褐藻胶裂解酶产生菌Vibro sp．OY102的发酵条件优化

对海洋来源的Vibro sp．QY102的产褐藻胶裂解酶的发酵条件进行研究。结果表明，该菌株最适液体培养基成分为（w／v）：0．5％褐藻酸钠；0．4％蛋白胨；0．3％KH2PO4；0．7％K2HPO4·3H2O；2％NaCl；0．01％MgSO4·7H2O，pH=6．0。按3％的接种量接入培养基，30℃150r／min振荡培养120h，产酶达到10．2u／mL，为优化前的4．5倍。Mg^2＋是该菌株产酶所必需的，这在其他褐藻胶裂解酶生产菌株中未见报道。该菌株产酶发酵条件的研究，为褐藻胶裂解酶的大规模制备及应用奠定了基础。     

阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)抗氧化功能的影响

以草鱼为实验对象,采用不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行10天暴露实验,研究阴离子表面活性剂对鱼类抗氧化酶的影响。急性毒性实验表明,SDS对草鱼的96hLC50为5·2mg/L。亚致死浓度SDS暴露可导致草鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性发生变化。在所有受检组织中,SOD和GSH-Px活性在暴露初期均受到不同程度的诱导,但随着SDS浓度升高和暴露时间延长,酶活性均呈明显的下降趋势,提示SDS暴露所引起的酶活性变化与暴露浓度和暴露时间有一定的相关性。此外,实验还显示两种抗氧化酶在草鱼各组织中的分布均存在明显差异。其中,肝脏SOD和红细胞GSH-Px活性较高,易于检测,且对SDS胁迫敏感。这些结果表明,SDS暴露对草鱼具有一定毒性,对抗氧化酶活性亦有明显的负面影响。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定含锡矿石中的锡

通过用过氧化钠分解试样,盐酸-酒石酸-双氧水浸取,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中的锡。该方法检出限为10μg/g,相对标准偏差为1.95%~4.83%。该方法经国家一级标准物质验证,分析结果与国家标准值相符,且实验步骤简单,快速准确,提高了工作效率,可用于大批量样品的检测。     

小导管注浆处理顶管涌水技术

结合实际顶管工程,从地质条件出发分析涌水原因和注浆处理涌水的作用机理,详细讨论了小导管处理涌水的施工工艺。注浆效果检查表明小导管注水泥-水玻璃双液浆处理裂隙和地下水发育的围岩涌水地质条件效果明显,加固措施可行,为顶管工程在施工中和后期运营提供安全保证。     

Effects of alginate gel on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi

Effects of alginate gel at different concentrations on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi were investigated. Alginate gel (1% - 3%) exhibited enhanced effects, especially when alginate gel concentration increased. The rheological properties of mixture samples were studied by the time sweep, frequency sweep and temperature sweep. The critical strain values of the mixture samples for the onset of non-linear viscoelasticity were about 5%. The storage modulus G’ of the mixture samples increased with time for 4 h. The frequency sweep showed that G’ was greater than G" for all the mixture gels with different alginate gel concentrations, and values of both n’ and n" for all samples were low (<0.2), these constants corresponding to G’ and G", and indicating the elasticity of mixture gels. The values of storage modulus G’ decreased during heating process and increased with decreasing temperature.     

Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

两种不同海洋生物材料对大鼠急性创面修复效果的研究

为研究来源于海洋的鱼类胶原蛋白和海藻酸盐对创面的修复效果,建立大鼠皮肤急性创面模型,对两种材料的功效进行探索。研究采用临床常用创面敷料使用方法,将两种材料植入创面处,采用细胞生物学、病理学等方法进行观察评价。结果显示,鱼胶原蛋白和海藻酸盐均具有良好的生物相容性和诱导创面修复能力,但在诱导血管长入、材料降解融合以及整体创面修复状态等方面,鱼类胶原蛋白要优于海藻酸盐。结果证明,两种不同的海洋生物材料均可以创造良好的伤口愈合环境,有效促进创面的修复。     

碱性溶液中BH_4~-的电化学氧化机理及伏安法测定

对比Na BH4碱性溶液Cu、Ag、Ni、Pt和Au电极的循环伏安特性发现,BH-4在Au电极上活性最强,Pt有一定的活性,而Cu、Ag及Ni几乎没有活性。用三电极体系研究了BH-4在Au电极上的氧化机理,分析了碱性体系中不同浓度Na BH4溶液的线性循环伏安特性,讨论了扫描速度、OH-和B(OH)-4浓度等对BH-4氧化峰电位及峰电流的影响。结果表明,以Au电极为工作电极的峰值电流法是BH-4离子定性和定量检测的一种简单、快速、准确的方法。同时,溶液中较大浓度范围内变化的OH-和B(OH)-4对Na BH4的分析无明显影响。     

五水合五硼酸钠溶解热测定及其热力学性质

不同形态硼酸盐焓、熵、吉布斯自由能等热力学参数极为缺乏,其准确测定对丰富和发展盐湖硼酸盐化学理论至关重要。采用微量热计测定了五水合五硼酸钠(NaB₅O₈·5H₂O)溶解热。根据设计的热化学循环和热力学基本公式,获得了NaB₅O₈·5H₂O在298.15 K下标准生成焓(△H^θ_f,NaB₅O₈·5H₂O,-5189.4820kJ·ml^-1)、标准生成熵(△S^θ_f,NaB₅O₈·5H₂O,701.2728J·mol^-1·K^-1)、标准生成吉布斯自由能(△G^θ_f,NaB₅O₈·5H₂O,-5398.566.kJ·mol^-1)等等热力学参数。这些基础热力学参数的获得对丰富无机盐热力学数据和促进盐湖资源综合利用具有重要意义。     

海藻酸钠添加量对琼胶-结冷胶复合膜性能的影响

研究海藻酸钠添加量对琼胶-结冷胶膜复合膜的水溶性、机械强度和水蒸汽阻隔性能的影响,并用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析复合膜的相容性。结果表明,多糖之间有较强的氢键作用和良好的相容性;添加20%的海藻酸钠能使复合膜的溶解时间从360s下降到86s,低湿度下(RH=33%)的水蒸气透过率也有所下降,高湿度下(RH=94%)的水蒸气透过率无较大变化。添加海藻酸钠于琼胶-结冷胶复合膜中,复合膜的水溶性有了明显的提高,并且具有良好的力学性能和水蒸气阻隔性能,有望成为一种食品内包装膜。