Numerically based proposals for the stiffness and strength of masonry infills with openings in reinforced concrete frames

Aimed at investigating the effect of openings on the in‐plane behaviour of masonry infills in reinforced concrete frames, a parametric study is presented based on model calibration via experimental tests. Two types of openings are investigated: central window openings and different combinations of door and window openings based on the typologies of southern European countries. First, a finite element model of the structure is made using the DIANA software program. Then, after calibration with experimental results, a parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of the presence and location of the different types of openings on the in‐plane behaviour of the infilled frame. Finally, different equations for predicting the initial stiffness and lateral strength of infilled frames with any types of openings were obtained. An α factor related to the geometry of the piers between openings is proposed to take into account the location of the openings in the developed equations. Subsequently, the masonry infill panel is replaced by a diagonal strut. An empirical equation is also proposed for the width of an equivalent strut to replace a masonry infill panel with openings in such a way that they possess the same initial stiffness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高钻孔桩桩底压浆工效及保证质量的技术措施

钻孔桩桩底压浆技术是向钻孔灌注桩桩底沉渣和围岩土体内压入一定量水泥浆,使桩底沉渣和桩底一定范围土体孔隙内充满水泥浆液,经物理、化学作用使其强度大幅提高,从而实现单桩竖向承载力的提高。结合高铁钻孔桩桩底压浆施工实践,介绍了2种压浆工艺过程,阐明了提高压浆工效、保证注浆质量关键技术措施实施的重要性。     

新型平口式集沙仪对不同粒级颗粒的收集效率

目前,国内缺少对集沙仪集沙效率问题的深入研究。采用风洞实验手段,就新型平口式集沙仪对不同粒级颗粒的收集效率进行了研究。结果表明：该集沙仪对1～0.85、0.85～0.5、0.5～0.25、0.5～0.1、0.25～0.1、0.1～0.05、<0.1、<0.05mm粒级颗粒的平均收集效率分别为54.9%、59.6%、69.7%、52.6%、24.6%、21.0%、17.7%、13.2%,表现出对>0.25mm粒级颗粒收集效率较高、对<0.25mm粒级颗粒收集效率较低的特点。该集沙仪的集沙效率不是随着颗粒粒级增大而一直增大的,而是在0.5mm左右存在一个峰值。集沙仪的集沙效率没有表现出随风速变化的明显规律性,与各粒级颗粒风蚀强度之间也没有必然的联系。造成集沙仪对不同粒级颗粒收集效率差距较大的原因可能是不同粒级颗粒运动状态的差异和沙网孔径的大小。     

渗流应力耦合分析在溪洛渡电站坝址区的应用

把裂隙岩体概化为等效连续介质,建立了统一的渗流－弹塑性应力全耦合控制议程。坝区耦合分析表明耦合和不耦合分析所得的坝区渗流场有一定差别,耦合分析的厂房地下洞室顶部的水压力值增大,且洞室壁面的出渗量也增大。考虑耦合作用的地下洞室群区域的渗探优化布置仍需进一步的研究。     

应用力学机理的网络模拟预测隧洞超挖问题

概述了结构面的网络模拟技术的基本原理、方法和现状。在充分考虑岩石破裂的力学机理的基础上,结合野外测得的结构面特征参数,提出了一种基于力学机理分析的网络模拟技术,并把该技术运用到地下洞室的超挖预测中。通过某工程实例验证结果的准确性,预测的结果表明：考虑岩石破坏机理的网络模拟技术,能充分反映岩体结构面的几何特征,合理地预测地下洞室中的超挖问题。     

PRESENT SITUATION，FEATURE AND DEVELOPMENTAL IDEAS OF BORDER OPENING IN XINJIANG

ＰＲＥＳＥＮＴＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮ，ＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＬ　ＩＤＥＡＳＯＦＢＯＲＤＥＲＯＰＥＮＩＮＧＩＮＸＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＸｉｅＸｉａｎｇｆａｎｇ（谢香方）；ＬｉＣｈｕｎｈｕａ（李春华）（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅ...     

大数据视角的城市规划编制方法研究

大数据时代的来临,为城市规划编制方法带来新的突破契机,为实时动态获取城市居民生活和行为特征信息,评估和预测城市规划编制成果提供方法和技术支持。本文从大数据视角的城市规划思维方式出发,梳理了城市规划编制各阶段采用的大数据研究方法和技术,最后指出当前城市规划编制中存在的问题,以期促进大数据助推城市精准规划。     

An improved method for mapping tidal waterways based on remotely sensed waterlines: A case study in the Yellow River Delta,China

Abstract

Tidal waterways perform as the paths through which seawater invades. Their spatial-temporal variation with the shift in Yellow River’s route requires the accurate measurement of their status. Visual interpretation for delineating tidal waterways is inefficient due to a substantial amount of work. Buffer analysis provides an alternative to visual interpretation. However, it is difficult to use the buffer distance threshold to identify tidal waterways from other freshwater bodies. In this study, we present a straightforward method for mapping tidal waterways. First, we adopted the normalized difference water body index (NDWI) to extract water bodies. Waterlines were subsequently delineated based on a morphological opening filter with a kernel of 9?×?9. Finally, tidal waterways were mapped based on the proposed topological relation in ArcGIS. We showed the utility of this approach by mapping tidal waterways in the Yellow River Delta, China. The proposed method enables tidal waterways be mapped precisely and was replicable and universal in other similar studies.     

双拖网网口扩张的估算方法

本文用计算确定双拖网曳纲的空间形状与张力,估算在一定拖速下两船间距、水深与网具水平扩张的关系。根据模型试验测出的水平与垂直扩张值,换算出双拖网网口高度并与实测结果比较。可针对各级渔轮和生产条件,广泛计算并列出图表,以便在生产中用于双拖网调整。     

Zooplankton responses to sandbar opening in a tropical eutrophic coastal lagoon

The effects of a disturbance by sandbar opening on the zooplankton community were evaluated through a long-term study in an eutrophic and oligohaline system, Imboassica Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zooplankton samples and limnological data were collected monthly from March 2000 to February 2003. Before the sandbar was opened in February 2001, the lagoon showed eutrophic conditions, with high mean nutrient concentrations and low salinity (total nitrogen – TN = 190.28 μM, chlorophyll a content – Chl. a = 104.60 μg/L and salinity = 0.87′). During this period, the zooplankton species present, such as the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus havanaensis, were typical of freshwater to oligohaline and eutrophic environments. After the sandbar opening, the lagoon changed to a lower trophic status and increased salinity (TN = 55.11 μM, Chl. a = 27.56 μg/L and salinity = 19.64′). As a result, the zooplankton community came to consist largely of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, marine copepods and meroplanktonic larvae, mainly Gastropoda. Salinity was the main force structuring the zooplankton community after the sandbar opening. Two years after this episode, the prior zooplankton community had not reestablished itself, indicating a low resilience to this disturbance. The conditions developed prior to a sandbar opening can be crucial to the community responses in the face of this disturbance and for the capacity of the original zooplankton community to re-establish itself.