Surface complexation at hydrous fluorapatite

The adsorption of H⁺, OH^– and ARS (Alizarin Red S) onto hydrous fluorapatite surfaces and Ca²⁺—ARS complexation in solution were studied by means of combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, as well as zeta potential and FT-IR measurements. Corresponding equilibrium constants of surface and solution reactions are determined. The application in flotation processes is discussed.     

速度光滑对反射地震信号的影响分析

光滑处理使得单界面成为非均匀薄层,界面反射转变为层反射.为了探讨光滑处理的影响,以平面波作为入射波场,首先利用过渡层反射系数推导了反射信号的理论公式,然后就非均匀薄层下反射系数的计算问题,给出了具体的实现算法,并通过与经典Epstein过渡层反射系数解析结果的对比说明了算法的精度.最后在单界面及其被光滑后界面的对比分析中,得出了几点重要结论：随着光滑次数的增加,反射信号的到时基本保持不变,而反射信号的主频与能量呈减少趋势,其中信号能量在低光滑次数的衰减速率明显大于高光滑次数.     

红壤退化中的土壤质量评价指标及评价方法

土壤质量评价与监测是评价土壤退化的重要工作,也是重新设计持续性的土壤管理系统的基础。目前缺乏统一的评价指标以及将各项土壤性质与土壤管理措施结合起来的评价方法。本文首先提出了选择红壤质量评价指标的原则,并从化学、物理学和生物学三个方面初步探讨了评价红壤质量动态变化可资采用的指标体系,综述了国内在南方丘陵区红壤质量演化的研究中应用的指标;最后从土地评价方法中选择了可用于红壤质量评价的方法,并简要综述了国际上最新的土壤质量评价方法。     

赣西北修水、武宁地区中新生代“红盆”地质时代和沉积相研究

通过新发现的古生物资料分析,确定了赣西北修水、武宁地区的武宁、三都及马坳盆地的地层时代。对3个盆地的沉积相进行了详细的划分和描述,查明其为冲积扇沉积类型;划分出22个岩相,归属于泥石流、泥流、颗粒流、水道(包括主水道和分枝水道2个次级类型)、片流、筛积和洪泛7个沉积类型。重力流沉积分布在扇根或主要沉积旋回的底部,其类型的差别与邻近物源区的岩性有关;分枝水道、片流及筛积主要分布在扇中,交错层理及砾石叠瓦状构造发育,主要呈现牵引流特征;扇缘主要为洪泛沉积夹少量决口扇成因的砂砾岩透镜体,钙结壳发育,反映了一种干旱强蒸发的古气候环境。     

甘肃西峰红粘土~4.5Ma孢粉记录的植被转变及其与青藏高原隆升的关系

甘肃西峰红粘土剖面蕴涵了大量古环境和古气候变化信息,是重建黄土高原生态环境和气候演化的重要地质记录。通过对红粘土地层孢粉学研究,发现孢粉组合特征在~4.5Ma发生了明显转变,乔木植物花粉明显减少,草本植物花粉大量增加,尤其是藜科花粉百分含量显著增加,麻黄出现频率明显增高;孢粉类型C/A(Chenopodiaceae/Artemisia)和B/A(Betula/Artemisia)的比值发生显著变化,反映研究区从~4.5Ma开始植被类型由稀疏森林草原逐步转变为典型草原,甚至荒漠草原,揭示了亚洲内陆生态环境的一次显著变干事件。这一信息与前人研究红粘土中其他替代性指标指示的气候变干过程具有很好的一致性。孢粉组合中藜科植物含量在此时迅速递增,反映黄土高原气候的季节性反差明显加强。青藏高原在~4.5Ma发生的隆升可能是导致这次亚洲内陆干旱化的主要驱动因素,高原对暖湿气流的屏障和加强季节性反差可能是导致干旱化的重要途径。     

Organic Material and Trace Elements of Bituminous Rocks in the Ozank(?)y Field,Ankara,Turkey

Bituminous rocks in the Ozank(?)y(Ankara) field are different from those of the Paleocene- Eocene Mengen and Güineytepe(Bolu) regions in metal enrichment levels.Organic carbon(C_(org)) content of organic material-rich rocks in the Ozank(?)y(Ankara) field is 3.66-40.72% wt averaging 14.34%.The dominant organic materials are algae/amorphous accompanied by minor amount of herbaceous material(The dominant kerogen type is Type-Ⅰwith a limited amount of Type-Ⅱkerogen.). The bituminous rocks in the Ozank(?)y field are enriched in heavy metals such as Ni,Mn,As and Cr.In comparison with the average enrichment values of elements,Ni,Mn,As and Cr in bituminous shales of the Ozank(?)y field are as about 4.38,14.93,10.90 and 5.58 times as average values.The average concentrations of these heavy metals are also as high as 215×10~(-6),828×10~(-6),58.54×10~(-6),and 148×10~(-6) respectively.In addition,sorption properties of clay and organic materials are also important for metal enrichments in the bituminous shales.     

黄土热释光测年问题

回顾了热释光测年的简史,展示了我国黄土热释光测年的现状,表明尚达不到建立可靠而精确的地质年代标尺的要求,其原因在于问题的复杂性,而主要是样品的残余热释光信号问题。目前,红外光释光法的初步成功显示了良好的前景。     

Some applications of humidity profiles estimated from INSAT infra red digital cloud imagery data

Moisture profiles have been estimated over the region bounded by the latitudes 40°N and 40°S and longitudes 30°E to 130°E using INSAT digital infra red cloud imagery data. The representativeness of these profiles in representing moisture field associated with the development and movement of synoptic scale systems during the period September 15th, 1996 to March 31st, 1997 has been examined. It has been shown that the changes in the moisture field associated with the withdrawal of the southwest and northeast monsoons from the Indian sub-continent, development and movement of synoptic scale sytems (depressions, tropical cyclones and waves in easterlies) and equatorial troughs in the Indian Ocean could be clearly seen in humidity profiles. The initial development of tropical systems is first seen in the humidity field in the upper troposphere. These profiles could be used in monitoring the initial development and subsequent movement of tropical systems. Further the data on moisture distribution from the data gap regions of the Indian Ocean could be used as an additional source of moisture in numerical analysis and prognosis.     

超临界萃取技术在生物资源开发和有机废水处理中的应用研究

超临界萃取技术在生物资源开发和有机废水处理中的应用研究＠刘华￥中国科学院地球化学研究所超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取,有机废水处理,珊瑚姜油,辣椒色素超临界萃取技术在生物资源开发和有机废水处理中的应用研究刘华（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳５５０００２）收稿日期：１９...     

防冒浆泥浆优化设计软件的开发与应用

冒浆问题不仅给工程带来影响和经济损失,同时还对当地的环境保护造成一定程度的影响,严重时还会危及地表建筑物的安全,本文介绍了针对冒浆问题自主研发的防冒浆泥浆优化设计软件。