DECADAL VARIABILITY OF THE ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION

This paper summarizes the long term and decadal time scale fluctuations of atmosphericcirculation in the Southern(Hemisphere)middle and high latitudes.The long time series ofAntarctic Oscillation Indices(AOIs)were established for January.April.July and October basedon the historical sea level pressure maps and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis surface pressure data set.Itwas found that the AOI of January had upward trend at a rate of 1.17 hPa/100 a.and July haddownward trend at a rate of—1.49 hPa/100 a since 1871.The method of wavelet analysis wasapplied to detect the low frequency characteristics of AOIs,and it is clear that there are decadalvariations in the time scale of about 20—30 years in all 4 indices.Since the averaged value of 4months could explain most variance of annual AOI.thus it is reasonable using the mean AOI ofJanuary,April,July and October to represent the annual AOI.The value of annual AOI was muchlower in periods of about 1894—1901.1910—1935,and was much higher in periods of about 1880—1893,1936—1945.The positive anomalies were remarkable since 1980s.Power spectra ofmodeled AOIs from Hadley Center Control Integration(HCCI)were compared with theobservations,it is found that the interannual time scale frequencies were more significant thandecadal frequencies.But.there also had the possibility for generating weak deeadal fluctuations insome special months and years by Hasselmann mechanism.     

皖南上震旦统蓝田组中银铅锌等多金属矿床成因探讨

皖南地区上震旦统蓝田组，是银铅锌等多金属矿床的重要赋矿层位，区域地质，矿床地质和地球化学特征研究表明，银铅锌等多金属矿床是由于热水沉积作用而形成，热水沉积作用受断裂控制明显，主要呈带状沿着祁门－三阳坑一万家桥深断裂NE方向展布，热水学沉积形成了银铅锌等多金属矿床，铁锰矿床以及蓝田组底部数千平方千米含锰碳酸盐岩，这一认识不仅为皖南地区矿床的成因给予了新的解释，也为今后该区矿产资源的勘察工作提供了新的思路。     

厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜

厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象是当前预报全球气候系统异常的最强信号 ,前者对全球气候不利影响要比后者大得多。史前记录表明 ,厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象不是近几十年才出现的 ,而是至少在15 0 0 0aB .P前就已存在了。从厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象演变来看 ,其出现的频率趋于愈加频繁之势     

论成矿台阶

成矿台阶系指同一成矿区，同一成矿系列的同一类型矿床的主要矿体赋存在相应的标高范围内，湘南－粤北地区，铌钽矿床的成矿台阶为640－980m;石英脉－黑钨矿床600－1400m，石英脉一白钨矿床100－400m，矽卡岩型白钨矿床100－860m;浅源重熔岩浆系列铅锌矿床600－1100m，深源同熔岩浆系列铅锌矿床－200－100m，最深可达－700m;石英脉型锡石矿床650－1400m，锡石－硫化物，蚀变花岗岩型，云英岩型锡矿床450－650m，香花岭，界牌岭锡多金属矿床－200－270m，利用成矿台阶新理念，指导上述矿床的勘查，可以收到事半功倍的探矿效果。     

DECADAL VARIABILITY OF THE ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION*

This paper summarizes the long term and decadal time scale fluctuations of atmospheric circulation in the Southern(Hemisphere) middle and high latitudes.The long time series of Antarctic Oscillation Indices(AOIs) were established for January.April.July and October based on the historical sea level pressure maps and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis surface pressure data set.It was found that the AOI of January had upward trend at a rate of 1.17 hPa/100 a.and July haddownward trend at a rate of -1.49 hPa/100 a since 1871.The method of wavelet analysis wasapplied to detect the low frequency characteristics of AOIs,and it is clear that there are decadalvariations in the time scale of about 20-30 years in all 4 indices.Since the averaged value of 4months could explain most variance of annual AOI.thus it is reasonable using the mean AOI of January,April,July and October to represent the annual AOI.The value of annual AOI was much lower in periods of about 1894-1901.1910-1935,and was much higher in periods of about 1880-1893,1936-1945.The positive anomalies were remarkable since 1980s.Power spectra of modeled AOIs from Hadley Center Control Integration(HCCI) were compared with the observations,it is found that the interannual time scale frequencies were more significant than decadal frequencies.But.there also had the possibility for generating weak deeadal fluctuations in some special months and years by Hasselmann mechanism.     

Studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms of potential indicator value from Florida (USA) with notes on the genus Opephora Petit (Bacillariophyceae)

Four araphid diatom taxa were collected from Florida streams and studied with both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three taxa, formerly in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye, are here placed in the genus Pseudostaurosira Williams et Round. On the basis of ultrastructure observed by SEM, the remaining taxon is placed in a new genus, Sarcophagodes. At least two of the species referred to Pseudostaurosira may have been confused with species of the genus Opephora Petit, which may have led to misinterpretation of the ecological characteristics of the latter genus.All the taxa treated here belong to the Family Fragilariaceae Greville as delimited in current classification schemes. Two new combinations Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum (=Fragilaria geocollegarum Witkowski et Lange-Bertalot), Pseudostaurosira neoelliptica (=Fragilaria neoelliptica Witkowski) and the new species Pseudostaurosira clavatum are presented herein. Additionally, a new genus, Sarcophagodes, is erected to accommodate the new species S. delicatula. LM and SEM details, as well as criteria delimiting these taxa are discussed. More collections and further analyses are needed to assess the distribution of both Opephora and Sarcophagodes.     

西安南郊春季土壤碳释放研究

本文根据NaOH溶液吸收CO2的原理，对西安长延堡春季土壤CO2释放量进行了观测，对土壤CO2释放规律及其影响因素进行了探讨。资料表明，从春季的3月到5月，不同植被下土壤CO2释放量均呈增加的趋势；植被对土壤CO2释放量有一定影响，植被发育好，土壤CO2释放量大；从当日早晨到次日早晨，土壤CO2释放量呈现由低到高再到低的变化规律；土壤CO2释放量变化相对于气温的变化具有滞后性，表明土壤CO2释放量变化是受土壤温度制约的。     

Reappraisal of great historical earthquakes in the northern Chile and southern Peru seismic gaps

A critical reappraisal of great historical interplate earthquakes in the occidental margin of South America, including southern Peru and northern Chile, is carried out.A spacetime distribution of the earthquakes associated to the seismotectonics regions defined by the rupture zones of the greatest events (1868, Mw = 8.8 and 1877, Mw = 8.8) is obtained. Both regions are seismic gaps that are in the maturity state of their respective earthquake cycles. The region associated to the 1868 earthquake presents a notable seismic quiescence in the present century.     

惠家沟地区金矿化地质特征及其成因探讨

惠家沟金矿化区位于南秦岭印支冒地槽褶皱带东南端公馆—回龙汞锑矿带边缘。矿体呈层状,似层状赋存于中泥盆统杨岭沟组中上部碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩建造的浅变质细碎屑岩中。受层位、有利岩性和顺层韧～脆性剪切破裂带控制。矿化与硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化关系密切。金主要呈超显微自然金包含于毒砂黄铁矿中。矿化区中除 Au 外,尚伴有 As、Sb、Hg 等元素,并形成 Au—As—Sb—Hg 组合异常。成矿物质主要来源于容矿地层。成矿热液属大气降水与变顾热水的混合热液。成矿温度偏低、压力小。在矿化地质特征上,经初步研究认为类似卡林型金矿。由于该矿床多属地表工程控制,所获样品结果品位偏低,矿石中砷含量较高,且经初步选矿试验,金回收率较低,因此,矿石是否能被工业利用,尚待进一步研究探讨。     

The variation of warm pool in the equatorial western pacific and its impacts on climate

1.IntroductionSincetheEINinoeventwasregardedasaresultoftheair--seainteraction(Bjerknes,1969;RasmussonandWallace,1983;Philander,1990),thetropicalPacifichasbeenPaidmuchattentionbymeteorologistsintheclimaticstudies.Particularly,thereisthehighestoceantemperatureintheequatorialwesternPacific,theuwarmpool",andthestrongestconvectionandatmosphericheatingareovertheequatorialwesternPacific,sothattheequatorialwesternPacificisveryimportanttotheclimaticvariationintheglobe.Thenumericalsimulationwithasi…