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31.
Clay mineralogy and whole-rock stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) of Upper Cretaceous marly sediments on the Basque-Cantabrian Basin have been integrated to determine the main effects of diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary factors in sections belonging to deep- (Barrika) and platform-marine (Isla de Castro, Villamartín and Olazagutía) settings.The mean values for the clay assemblages and δ18O exhibit notable differences among the sections, partially explainable by the influence of diagenesis. The Barrika sediments, with more diagenetically advanced illite-smectite (I-S) mixed-layer (R1, 70% illite), authigenic chlorite, and low δ18O (−4.05‰ PDB), experienced higher diagenetic grade than Isla de Castro and Olazagutía, which have R0 I-S (20% illite) and heavier δ18O. Villamartín was also affected by higher diagenesis than Isla de Castro and Olazagutía, given the occurrence of R1 I-S (60% illite) and low δ18O (−4.11‰ PDB). However, the absence of other clays in Villamartín (e.g. authigenic chlorite) is indicative of less diagenetic grade than Barrika. These results show the useful integration of clay mineralogy and stable isotopes to detect different diagenetic grades in distinct marine successions of the same basin.Despite being influenced by diagenesis, the clay mineralogy partially preserves its inherited signature. This allows detection of major contents of I-S and mica, and minor kaolinite, interpreted as indicative of warm palaeoclimatic conditions. High kaolinite content in Villamartín and absence of kaolinite in Isla de Castro, though, are considered to be a product of neither diagenesis nor palaeoclimatic influences. Instead, tectono-sedimentary causes, related to unsuitable conditions for clay formation and transport from the local source areas, contributed to original clay differences. The inferred effects of diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary factors make this work important to show the potentially great variety of controls on the clay mineralogy of marine sections, which are often uncritically treated in studies concerning the Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
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33.
藏北南羌塘盆地毕洛错地区下侏罗统曲色组石膏岩层 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对西藏自治区北部南羌塘盆地毕洛错地区下侏罗统曲色组石膏岩层进行了研究。根据岩石地层和生物地层资料,确认毕洛错地区的石膏岩层和油页岩为曲色组的一部分,地质时代为早侏罗世,并确认下侏罗统曲色组在区域上可能是寻找油气、油页岩资源的重要层位之一。 相似文献
34.
鱼卡煤田大煤沟组高分辨率层序地层特征及聚煤规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用高分辨率层序地层学理论和技术方法,综合地震、测井、岩芯和煤质资料对柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡煤田中下侏罗统大煤沟组地层河湖三角洲沉积体系进行高分辨率层序地层学分析,从中识别出短期、中期、长期3个级别的基准面旋回层序,划分出向上"变深"非对称型、向上"变浅"非对称型及对称型3种短期基准面旋回基本结构类型。依据等时地层对比法则进行不同级次基准面旋回层序的联井对比,建立了大煤沟组的等时地层格架,在等时地层格架内进行了煤层对比,并在等时地层格架内分析了聚煤规律。 相似文献
35.
36.
柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系不同沉积环境烃源岩生物标志物特征及其应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
柴达木盆地北缘地区侏罗系(中下侏罗统)的优质烃源岩主要发育于湖相与三角洲相环境。研究了不同时代、不同沉积环境中烃源岩的生物标志物组成特征,结果发现,有3类化合物的分布与组成差异显著,包括三环萜烷(C19、C20、C21)的分布型式、重排藿烷的丰度以及规则甾烷的相对组成。其中,不同时代的差异主要体现在规则甾烷组成上;而不同沉积环境的差异主要体现为三环萜烷(C19、C20、C21)的分布型式及重排藿烷的丰度。分析认为,这些差异与烃源岩的沉积环境及其生源组成有密切关系。据此,初步将这些参数应用于两方面研究,一是为划分地层沉积环境提供“生物标志物相标志”,二是研究油源对比,取得良好效果。因此,本文研究结果具有重要实用价值与参考意义。 相似文献
37.
Doline probability map using logistic regression and GIS technology in the central Ebro Basin (Spain) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In the surroundings of Zaragoza, karstification processes are especially intense in covered karst areas where fluvial terraces
lie directly on Tertiary evaporites. Since the beginning of Quaternary, these processes have lead to the development of collapse
and subsidence dolines with a wide range of sizes, which have significant economic impacts. To reduce economic impact and
increase safety, a regional analysis of this phenomenon is needed for spatial management. Therefore, a probability map of
dolines was developed using logistic regression and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. This paper covers the
selection of input data, manipulation of data using the GIS technology, and the use of logistic regression to generate a doline
probability map. The primary variable in the doline development in this area is geomorphology, represented by the location
of endorheic areas and different terrace levels. Secondary variables are the presence of irrigation and the water table gradient. 相似文献
38.
Zaragoza city is located in the central Ebro Basin, in the Iberian Peninsula. The fluvial terraces formed by the Ebro River
present a valuable resource of sand and gravel deposits. However, taking advantage of these available resources implies conflicts
with other land use interests like urban and industrial development as well as agricultural use, which has also traditionally
occupied the alluvial terraces. These deposits represent a substantial groundwater resource that should be preserved for future
generations. The development of spatial decision support systems (SDSS) has greatly assisted efforts for solving land-use
conflicts. These systems combine the benefits of geographic information systems (GIS) and decision support methodologies and
are therefore suitable to manage sustainable development of urban areas. In this contribution, an extraction suitability map
taking into consideration a variety of environmental criteria is created with the help of a SDSS. The method used is the analytical
hierarchy process which is integrated in ArcGIS. Areas most suitable to sand and gravel extraction are located in the high
terraces, and in those terraces covered by pediments where the thickness of resource is relatively high. These areas are far
from valuable natural areas, outside areas most vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and beneath soils with poor irrigation
characteristics. 相似文献
39.
This study presents a laboratory study of the following two aspects: (1) the influence of sea laver treatment acid on the
geoenvironmental properties of Ariake Sea tidal mud, and (2) the natural remediation effect on the sea laver treatment acid
contaminated Ariake Sea tidal mud caused by the upward seepage of pore water liquid in the mud. Firstly, the mechanisms of
the transport of sea laver treatment acid in the Ariake Sea tidal mud and the generation mechanisms of the upward seepage
flow in the Ariake Sea tidal mud are discussed. Secondly, a series of one-dimensional laboratory infiltration tests were carried
out to investigate the deterioration of the Ariake Sea tidal mud caused by the sea laver acid treatment practice. Test results
reveal that the acid treatment practice caused considerable change in the geochemical properties of the mud in terms of increase
in sulfide content and decrease in pH value. After the treatment by the sea laver treatment acid, the sulfide content of the
mud even exceeded the safe limit value for the benthos, which represents undesirable living condition for benthos. Thirdly,
series of laboratory fresh seawater infiltration tests for the deteriorated Iida site mud were conducted to illustrate this
natural remediation efficiency. It is found that with the infiltration of the fresh seawater, the sulfide content of the Iida
site mud was considerably reduced and pH value increased to an acceptable range for benthos living in the tidal flat mud.
With the increase in the infiltration time and the hydraulic gradient, the remediation efficiency could be increased. 相似文献
40.
The Dead Sea Basin is the lowest point on earth and is tectonically subsiding. During the Holocene Period the climate became much drier with increasing evaporation whereby initially lacustrine sediments were deposited from the non-marine brines, giving a multi-layered stratigraphy of lime carbonate and halite sediments. The lime carbonate sediments are comprised of laminated, clay to silt sized, clastic sediments (calcite) and authigenic aragonite and gypsum. The halite commonly appears as rock salt. Chemical industries, based on harvesting the salts from the Dead Sea, have developed on both the Israeli and the Jordanian sides of the basin. The lime carbonate soils are used for dike construction, and these soils, together with significant salt layers, are encountered in the foundations of structures, dikes, and tailings dams, requiring definition of their geotechnical properties. Use of standard soil mechanics definitions and testing approaches for the lime carbonates have been found inapplicable, particularly in view of their exceptionally high saline content, and it has been necessary to develop new concepts. The rock salt is encountered at shallow depths, with unit weights considerably lower than those usually discussed in the literature, and with correspondingly different mechanical properties. The geotechnical properties of these soils, and approaches used to define them, are discussed in the paper. 相似文献