关于台湾海峡分界的探讨

台湾海峡介于台湾岛与大陆之间,是东海与南海的通道.关于台湾海峡范围的划分,海峡之东常以台湾岛两端（北为富贵角,南为鹅銮鼻）为界;海峡之西以大陆的平潭岛等为北界,东山岛或南澳岛为南界.为了更客观和准确地划分台湾海峡范围,本文根据海洋地理学中＂海峡＂的概念及对世界海峡类似实例的分析,并按照台湾海峡区域地形、地质等特征进行了分界.作者认同台湾海峡北口位于福建省平潭岛至台湾富贵角,但认为其南口应位于广东南澳岛至台湾曾文溪河口南岸.在此南、北口之间为台湾海峡范围.台湾海峡地形、地质等特征明显,与台湾及大陆紧密关联,并具有东海延伸入内的特点.而北口之北的闽东北海底,海峡特征明显消失.此南口为东海与南海的交汇处,其南属于南海的台湾浅滩及其外缘,其地形、地质特征也与海峡的显著不同.本研究结果对于更准确地划分台湾海峡范围及区域海洋研究与实践等方面都具有多方面的意义.     

马氏珠母贝外海深水区养殖的初步研究

采用延绳式、浮筏式、立桩式在外海深水区进行马氏珠母贝［Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａ ｍ ａｒｔｅｎｓｉｉ （Ｄｕｎｋｅｒ）］人工养殖试验,结果表明：经 １１ 个月的养殖,其成活率分别为延绳式 ５６．３％ ,浮筏式 ３２．８％ ,立桩式２０．８％ ,而同期在港湾浅水区养殖时,其成活率分别为浮筏式 ２８．８％ ,立桩式 １８．５％ 。而且外海深水区养殖马氏珠母贝生长快,个体大,体质强,病害少,附着物少。此外,外海深水区延绳式养殖设施抗风浪能力强,是开发利用外海深水区的一种良好方式     

特低渗透砂岩储层微裂缝特征及微裂缝参数的定量研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块为例

对鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块长6油藏进行精细描述,指出微裂缝对提高储层的渗流能力,提高特低渗油藏开发水平具有十分重要的意义.阐述了特低渗透储层的岩块、显裂缝系统及其各自特征,指出显裂缝大致由三组裂缝组成.研究认为:岩块系统包括基质和微裂缝两部分,微裂缝一般长度小于200 μm,规模小;两区块特低渗储层微裂缝呈条带状展布,且呈平行或雁式排列,具有明显的方向性,条带性随着岩性的变化而变化;可将微裂缝划分为有效缝和无效缝,有效缝对渗流起作用,无效缝充填方解石,对渗流不起作用.微裂缝和基质的储、渗性能差别很大,沿25区块微裂缝的储集能力是基质的0.0377倍,渗流能力是基质的42倍;庄40区块微裂缝的储集能力是基质的0.0337倍,渗流能力是基质的78倍.     

中国地级及以上城市对外开放度时空分异格局

对外开放是推动中国经济改革与发展的重要机制和动力,是国家繁荣发展的必由之路。以中国343个地级及以上行政单元为研究对象,通过构建熵值-突变系统模型从3个维度测算对外开放度;运用探索性空间数据分析、三维插值拟合分析及重心迁移、空间变差函数等方法,分析中国地级单元对外开放度的时空分异格局及演化的内在机理。结果显示：（1）中国地级单元对外开放度表现出明显的行政指向性、空间地带性和开放区域性等多重分异特征。对外开放度整体呈现东部 > 中部 > 东北 > 西部,南方 > 北方的特征;直辖市、副省级城市、省会城市、经济特区及沿海开放城市整体对外开放水平较高,地级市间差异较大;10 a间,对外开放度总体差异逐渐减小。（2）对外开放度存在明显的空间依赖性,表现为"小分散大集聚"的空间俱乐部趋同特征;10 a间,开放型纹理分散程度趋于提升,闭塞型纹理集聚程度趋于收敛,高原型整体呈破碎化分布。（3）中国对外开放度格局变异的随机成分在逐渐减小,空间自组织性和连续性较为显著,东北-西南方向均质性最好,东南-西北方向空间差异明显。科学剖析地级单元对外开放度时空格局分异及演化机理,对制定合理的对外开放战略和促进外向型经济与区域经济双轨融合发展具有重要的意义。     

灰色系统理论在地震预报中的应用

研究了灰色系统理论在地震预报中的应用，作为应用实例．对南北地震带北段及其邻近地区M≥6．0地震进行了建模和预测。根据模型检验精度、模型的关联度R、后验差比值C、小误差概率P等项指标说明所建模型可靠、精确．灰色系统理论用于地震预报是可行的。     

新特提斯洋打开于晚三叠世?——印度大陆北缘沉积响应

新特提斯洋是中生代位于北方欧亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的古大洋,它在青藏高原南部地区于新生代早期因印度-欧亚大陆碰撞而消亡,其遗迹为现今的印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带。新特提斯洋打开以拉萨地块从冈瓦纳大陆的裂离为标志。准确约束新特提斯洋的开启时间是重建冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程和特提斯洋演化历史的关键,但目前学术界对于新特提斯洋的开启时间还存在很大争议,不同学科方法的认识从早二叠世到晚三叠世不等。本文对新特提斯洋南侧印度被动大陆边缘二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层进行了系统的梳理,研究发现在早二叠世冰期结束之后,印度大陆北缘长期表现为稳定的沉积环境,显著的沉积环境变化仅发生在晚三叠世。晚三叠世的沉积环境变化伴随着沉积和沉降速率增加、沉积物源变化、双峰式火山活动以及古地理格局的重大改变。研究认为,晚三叠世印度大陆北缘沉积作用变化所记录的区域伸展作用很可能代表了新特提斯洋的开启。     

Evaluation of geological factors in characterizing fault connectivity during hydrocarbon migration: Application to the Bohai Bay Basin

Faults play an intricate role in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation since they can serve either as a conduit or a seal. Quantitative evaluation of fault opening/sealing properties requires the selection of valid and optimal parameters among numerous geological factors to characterize the hydraulic behaviors of faults. The present study focuses on the Chengbei Step-Fault Area in the Qikou Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China, because hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in this area occurred in a relatively short period so that accumulated hydrocarbons can be used as an indicator to deduce hydraulic connectivity of a fault zone between two sites. Various geological parameters pertinent to a fault, such as burial depth, dip angle, throw, strike, percentage of sandstone of faulted intervals, fluid pressure in faulted mudstone, stress normal to the fault plane, and shale gouge ratio, are analyzed to assess their effectiveness in characterizing fault connectivity. An index, the fault-connectivity probability (N_p), is proposed to evaluate the possibility that a fault has been once serving as a migration pathway. The statistical relationship between N_p and any a geological parameter may be used to indicate the effectiveness of this parameter in characterizing the connectivity of a fault during hydrocarbon migration. The correlation coefficient of a relationship is a good indicator of the effectiveness; and the results are generally in agreement with qualitative assessments. Parameters representing a single geological factor are generally ineffective, whereas those representing implicitly or explicitly two or more factors, such as shale gouge ratio, stress normal to the fault plane, and fault opening index, are more effective.     

名人故居免费开放对客源市场的影响——以孙中山故居为例

通过实地调研和2007～2010年孙中山故居客源市场统计数据,对孙中山故居免费开放后的客源市场变化情况进行了分析。研究表明免费开放对客源市场空间构成及消费行为产生了积极影响,并呈现以下特征:客流量逐年大幅度增加;周边地区及本地旅游市场集中度显著增加;游客数量春夏季增幅较大,在时间分布上相对均衡;客源市场消费动机日趋多元化,休闲旅游需求增加;游客购物行为明显增加。免费开放在一定程度上使孙中山故居从传统的教育基地馆变为大众休闲旅游场所,这种变化给予名人故居新的发展契机。针对客源市场的新需求,景区管理委员会应该改变管理思路,采取相应的经营管理措施。     

基于期刊论文时序特征的中国旅游研究30年历程与规律

以中文核心、CSSCI、CSCD为信息源,全面统计改革开放30年来国内旅游类期刊论文并主要分析其时序特征.结果表明:3大核心库中共有429种期刊刊载旅游论文;核心论文共计16791篇;旅游经济管理和旅游地理研究是论文主要方向;旅游学术论文发展可以分为4个阶段,其中1990年以前研究方向拓展最快,论文覆盖所有方向的89....     

Arc-parallel extension in preparation of the rotation of southwest Japan: Tectonostratigraphy and structures of the Lower Miocene Ichishi Group

Opening of the Japan Sea back arc basin was accompanied by extensional tectonics in the drifting southwest Japan arc. Various trends of Early Miocene grabens in the arc suggest multi-directional rifting, which necessarily involved strike-slip components of some of basin-margin faults. However, such components are not well understood. In this work we conducted a field survey in the Early Miocene Ichishi basin on the northern side of the Median Tectonic Line, central southwest Japan. We found that the basin was a compound of grabens that were formed along normal and sinistral strike-slip faults, the latter of which had northeast–southwest trends. The block faulting in this phase produced basement highs between sub-basins, which were filled with the lower part of the Ichishi Group. We found a low-angle angular unconformity at a middle horizon in the group, with which we define the upper and lower part of the group. The upper part onlapped both the basement highs and the lower part. It means that the transtensional basin formation ceased sometime between 18 and 17.5 Ma in the Ichishi area. The Ichishi basin turned subsequently into a sag basin subsided due to normal faulting probably along the Nunobiki-sanchi-toen fault zone. The transtension and the basin sag were driven by ENE–WSW extensional stress. This arc-parallel extension produced grabens various areas including Ichishi in the Early Miocene. The extensional deformation was eventually localized to the deep rift along the Fossa Magna to make the lithosphere under southwest Japan decoupled from that under northeast Japan. The decoupling allowed the rapid rotation of southwest Japan from ~17.5 Ma. The cluster of those grabens around the Ise bay probably determined the southeastern margin of the Kinki triangle.