南黄海和东海地区现代构造应力场特征的研究

分析研究了南黄海和东海地区18口石油勘探钻井的井孔崩落特征,结合对琉球岛弧和冲绳海槽地区浅源地震震源机制解的分析,确认了南黄海地区与我国华北地区有类似的现代构造应力场特征;并得出东海地区的最大水平压应力方向为NEE-SWW,最小水平压应力方向为NNW-SSE,它们分别与冲绳海槽地区的最大和最小主压应力方向接近;东海地区地壳上层的水平差应力可能不强,这与该地区没什么地震活动的特点是一致的．根据应力场特征推断,我国东部地区并未受到菲律宾海板块俯冲的推挤作用,而是可能受到垂直于冲绳海槽走向的拉伸作用的影响．     

Stratigraphy,sedimentology, structure and tectonics of Lower Ordovician and Devonian strata of South Mootwingee,Darling Basin,western New South Wales

K‐Ar age measurements using the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar total fusion technique on nephrite from two occurrences in the Great Serpentine Belt southeast of Tamworth yielded ages of 273 ± 5.8 and 280 ± 5.6 m.y. The K‐Ar ages indicate that tectonic emplacement, during which the nephrite was produced as a reaction product between ultra‐mafic rock and country rock, occurred early in the Permian about 275–280 m.y. ago.     

Seismicity of the Bering Glacier region and its relation to tectonic and glacial processes

We relocated over 1000 earthquakes of magnitude > 0.1 occurring between 1973 and 2001 in the Bering Glacier region of southern Alaska. We used first-motion data from these events to determine focal mechanisms and directly invert for stress orientations. Our results indicate that much of the seismicity in the region is occurring within the North American plate in a zone where an inferred structure, which lies beneath Bering Glacier, intersects the Chugach-St. Elias fault system. Stress-field analysis indicates that the events in the Bering Glacier surge reservoir region are likely occurring on northeast-trending thrust faults, consistent with previous modeling that suggested thrust faulting would be enhanced in regions of ice draw down. We also observe a stress field compatible with either high-angle normal or reverse faulting in regions located northwest of the Bering Glacier. This may indicate localized complexities in interactions between the Bering Glacier structure and the Chugach-St. Elias fault system.     

Kinematic evolution of fold-and-thrust belts in the Yubei-Tangbei area:Implications for tectonic events in the southern Tarim Basin

The Yubei-Tangbei area in the southern Tarim Basin is one of the best-preserved Early Paleozoic northeast-southwest trending fold-and-thrust belts within this basin.This area is crucial for the exploration of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in northwestern China.In this study,we constructed the structural geometric morphology of the Yubei-Tangbei area using geophysical logs,drilling,and recent two-and three-dimensional(2-D and 3-D)seismic data.The Early Paleozoic fault-propagation folds,the Tangnan triangle zone,fault-detachment folds,and trishear fault-propagation folds developed with the detachment of the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layer.According to a detailed chronostratigraphic framework,the growth strata in the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian layer formed by onlapping the back limb of the asymmetric fault-propagation folds,which therefore defines the timing of deformations.The changes in kink band hinges and amplitudes in the Permian-Carboniferous and Cenozoic folding strata suggest that the evolution of the fold-and-thrust belts followed a sequential evolution process rather than a simultaneous one.Above the pre-existing Precambrian basement structure,the Yubei-Tangbei fold-and-thrust belts can be divided into four tectonic evolution stages:Late Cambrian,Late Ordovician to Early Carboniferous,Carboniferous to Permian,and Cenozoic.The northwestern-verging Cherchen Fault is part of the piedmont fold-and-thrust system of the southern Tarim foreland basin.We interpreted its strata as a breakthrough trishear fault-propagation fold that developed in three phases:Mid-Late Ordovician,Silurian to Middle Devonian,and Triassic to present.These tectonic events are responses of the Altyn-Tagh and Kunlun collisional orogenic belts and the Indian-Eurasian collision.The inherited deformation and structural modification in the southern Tarim Basin may be an indicator of the growth and evolution of peripheral orogens.     

Exhumation and relief history of the Southern Carpathians (Romania) as evaluated from apatite fission track chronology in crystalline basement and intramontane sedimentary rocks

The combination of apatite fission track (FT) thermochronology from basement units and the FT age distributions of apatites in the Miocene intramontane sedimentary rocks allows describing the exhumation history of the central segment of the Southern Carpathians, Romania. Exhumation and cooling from the total track annealing temperature (>120°C) of the Cozia and Cibin massifs occurred in the Palaeocene–Early Eocene. Between the Eocene and Middle Miocene, there was a stagnation period concerning vertical displacement; the presently exposed part of the basement was buried in shallow depth. The present crests of the Cozia and Cibin Mountains were at temperatures around 80°C and 50°C, respectively. The second exhumation period occurred in Middle Miocene times. The magnitude of the Miocene vertical displacement is on the order of the present-day relief. The vertical apatite FT age distribution in the basement and the age clusters in the sedimentary rocks prove that the levels of the crests were already close to the surface in Palaeogene times. Therefore, the post-Palaeocene erosional removal from the crest zones is very limited.     

Sm–Nd isotopic compositions as a proxy for magmatic processes during the Neoproterozoic of the southern Brazilian shield

Combined analyses of Nd isotopes from a wide range of Neoarchaean–Cretaceous igneous rocks provides a proxy to study magmatic processes and the evolution of the lithosphere. The main igneous associations include the Neoproterozoic granitoids from the southern Brazilian shield, which were formed during two tectonothermal events of the Brasiliano cycle: the São Gabriel accretionary orogeny (900–700 Ma) and the Dom Feliciano collisional orogeny (660–550 Ma). Rocks related to the formation of the São Gabriel arc (900–700 Ma) mainly have a depleted juvenile signature. For the Neoproterozoic collisional event, the petrogenetic discussion focuses on two old crustal segments and three types of mantle components. However, no depleted juvenile material was involved in the formation of the Dom Feliciano collisional belt (800–550 Ma), which implies an ensialic environment for the Dom Feliciano orogeny. In the western Neoproterozoic foreland, records of a Neoarchaean lower crust predominate, whereas a Paleoproterozoic crust does in the eastern Dom Feliciano belt. The western foreland includes two amalgamated geotectonic domains, the São Gabriel arc and Taquarembó block. In the collisional belt, the old crust was intensely reworked during the São Gabriel event. In addition to the Neoproterozoic subduction-processed subcontinental lithosphere (São Gariel arc), we recognize two old enriched mantle components, which also are identified in the Paleoproterozoic intraplate tholeiites from Uruguay and the Cretaceous potassic suites from eastern Paraguay. One end member displays the prominent influence of Trans-Amazonian (2.3–2.0 Ga) or older subduction events, whereas the other can be interpreted as a reenrichment of the first during the latest Trans-Amazonian collisional or younger events. This reenriched mantle is documented in late Neoproterozoic suites from the western foreland (605–550 Ma) and younger suites from the eastern collisional belt (600–580 Ma). The other enriched mantle component with an old subduction signature, however, appears only in older rocks of the collisional belt (800–600 Ma). The participation of the subduction-related Brasiliano mantle as an end member of binary mixing occurred in some early Neoproterozoic suites (605–580 Ma) from the western foreland, but the contribution of the Neoarchaean lower crust increased near the late igneous event (575–550 Ma).     

皖南侏罗-白垩纪两类花岗岩的岩石成因、氧逸度特征及成矿意义

皖南地区北接长江中下游铜铁金成矿带,南临赣东北德兴铜、金矿集区,成矿潜力巨大。迄今已在区域内发现多个大中型W、Mo、Cu、Au矿床。本次研究选取多个可能与成矿有关的小型花岗岩体进行岩石成因、氧逸度高低及其成矿潜力分析。研究发现:皖南侏罗-白垩纪发育两期花岗岩,早期花岗岩主要形成于160~140±5Ma,岩性多为花岗闪长岩等偏中性岩石,岩石成因与中晚侏罗世的板块俯冲挤压有关。晚期花岗岩主要形成于140±5~120Ma,岩性以花岗岩、正长花岗岩以及碱性花岗岩为主,岩石的成因与构造体制转换之后的伸展环境有关。利用锆石中稀土微量元素的含量计算出皖南及相邻地区早期(160~140±5Ma)花岗岩普遍具有比较高的Ce4+/Ce3+值,即岩浆具有高氧逸度;而晚期(140±5~120Ma)花岗岩的Ce4+/Ce3+值普遍偏低,指示了岩浆具有较低的氧逸度。通过对氧逸度与成矿关系的分析,认为皖南燕山早期发育的花岗质岩类具有良好的铜、金、钼找矿潜力。     

蜀南纳溪-合地区嘉陵江组天然气地球化学特征及其气源

通过分析纳溪—合江地区嘉陵江组天然气组分,碳、氢同位素组成以及该区烃源岩发育特征,认为嘉陵江组天然气为混源气,主要为下二叠统栖霞组—茅口组碳酸盐岩烃源岩生成的油型干气,混有下二叠统梁山组和上二叠统龙潭组生成的煤成气,下志留统龙马溪组泥质源岩可能也有贡献.研究区嘉陵江组烷烃气的氢同位素组成较重.纳溪气田烷烃气具有正常的碳...     

沈阳南部污水处理厂排放对下游水功能区的影响分析

通过对沈阳南部污水处理厂排放污水对下游浑河大闸—黄蜡坨子河段的功能区影响进行综合分析,以实现对河段水功能区保护和水污染进行综合控制。本文利用QUAL2K建立河流水质模型对浑河大闸上游两种不同来水水质进行模拟预测,模拟因子选用化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮,从而为浑河的综合规划和治理及水功能区的保护提供科学依据。