,Barents Sea

The seismic imaging of salt diapirs in the Nordkapp Basin gave rise to considerable problems in defining their shape and volume. Independent information was added by integrating the interpretation with high resolution gravity and magnetic data. We developed a novel, iterative workflow, separated into sub‐categories: sediments, salt structures, basement and Moho. Distinctions between the sources of the anomalies from different depths was achieved by utilizing the different decay characteristics of gravity, gravity gradiometry and high resolution magnetic anomalies. The workflow was applied to the southern part of the Nordkapp Basin. It started with the sedimentary model derived from seismics, populated with measured densities and magnetic susceptibilities and a starting model for the base salt. The residual after the removal of this model was interpreted in terms of a crustal model, including flexural isostatic calculations for the Moho with the sedimentary load. The residual after the removal of crustal and early sedimentary model was used to tune the salt model. As these major and minor modelling steps depend on each other, an iterative process was applied to stepwise improve the density and magnetic susceptibility model. The first vertical gradient of gravity and the magnetic field were found to give most information about the cap rock of the diapirs. The improvement in salt imaging, integrated with results from controlled‐source electromagnetic and magneto‐telluric modelling is shown for the salt diapir Uranus, where a well, terminated in the salt, constrains the minimum of the depth to base salt.     

基于GA-BP理论的储层视裂缝密度地震非线性反演方法

基于GA-BP理论,将自适应遗传算法与人工神经网络技术(BP算法)有机地相结合,形成了一种储层裂缝自适应遗传-神经网络反演方法.这种新的方法是由编码、适应度函数、遗传操作及混合智能学习等组成,即在成像测井裂缝密度数据约束下,通过对目标问题进行编码(称染色体),然后对染色体进行选择、交叉和变异等遗传操作,使染色体不断进化,从而快速获得全局最优解.在反演执行过程中,利用地震数据和成像测井裂缝密度数据之间的非线性映射关系建立训练样本,将GA算法与BP算法有机地结合,优化三层前向网络参数;或将GA与ANFIS相结合,优化ANFIS网络参数.并采用GA算法与TS算法(Tabu Search)相结合的自适应混合学习算法,该学习算法自始至终将GA和BP两种算法按一定的概率比例进行,其概率自适应变化,以达到混合算法的均衡.这种混合算法提高了网络的收敛速度和精度.我们分别利用两个研究地区的6井和1井成像测井裂缝密度数据与地震数据之间的非线性映射关系建立训练样本,对过这两口井的测线的地震数据进行反演,获得了视裂缝密度剖面,视裂缝密度剖面上裂缝分布特征符合沉积相分布特征和岩石力学性质的变化特征.这种视裂缝密度剖面含有储层裂缝的定量信息,其误差可为油气勘探开发实际要求所允许.因此,这种新的方法优于只能作裂缝定性分析的常规裂缝地震预测方法,具有广阔的应用前景.     

用核磁共振测井资料评价碳酸盐岩等复杂岩性储集层

对于碳酸盐岩等复杂岩性油气藏,由于其储集空间复杂、非均质性强等因素,用常规测井技术难以进行准确描述.核磁共振测井测量的对象是储层空间中的流体,因而可以直接用来划分储集层,而且能提供几乎不受岩性影响的孔隙度和渗透率等参数;同时,由于其T2分布表征了岩石的孔隙结构,所以可以根据T2分布形态判断有效裂缝和溶蚀孔洞.通过多口井的岩心对比和成像测井对比,研究出了一套用MRIL和CMR 的T2分布形态评价储集空间的方法;此外,在特定条件下,根据核磁计算的有效孔隙度和可动流体体积给出了一个计算含油饱和度的公式.利用这些核磁测井技术及其分析方法对车古20古潜山碳酸盐岩储集层裂缝及溶蚀孔洞发育特征进行准确描述,还计算了埕北潜山复杂复杂岩性油气藏的饱和度,对于储量计算具有重要意义.