基于球谐函数区域电离层模型建立

利用GPS双频观测数据建立高精度、准实时的区域电离层总电子含量(TEC)模型是电离层研究的一个重要手段。文中探讨IGS观测站数据结合4阶球谐函数建立区域电离层格网模型的方法,并对硬件延迟(DCB)和TEC建模结果的可靠性进行分析,结果表明,DCB解算精度在0.4ns以内,TEC内外精度优于1.4TECU(1TECU=1016电子数/m2)和1.5TECU,满足导航定位中电离层改正的需要。     

预建高精度地图的封闭区域UGV自动驾驶导航定位

针对封闭区域UGV自动驾驶应用,本文提出了一种基于平面高精度地图的导航定位方法。该方法利用三维激光扫描数据采用预定义的栅格地图概率值建立多分辨率地图,在保证定位精度的同时提高定位效率,采用极大似然估计获取载体位姿初值并将IMU数据用于计算高斯-牛顿法搜索初值。试验结果表明,基于激光扫描的二维地图构建与匹配定位方法能有效解决帧与帧匹配误差快速累积问题,可以高效地使用已有地图进行连续高精度的载体定位。     

辽宁省负积温地理分布特征与模拟

负积温是表征霜期农业生产热量资源的生态指标之一，通过对辽宁省48个气象站1961～1990年日平均气温观测资料进行统计，计算了冬季（11月至翌年3月）各月及整个冬季的负积温值，并分析其地理分布特征；利用地理信息系统技术，建立了负积温多年平均值与经度、纬度和海拔高度的小网格推算模型，并在ARCGIS平台上制作负积温数字图像，大大提高了传统手段分析负积温的精度，为发展霜期农业生产和农业结构调整提供依据。     

中国夏季模式降水方案的应用分析研究

通过对我国夏季一次连续降水过程的模拟分析。研究了不同云降水方案在中国区域的应用特征。结果指出,使用不同的积云对流参数化方案。模拟产生的积云降水是有差异的。并且由于积云对流参数化方案的不同,也会引起网格尺度降水产生差异。     

连线干涉系统测量共位双星宽带信号处理与分析

随着人类空间活动的急剧增加,同步轨道资源已变得十分稀缺。为此人们采用了多星共位技术,来充分挖掘同步轨道资源。多星共位中,由于卫星存在位置漂移的情况,安全问题成为维护卫星正常工作必须考虑的问题之一。考虑到同步卫星的轨道特性,常采用三程测距的方式对卫星进行测轨,而且需要较长时间的测轨弧段。连线干涉测量可以获得高精度的差分相位时延,这对卫星在垂直视线方向上构成了很强的约束。给出了连线干涉测量系统设计及测量数据处理方法,并对测量中的关键技术与设备特性、测量数据精度进行了初步分析。     

基于HUST-Ship的船舶耐波性数值试验水池参数化建模方法研究

基于自研的HUST-Ship黏性流CFD求解器,提出了一种船舶耐波性数值试验水池参数化建模方法和网格生成技术。在自研的CFD软件平台中,根据波浪参数(规则波的波长、波高和不规则波的特征周期、有效波高)自动生成船舶耐波性数值试验水池。以结构化重叠网格技术为基础,分别对船舶与水池进行网格划分并进行网格的组装、重叠,实现船舶在耐波性数值试验水池中的数值“试验”,对船舶耐波性进行数值预报。根据波浪种类分为规则波数值试验水池与不规则波数值试验水池,可对各类波浪条件实现精确可靠的数值造波,模拟船舶在各种波浪环境中运动响应、耐波性事件与非线性运动特性。采用参数化建模方法生成的耐波性数值试验水池能够提高建模和网格生成效率,通过对国际标模进行数值预报并与船模试验结果对比,验证了参数化建模方法生成的耐波性数值试验水池对船舶在波浪中运动性能的计算精度。     

Constraining Navigation by Matching Swath Bathymetry and Gravity Measurements at Ship Track Crossovers

A method which utilizes the lateral offset information obtained by comparing swath bathymetric data at track crossover points as a further constraint on the navigation is presented. The method, based on generalized least squares inversion theory, derives a new navigational solution that minimizes the overall misfit between the pairs of topography at crossovers while trying to remain smooth and close to the starting model. To achieve a high numerical efficiency during inversions of large matrices, we employed sparse matrix algorithms. The inversion scheme was applied to a set of Sea Beam data collected over the East Pacific Rise near 9° 30' N in early 1988 at the time when the Global Positioning System had limited coverage. The starting model was constructed by taking evenly spaced samples of positions along the tracklines. For each one of the 361 crossovers, we gridded the bathymetric data around the crossover point compared the gridded maps, and calculated the offset and uncertainty associated with this estimation. A suite of inversion solutions were obtained depending on the choice of three free parameters (that is, the a priori model variance, the correlation interval of a priori model, and the trade-off coefficient between fitting the data and remaining close to the a priori model). The best solution was chosen as one that minimizes both the Sea Beam topography and free-air gravity anomaly differences at crossovers. The improvement was significant; the initial rms mismatch between the tracks and free-air gravity anomalies at crossovers was reduced from 610m to 75m and from 2.5mGal to 1.9mGal, respectively.     

Effects of DEM Resolution on Modeling Coastal Flood Vulnerability

Abstract

This article examines whether Digital Elevation Model (DEM) resolution affects the accuracy of predicted coastal inundation extent using LISFLOOD-FP, with application to a sandy coastline in New Jersey. DEMs with resolution ranging from 10 to 100 m were created using coastal elevation data from NOAA, using the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic flood model was developed in LISFLOOD-FP using each DEM, all of which were calibrated and validated against an observed 24-h tidal cycle and used to simulate a 1.5 m storm surge. While differences in predicted inundated area from all models were within 1.0%, model performance and computational time worsened and decreased with coarser DEM resolution, respectively. This implied that using a structured grid model for modeling coastal flood vulnerability is based on two trade-offs: high DEM resolution coupled with computational intensity, but higher precision in model predictions, and vice versa. Furthermore, water depth predictions from all DEMs were consistent. Using an integrated numerical modeling and GIS approach, a two-scale modeling strategy, where a coarse DEM is used to predict water levels for projection onto a fine DEM was found to be an effective, and computationally efficient approach for obtaining reliable estimates of coastal inundation extent.     

基于GeoSOT的遥感影像云索引模型研究

针对目前遥感影像中云信息描述简单、云的空间分布信息不足而限制影像局部云信息检索的现状,提出了基于GeoSOT的影像云索引模型。该模型根据空间信息建立GeoSOT网格与遥感影像的对应,通过判断每个GeoSOT剖分面片对应的影像数据块是否有云,并记录剖分面片编码和判断结果,实现对遥感影像中局部云信息建立索引;在检索影像中局域云信息时,根据剖分面片编码查找云信息标识即可。同时,探讨了不同等级影像数据产品采用精确逻辑剖分和冗余逻辑剖分构建影像云索引的方法,设计了影像云索引的数据结构,分析了影像数据建立云索引的存储代价。通过仿真实验表明,对遥感影像构建基于GeoSOT剖分编码的云索引代价小,其存储量约为原数据的0.01%,提高了影像中局部云信息查询效率,为计算机自动选取高质量的影像提供了一个有效的技术途径。     

三角网至规则格网的快速生成方法及其应用

三角网至规则格网的生成在地形内插和遥感影像配准中小面元微分纠正等方面都具有重要应用。其关键在于快速准确地搜索每个格网点所在的三角形,然后根据三角网顶点信息内插每个格网点的信息。针对格网点在三角网中的定位和内插计算量大的问题,本文提出了一种自适应扫描线填充算法以快速准确地搜索定位出每个格网点所在的三角形;针对地形内插或者小面元微分纠正中每个三角形具有相同运算的特点,采用GPU技术实现了TIN格网内插以及小面元微分纠正并行加速。分别采用大范围自动空三获取的三维点进行地形内插以及大尺寸遥感影像进行微分纠正实验,结果表明本文方法可以有效提高效率。