On far field occurrence of seismically induced landslides

Earthquakes may induce landslides at large distances from the epicentral area. In the last two decades, there have been many studies of this phenomenon to determine the causes that contribute to the occurrence of landslides at very long distances from earthquake epicenter. In this study, which is based on previously published works, a worldwide database comprising 270 earthquakes, including 150 during the instrumental period, was compiled to analyse the features of those landslides that occur at much further distances than maximum expected distances. From the analysis of the compiled data, it was observed that susceptible slopes can be grouped into five broad geological categories: jointed rock, marly–clayey (cohesive) soils, granular alluvial and/or colluvial sediments, volcanic soils, and residual soil slopes. These categories were equally likely to be associated with far field disrupted landslides, whereas far field coherent landslides were more frequent on cohesive soil slopes. Other factors, along with slope susceptibility may also contribute to far field landslides and increase the size of the area affected. Among these factors, site effects, antecedent rain and occurrence of seismic series have been cited. The analysis of available data also showed that for events of the same magnitude, far field disrupted landslides may occur at greater distances than coherent ones. The same database has also been employed to determine, for the first time, the upper bound curves for the maximum observed epicentral distances of several types of landslides and the maximum area observed to be affected by landslides, both based on the epicentral intensity of the events.     

珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区沼泽湿地提取及其退化风险评价

以珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区为研究区域,选取2009年23幅MODIS NDVI影像,采用傅里叶变换的HA-NTS算法去除云干扰,并重构NDVI时间序列图像.(1)根据研究区沼泽湿地与其他地物类型物候特征的差异,利用光谱角制图方法(SAM)获取了研究区2009年沼泽湿地的分布图.研究区沼泽湿地共有2 481.13km2,...     

基于资源和距离的旅游国际竞争潜力评价理论与实践

本文将旅游竞争力分为旅游竞争效力和潜力两个方面,并从旅游资源和距离两个方面构建旅游国际竞争潜力评价指标体系,运用综合评价法和从特定区域客源市场视角对中国旅游国际竞争潜力进行评价和分析.结果表明,与世界主要旅游强国相比,中国旅游国际竞争潜力综合评价值最高,竞争潜力很大,且在旅游资源方面拥有绝对优势,但在与客源地距离方面总...     

Natural Metrics in the Spaces of Elliptic Orbits

Different natural metrizations by Hölder type on the five dimensional space of Keplerian elliptic orbits are introduced. Certain applications of topological and metrical properties of the space of Keplerian elliptic orbits to several problems of Celestial Mechanics are discussed.     

用边长变化结果计算地应变及块体划分

在均匀应变的假设下，给出了由边长变化求解地应变的新方法，通过统计检验相邻三角形的最大主应变，可判别相邻测点是否位于同一个均匀应变体上，采用弹性位错理论设计的模拟算例表明，该方法能成功地将位于断层两侧的测量点分辨开。     

Towards a precision cosmology from starburst galaxies at z > 2

This work investigates the use of a well-known empirical correlation between the velocity dispersion, metallicity and luminosity in Hβ of nearby H  ii galaxies to measure the distances to H  ii -like starburst galaxies at high redshifts. This correlation is applied to a sample of 15 starburst galaxies with redshifts between   z = 2.17  and   z = 3.39  to constrain  Ω_m  , using data available from the literature. A best-fitting value of  Ω_m= 0.21^+0.30_−0.12  in a Λ-dominated universe and of  Ω_m= 0.11^+0.37_−0.19  in an open universe is obtained. A detailed analysis of systematic errors, their causes and their effects on the values derived for the distance moduli and  Ω_m  is carried out. A discussion of how future work will improve constraints on  Ω_m  by reducing the errors is also presented.     

基于多方法融合的低产低效气井优选

随着致密气田的深入开发,低产低效井逐年增加,已经成为制约气田开发的关键问题之一。以苏里格气田某区块30口气井为研究对象,引入产量贡献率作为动态分类指标,运用气井产量贡献率累计分布曲线的类分割点将气井划分为4类。以纵向合采砂体数、有效砂体厚度、孔隙度、渗透率和含气饱和度等参数作为静态评价指标,采用熵权-理想点法,对气井进行静态分类。基于动态和静态分类结果,引入自相关距离判断异常值点,进行低产低效气井优选。研究表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类气井的储层质量依次变差,累计产量依次减小;4口气井为低产低效井,优选结果符合生产实际。该研究成果可为气田进一步挖潜的选井、选层提供一种新的技术途径。     

Understanding the spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring network and its application to PM2.5 in the mainland China

Air pollution has seriously endangered human health and the natural ecosystem during the last decades. Air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) have played a critical role in providing valuable data sets for recording regional air pollutants. The spatial representativeness of AQMS is a critical parameter when choosing the location of stations and assessing effects on the population to long-term exposure to air pollution. In this paper, we proposed a methodological framework for assessing the spatial representativeness of the regional air quality monitoring network and applied it to ground-based PM_2.5 observation in the mainland of China. Weighted multidimensional Euclidean distance between each pixel and the stations was used to determine the representativeness of the existing monitoring network. In addition, the K-means clustering method was adopted to improve the spatial representativeness of the existing AQMS. The results showed that there were obvious differences among the representative area of 1820 stations in the mainland of China. The monitoring stations could well represent the PM_2.5 spatial distribution of the entire region, and the effectively represented area (i.e. the area where the Euclidean distance between the pixels and the stations was lower than the average value) accounted for 67.32% of the total area and covered 93.12% of the population. Forty additional stations were identified in the Northwest, North China, and Northeast regions, which could improve the spatial representativeness by 14.31%.     

一种高光谱图像的半监督分类方法

基于密度的抽样和动态时间扭曲距离,提出了一种半监督高光谱模糊聚类方法。该方法首先应用基于密度的方法对样本进行抽样,然后采用动态时间扭曲距离计算样本之间的相似度,最后利用半监督模糊C均值算法进行聚类。为了验证所提出方法的有效性,在广泛使用的Indian Pines数据集和PaviaU数据集上进行试验。结果表明,本文提出的方法能够取得理想的分类结果。