鄂尔多斯盆地氦同位素的特征

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国最稳定的含油气盆地,也是我国发现1000×108m3以上大气田最多的盆地。根据46个气样氦同位素分析,3He／4He为3．1×10-8-1．2×10-7,平均为4．36×10-8,R／Ra值为0．022-0．085,是壳源氦的特征。鄂尔多斯盆地3He／4He和R／Ra值不受天然气的成因类型、气的产状及气的原生性与后生改造的影响。R／ Ra值定量说明鄂尔多斯盆地构造上极稳定。     

晚中新世-上新世黄土高原佳县红粘土剖面碳同位素记录与C4植被演化

新生代C4植被开始扩张的年代、过程和驱动机制是全球古气候变化研究的焦点问题。中国黄土高原的黄土-红粘土剖面保存了连续的古生态演化记录, 是研究这一关键科学问题的理想载体。本文选择黄土高原北部佳县厚达64m的红粘土剖面(8.2~2.7Ma), 对190个层位的次生方解石矿物进行了无机碳同位素测试, 由此分析了晚中新世-上新世末的C4植被扩张和演化过程。C4植被持续增长与全球冰盖的扩张基本一致, 表明气候变冷很可能导致了黄土高原区域气候的干旱化与降雨季节性的增强。C4植被的扩张存在明显的3个阶段, 分别以6.6Ma和3.6Ma为界限, 每一次扩张增加10 % 左右, 暗示了全球性的构造事件对黄土高原植被演化的控制。此外, 佳县红粘土剖面呈现10次持续时间为10~20万年的碳同位素正漂移事件, 平均每40万年发生一次, 说明40万年轨道周期也控制着C4植被的演化。     

The Bulong Gold Deposit-a Quartz-Barite Vein Type Gold Deposit in Xinjiang:Geological Characteristics and S, He and Ar Isotopic Compositions

The Bulong gold deposit, located in the southwest Tianshan in China, occurs in the Upper Devonian finegrained clastic rocks. The gold orebodies are controlled by an gently inclined interlayer fractured zone. They are hosted only in quartz-barite veins though there are barite veins and quartz veins in the ore district. The δ34S values of pyrite in the ores range from 14.6‰ to 19.2‰ and those of barite from 35.0‰ to 39.6‰, indicating that the sulfur was derived from the strata. 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite are 0.24-0.82 R/Ra, approximating to that of the crust. The 40Ar/39Ar ratios range from 338 to 471, slightly higher than that of the atmosphere. 40Ar /4He ratios of ore fluids range from 0.015 to 0.412 with a mean of 0.153. Helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions show that the ore fluids of the Bulong gold deposit were mainly derived from the crust.     

福建德化地区东洋浅成热液金矿床成矿作用与成因研究

为揭示福建德化东洋金矿床的成因,进行了矿床地质、流体包裹体和氢-氧、硫、铅同位素的系统研究。结果显示成矿流体接近于大气降水;硫元素具有深源硫的特征;铅同位素表明成矿物质来源于古老下地壳。综合研究结果表明该矿床的初始成矿流体为中高温、低密度、低盐度的岩浆热液,沸腾作用以及大气水混合是成矿物质卸载的主要因素,矿床成因属于与次火山岩岩浆作用有关的浅成热液低硫化型金矿床。     

太湖梅梁湾藻华暴发-消退周期表层水体溶解性有机质分子特征

人类活动引起的富营养化对太湖的碳循环模式可能产生严重影响,精细描述太湖藻华暴发-消退周期的溶解性有机质分子是了解太湖碳库动态变化的关键.本研究利用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱技术,以太湖北部梅梁湾2017年5月至2018年5月的表层水体为研究对象,解析藻华暴发-消退周期溶解性有机质的来源和分子组成特征,进而理解浮游藻类异常增殖对水体溶解性有机质的影响及其在区域碳循环中的角色.研究结果表明,藻华暴发期浮游藻类生产力显著增加,使得表层水体的溶解性有机质从含量到分子组成均发生剧烈改变.含量上表现为溶解性有机碳浓度升高,分子组成上表现为CHO类化合物和以脂肪族类化合物为代表的活性组分占比增加,特征化合物以相对高饱和度和高含氧的小质量数分子为主.而在藻华消退期,随着藻类有机质贡献的减少和有机质降解过程的持续进行,含量上表现为溶解性有机碳浓度下降,分子组成上表现为CHOS、CHONS类化合物和富羧酸脂环类化合物等惰性分子占比增加,特征化合物以大质量数分子和相对低饱和度和低含氧的小质量数分子为主.研究结果表明,太湖水体的溶解性有机质分子组成在藻华暴发期受藻类有机质输入控制,在消退期受藻类有机质降解的影...     

南秦岭镇安西部晚三叠世煌斑岩脉地球化学特征及其对构造环境的指示

煌斑岩是反映深部构造-岩浆作用和源区地球化学性质的良好地质体。对南秦岭镇安西部地区出露的煌斑岩脉进行系统研究, 用LA-ICP-MS测定了煌斑岩中锆石U-Pb同位素, 得到其206Pb/238U年龄为222.2±1.2Ma(MSWD=0.38, n=15), 此年龄代表脉体的形成年龄, 属晚三叠世。地球化学分析表明, 岩石属钙碱性钾质-超钾质系列, 轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素富集, 重稀土元素和Nb、Ti等高场强元素亏损, 具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特征; 岩石具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7066~0.7076)和较低的εNd(t)值(-5.77~-4.62);锆石176Hf/177Hf值为0.28250~0.28287, εHf(t)值为-4.75~1.89, 锆石二阶段Hf模式年龄与全岩Nd二阶段模式年龄主要集中于中元古代(1.3~1.5Ga)。综合分析表明, 煌斑岩的源区为中元古代富集地幔, 形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境。在晚三叠世(220Ma左右)后碰撞伸展构造环境下, 勉略洋壳俯冲过程中形成的流体交代富集地幔在构造减压、深部物质上涌提供热和流体的共同作用下, 发生部分熔融, 形成具EMⅡ型同位素特征的镁铁质岩浆, 镁铁质岩浆沿后碰撞伸展阶段形成的裂隙上升侵位形成煌斑岩脉。     

Hydrologic and climatic implications of a multidisciplinary study of late Holocene sediment from Kenosee Lake, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

Sediment lithology and mineralogy, as well as ostracode, plant macrofossil and stable isotope stratigraphies of lake sediment cores, are used to reconstruct late Holocene hydrologic changes at Kenosee Lake, a relatively large, hyposaline lake in southeastern Saskatchewan. Chronological control is provided by AMS radiocarbon ages of upland and shoreline plant macrofossils. All indicators outline an early, low-water, saline phase of lake history (4100–3000 BP), when the basin was occupied by a series of small, interconnected, sulfate-rich brine pools, as opposed to the single, topographically-closed lake that exists today. A rapid rise in lake-level (3000–2300 BP) led to the establishment of carbonate-rich, hyposaline lake conditions like those today. Lithostratigraphic data and ostracode assemblages indicate peak salinities were attained early in this period of lake infilling, suggesting that the lake-level rise was initially driven by an influx of saline groundwater. Lake-level and water chemistry have remained relatively stable over the last 2000 years, compared to earlier events. Because of a lack of datable organic material in sediments deposited during the last 2000 years, the chronology of recent events is not well resolved. Plant macrofossil, lithostratigraphic and ostracode evidence suggests that lake draw-down, accompanied by slightly higher than present salinites, occurred sometime prior to 600 BP, followed by peak lake-level and freshwater conditions. This most recent high lake stand, indicative of a high water table on the surrounding upland, may also have led to the establishment of an extensive cover of Betula in the watershed, possibly in response to paludification. Ostracode assemblages indicate that peak freshwater conditions occurred within the last 100 years. Since historically documented lake-level fluctuations correlate with decadal scale climatic fluctuations in the meteorological record, and late-Holocene hydrologic dynamics correspond to well documented climatic excursions of the Neoglacial and Little Ice Age, Kenosee Lake dynamics offer insight into the susceptibility of the region's water resources to climate change.     

Mechanism of mineralization in the Changjiang uranium ore field,South China: Evidence from fluid inclusions,hydrothermal alteration,and H–O isotopes

The Changjiang uranium ore field, which contains >10,000 tonnes of recoverable U with a grade of 0.1–0.5%, is hosted by Triassic two-mica and Jurassic biotite granites, and is one of the most important uranium ore fields in South China. The minerals associated with alteration and mineralization can be divided into two stages, namely syn-ore and post-ore. The syn-ore minerals are primarily quartz, pitchblende, hematite, hydromica, chlorite, fluorite, and pyrite; the post-ore minerals include quartz, calcite, fluorite, pyrite, and hematite. The fluid inclusions of the early syn-ore stage characteristically contain O₂, and those of the late syn-ore and post-ore stage contain H₂ and CH₄. The fluid inclusions in quartz of the syn-ore stage include H₂O, H₂O–CO₂, and CO₂ types, and they occur in clusters or along trails. Homogenization temperatures (T_h) for the H₂O–CO₂ and two-phase H₂O inclusions range from 106 °C to >350 °C and cluster in two distinct groups for each type; salinities are lower than 10 wt% NaCl equiv. The ore-forming fluids underwent CO₂ effervescence or phase separation at ∼250 °C under a pressure of 1000–1100 bar. The U/Th values of the altered granites are lowest close to the ore, increase outwards, but subsequently decrease close to unaltered granites. From the unaltered granites to the ore, the lowest Fe₂O₃/FeO values become lower and the highest values higher. The REE patterns of the altered granites and the ores are similar to each other. The U contents of the ores show a positive correlation with total REE contents but a negative correlation with LREE/HREE ratios, indicating the pitchblende is REE-bearing and selectively HREE-rich. The δEu values of the ore show a positive correlation with U contents, indicating the early syn-ore fluids were oxidizing. The δCe values show a negative correlation, indicating the later mineralization environment became reducing. The water–rock interactions of the early syn-ore stage resulted in oxidization of altered granites and reduction of the ore-forming fluids, and it was this reduction that led to the uranium mineralization. During alteration in the early syn-ore stage, the oxidizing fluids leached uranium from granites close to faults, and Fe₂O₃/FeO ratios increased in the alteration zones. The late syn-ore and post-ore alteration decreased the Fe₂O₃/FeO ratios in the alteration zones. The δ¹⁸O_W–SMOW values of the ore-forming fluids range from −1.8‰ to 5.4‰, and the δD_W–SMOW values range from −104.4‰ to −51.6‰, suggesting meteoric water. The meteoric water underwent at least two stages of water–rock interaction: the first caused the fluids to become uranium-bearing, and the second stage, which was primarily associated with ore-bearing faults, led to uranium deposition as pitchblende, accompanied by CO₂ effervescence.     

碳中和目标下关键矿产在清洁能源转型中的作用、供需分析及其建议

在"碳中和"目标的驱动下,全球能源系统向清洁化、低碳化甚至无碳化发展已是大势所趋.针对向清洁能源转型的需求,采用了统计对比、分类汇总、综合分析等方法,分析研究了关键矿产在电池、电网、低碳发电和氢能等行业中的作用和需求.结合当前关键矿产产量的地理集中度高、项目开发周期长、资源质量下降等矿产供应和投资计划不能满足清洁能源转...