Emplacement Ages and Petrogenesis of the Molybdenum–bearing Granites in the Jinduicheng Area of East Qinling, China: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes

The Mesozoic porphyry assemblage in the Jinduicheng area is a special molybdenum area in China, the Mo deposits, including the Jinduicheng, Balipo, Shijiawan, Huanglongpu, are distributed. The emplacement age and geochemical features of the granites in the Jinduicheng area can provide essential information for the exploration and development of the porphyry molybdenum deposit. In this study, we report LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb age and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of granite porphyries from the Jinduicheng area, and provide insights on the petrogensis and source characteristics of the granites. The results show that the zircon U–Pb ages of the Jinduicheng granite porphyry (143±1 Ma) and the Balipo granite (154±1 Ma), agree well with the Re–Os ages of molybdenite in the Jinduicheng molybdenum polymetallic deposit (139±3 Ma) and the Balipo molybdenum polymetallic deposit (156±2 Ma), indicating that the emplacement of granite porphyries occurred between Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Zircons granite from the Jinduicheng area give the εHf(t) values mainly ranging from ?10 to ?16, and ?20 to ?24, respectively, corresponding to two–stage model ages (tDM2: mainly focused on 1.86–2.0 Ga, and 2.2–2.6 Ga, respectively) of zircons of the granite from the Jinduicheng values. The ore–forming materials are mainly derived from crust, with minor mantle substances. Zircons of the granite from the Balipo area give εHf(t) values ranging from ?18 to ?20, ?28 to ?38, and ?42 to ?44, respectively, corresponding to two–stage model ages (tDM2: mainly focused on 1.88–3.0 Ga, and 3.2–3.90 Ga, respectively). the εHf(t) values of the Jinduicheng porphyry more than that of the Balipo porphyry, and two–stage model ages (tDM2) less than that of the Balipo porphyry, shows that he source of the porphyries originated from ancient lower crustal materials in the Jinduicheng area, and mixed younger components, more younger components contributed for the source of the Jinduicheng porphyry.     

Magma Origin and Evolution of Tengchong Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks from West Yunnan,China: Evidence from Whole Rock Geochemistry and Nd‐Sr‐Pb Isotopes

Tengchong Cenozoic volcanics that have record key information on the tectonic evolution and mantle features of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau are of great importance because of its unique eruption history spanning the entire Quaternary period. Magma origin and evolution of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks were studied on the basis of Nd-Sr-Pb isotope and major and trace element data from different eruptions in the Ma’anshan area. Different samples within one eruption show relative identical lithologies, chemical and isotopic compositions. However, the geochemical features for the five eruptions are distinct from each other. These volcanic rocks show low Mg# values (<45), moderate to high fractionation of LREEs and HREEs, and enrichment of Pb and Ba and depletion of Nb. Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks were derived from an enriched mantle based on Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic studies. And lines of evidence show that crustal contamination should be involved before the eruption of different periods of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Older subducted components may be responsible for adakite recycling at various stages of evolution, which results in the origin of the enriched mantle source magma accounting for the isotopic features of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Segregated primitive magma pulsating injected into magma chamber, fractional crystallized and contaminated with crust component. Finally, magmas with distinct chemical and isotopic compositions for each eruption formed. The extension of the northeast segment of the Yingjiang tectonic belt triggered the pulsating eruption of the Cenozoic volcanics in the Tengchong area.     

Xiba Granitic Pluton in the Qinling Orogenic Belt,Central China: Its Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Xiba granitic pluton is located in South Qinling tectonic domain of the Qinling orogenic belt and consists mainly of granodiorite and monzogranite with significant number of microgranular quartz dioritic enclaves. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic dating reveals that the quartz dioritic enclaves formed at 214±3 Ma, which is similar to the age of their host monzogranite (218±1 Ma). The granitoids belong to high-K calc-alkaline series, and are characterized by enriched LILEs relative to HFSEs with negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies, and right-declined REE patterns with (La/Yb)N ratios ranging from 15.83 to 26.47 and δEu values from 0.78 to 1.22 (mean= 0.97). Most of these samples from Xiba granitic pluton exhibit εNd(t) values of ?8.79 to ?5.38, depleted mantle Nd model ages (TDM) between 1.1 Ga and 1.7 Ga, and initial Sr isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr)i from 0.7061 to 0.7082, indicating a possible Meso- to Paleoproterozoic lower crust source region, with exception of samples XB01-2-1 and XB10-1 displaying higher (87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.779 and 0.735, respectively, which suggests a contamination of the upper crustal materials. Quartz dioritic enclaves are interpreted as the result of rapid crystallization fractionation during the parent magmatic emplacement, as evidenced by similar age, texture, geochemical, and Sr-Nd isotopic features with their host rocks. Characteristics of the petrological and geochemical data reveal that the parent magma of Xiba granitoids was produced by a magma mingling process. The upwelling asthenosphere caused a high heat flow and the mafic magma was underplated into the bottom of the lower continent crust, which caused the partial melting of the lower continent crustal materials. This geodynamic process generated the mixing parent magma between mafic magma from depleted mantle and felsic magma derived from the lower continent crust. Integrated petrogenesis and tectonic discrimination with regional tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, it is suggested that the granitoids are most likely products in a post-collision tectonic setting.     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区中寒武统准同生白云岩孔洞充填物期次、地化特征及形成条件*

对塔里木盆地柯坪地区蓬莱坝剖面中寒武统沙依里克组萨布哈白云岩及其溶孔中的多期次充填物进行了岩石学和地球化学分析,以对其沉淀时的流体环境进行恢复。孔洞中的环带状充填物可分为4期,由白云岩向内依次为：（1）乳白色粒状方解石;（2）铁质浸染的杂色柱状方解石;（3）无色透明的石英;（4）紫色粒状萤石。碳氧同位素、微量元素及稀土元素分析结果表明：白云岩具有高的Sr/Ba值5.47,低的U/Th值0.2954（明显小于0.7）,高的Zr/Hf值36.86,相对高的稀土总量,相对高的 δ¹⁸O值-7.444‰,盐度指数Z值为120.56,表明它形成于相对低温、富氧和盐度相对较高的流体环境,进一步证实其是形成于蒸发环境的准同生白云岩。第1期方解石具有低的Sr/Ba值2.33,相对高的U/Th值1.3,低的Zr/Hf值20.857,相对居中的稀土总量,相对低的δ¹⁸O值-13.758‰,盐度指数Z值为105.35（小于120）,表明它形成于温度相对较高、缺氧、盐度较低的流体条件下。第2期方解石具有具有相对低的Sr/Ba值2.77,相对高的U/Th值1,相对低的Zr/Hf值32.08,相对居中的稀土总量,相对低的 δ¹⁸O值-11.344‰,盐度指数Z值为116.51,表明其形成于温度相对较高、贫氧、盐度较低的流体条件下。萤石具有居中的Sr/Ba值3.15,相对高的U/Th值0.8666,相对低的Zr/Hf值31.875,相对低的稀土总量,其配分模式与岩浆成因萤石较为接近,表明其形成于温度相对较高、缺氧、低盐度的流体条件下。这些特征反映该套地层经历了准同生期白云岩化后的埋藏-抬升-再埋藏-最终抬升至地表的过程。     

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床成矿流体演化与成矿作用

内蒙古谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床位于大兴安岭中段华力西期、燕山期成矿带上,是一个大中型的火山喷发沉积-热液富集型矿床。在对谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的物质组成分析的基础上,着重对流体包裹体和稳定同位素进行分析,以此来研究该矿床的成矿流体演化和成矿作用。研究表明,从热液作用早期到中期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度升高的趋势,两者呈负相关变化,指示流体发生了沸腾作用;从热液作用中期到晚期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度降低的趋势,两者呈正相关变化,指示流体发生了混合作用。S、Pb、C、H、O同位素组成表明,金属物质主要来自赋矿岩石和下伏地层,同时还有深部岩浆物质的参与。成矿热液为大气降水补给加热的循环地下水和岩浆水组成的的混合流体,后期又有大量的大气降水补充,使得成矿流体与围岩发生了强烈的同位素交换。矿化和蚀变作用是在水/岩比值比较低的体系中进行的。谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的成矿流体总体表现为中低温、低盐度、低密度的热液。构造热效应、地热梯度和多次的岩浆喷气热是驱动流体活化迁移的主要因素。构造体制转换使流体稳定体系发生改变,压力释放发生沸腾作用,造就铁、锌在有利位置富集成矿。     

湘南宜章地区辉绿岩、花岗斑岩、安山岩的形成时代和成因——锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

湘南宜章县长城岭地区广泛出露以辉绿岩、花岗斑岩为主的燕山早期岩体,而宜章平和地区主要分布安山岩体,其年龄和成因有待进一步研究。分别用SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS法测试了它们的年龄和Hf同位素组成,长城岭辉绿岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为153.7Ma±3.1Ma、227.0Ma±4.2Ma;长城岭花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为153Ma±14Ma和231.58Ma±0.67Ma;平和安山岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果为159Ma±14Ma和229.3Ma±7.6Ma,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为161Ma±1Ma,显示为燕山早期岩浆侵位和印支期基性岩浆底侵。锆石Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,εHf(t)值在正值和负值范围内变化,指示岩浆为壳幔混合来源。结合长城岭花岗岩体中继承锆石的年龄信息,认为花岗质岩石可能来源于中元古代基底的重熔。岩体岩浆很可能是由元古宙火成岩石部分熔融形成的,并伴有年轻或新生幔源物质的加入,岩浆上升侵位的过程中发生了混合作用。     

我国煤层甲烷碳同位素分布特征与瓦斯成因类型划分探讨

以170余组煤层甲烷碳同位素测定结果为依据,分析了我国煤层瓦斯的δ13C,值分布特征,探讨了瓦斯成因类型划分,研究结果显示：δ13C,值分布范围为～73．3％0—27．3‰,δ13C,值随煤的变质程度的增加总体增大,无烟煤阶段以后,δ13C。的变化趋于平稳,在-35‰上下波动;根据煤层甲烷碳同位素与煤级之间的变化关系,以煤的最大镜质体反射率作为指标,将我国煤层瓦斯成因分为次生生物成因气、混合成因气和热成因气三大类,并指出了我国部分煤矿区的瓦斯成因类型。     

长江中下游庐江-枞阳矿集区龙桥铁矿成矿时代研究

龙桥铁矿床是长江中下游地区隐伏的富铁矿床,位于庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区的北缘,铁矿体主要赋存于下白垩统龙门院组火山岩之下和石英正长岩、二长岩之上的泥质粉砂岩和碳酸盐之中;本文分别采集了龙桥铁矿床井下370中段与黄铁矿矿体、方解石共生的黑云母样品(Lz370-1)和矿体围岩蚀变粗安岩中的黑云母样品(Lz370-2),进行A...     

杭嘉湖地区水化学及同位素特征初步分析

本文通过初步分析杭嘉湖地区地下水化学和同位素特征,认为地下水的水化学分布存在着一定的分带性。浅层地下水化学类型为Cl,HCO3-Ca,Na型,代表了降水或地表水补给的形成过程,且补给前受到不同程度的蒸发。深层承压水化学类型为HCO3-Ca,Na和HCO3-Na型,代表了以铝硅酸盐矿物溶解为主的形成过程,其补给源为古气候条件下的降水补给。利用氘过量参数d值判断了第承压水（120~150 m）总体流向为南西至北东,即由杭州和湖州向嘉兴方向径流。     

Evolution of animal multicellularity stimulated by dissolved organic carbon in early Ediacaran ocean: DOXAM hypothesis

Oxygenation of the ocean is presumed to be an important factor stimulating the evolution of multicellular animals. The appearance of the Ediacaran‐type biota (ca 575 Ma) was assigned to the aftermath of the Gaskiers glaciation (ca 580 Ma), when substantial oceanic oxygenation is believed to have started. However, several lines of evidence reveal that at least sponges evolved before this oxygenation. For understanding the first stage of animal evolution, we propose the hypothesis that Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Stimulated the evolution for Animal Multicellularity (DOXAM). Recent geochemical studies of the Ediacaran sedimentary sequences have indicated that a substantial DOC mass was developed in the stratified ocean after the Marinoan glaciation (655–635 Ma), and this was supported by the inorganic and organic carbon isotope profiles of the Doushantuo Formation in South China. The DOC mass was an oxygen consumer in the water column; however, it could have provided a food source for filter‐feeding animals such as sponges and cnidarians, and established a primitive food‐web. Such an ecological structure is recognized in modern deep‐sea coral mounds. Results from the integrated ocean drilling program (IODP) Expedition 307 for a mound in northeastern Atlantic suggested that organic carbon suspended around the density boundary in the water column is the key feature to feed the heterotrophic deep‐sea coral community. Our hypothesis is consistent with the fact that the two most primitive animal phyla (Porifera and Cnidaria) are filter feeders. The evolution of filter feeding ecosystems removed the DOC mass and may have contributed to ocean oxygenation in the terminal Neoproterozoic when animal evolution passed into the second stage, with the appearance of bilaterians.