九华山花岗岩体钠交代特征与成矿作用的初步探讨

本文分析和归纳了花岗岩、钠交代岩的产出条件、蚀变特征,论述了岩体中热液活动阶段划分及蚀变流体的演化。探讨了钠交代作用及其蚀变岩石对铍铀成矿所起的控制作用。     

沧州地下咸水成因分析

河北沧州地区咸水资源丰富,本文以探明沧州地区地下咸水成因为目的,从沧州咸水的分布入手,对氯离子分布,土层易溶盐的分布,地下水含碘量以及同位素特征进行研究,得出东部滨海地区的咸水以海相成因类型为主,西部内陆地区以陆相成因类型为主,二者之间的中间地区为海陆交替过渡带类型.浅层成水除沿海地区外,主要受大陆盐化作用影响.     

Crystallisation of sodium sulfate: supersaturation and metastable phases

Crystallisation of sodium sulfate solutions by evaporation under controlled climatic conditions has revealed the existence of crystalline hydrated sodium sulfate salts not previously reported. The sodium sulfate phase crystallising and the concentration of the solution at the point of crystallisation depends on the climatic conditions (temperature and evaporation rate). During the rehydration of the anhydrous sodium sulfate phase, thenardite, another previously unreported phase was formed prior to the nucleation of the stable phase, mirabilite Na₂SO₄ · 10H₂O. The addition of organic inhibitors changes both the crystallisation and the rehydration behavior in this system.     

Synthesis of sodium zeolites from a natural halloysite

 The kinetics of hydrothermal crystallisation of sodium zeolites from a natural mixture of halloysite and amorphous silica with Si/Al ≈ 4 was investigated. The sample collected at Scarpara (Tuscania, Italy) is the final product of an intense hydrothermal alteration process on the pre-existing leucitic tufites. In order to enhance its reactivity in the NaOH solution, the sample was thermally activated at 600 °C for 1 h. The hydrothermal crystallisation sequence of zeolites formed in the range 90–150 °C has been followed using real-time synchrotron powder diffraction. The reaction kinetics of Na-X, Na-P and analcime were analysed using a model developed for the study of the kinetic data from X-ray diffraction experiments. Na-X and Na-P cocrystallize with an autocatalytic nucleation at lower isothermal temperatures and with a heterogeneous nucleation at higher isothermal temperatures. Na-X tends to dissolve before Na-P, which in turn transforms into analcime. This work is part of a general project on the kinetics of formation of zeolites from clay precursors which is important for either engineering and production of valuable industrial materials and for the interpretation of poorly understood processes of formation of zeolites in natural hydrothermal environments. Received: 7 November 2000 / Accepted: 19 March 2001     

Hydrogen incorporation in enstatite in the system MgO–SiO2–H2O–NaCl

The incorporation of hydrogen in enstatite in a hydrous system containing various amounts of NaCl was investigated at 25 kbar. The hydrogen content in enstatite shows a clear negative correlation to the NaCl-concentration in the system. The most favourable explanation is the reduction of water fugacity due to dilution. Other reasons for the limited hydrogen incorporation at high NaCl levels, such as a significant influence of Na⁺ on the defect chemistry or an exchange between OH^- and Cl⁻in enstatite, appear much less important. A partition coefficient D _Na ^En/Fluid = 0.0013 could be determined, demonstrating that Na is less incompatible in enstatite than H. The new results support the idea that dissolved components have to be considered when the total hydrogen storage capacity in nominally anhydrous minerals is estimated, especially in geological settings with high levels of halogens, such as subduction zones.     

廊坊地区中间层顶钠原子垂直动力学输送特征观测分析

利用中科院国家空间科学中心廊坊观测站(40.0°N, 116.3°E)钠荧光多普勒激光雷达观测数据对钠原子的重力波输送和湍流输送进行分析, 利用流星雷达观测数据对钠原子的环流输送进行分析, 结果显示重力波动力学输送、重力波化学输送、湍流混合输送及环流输送对钠原子输送贡献的量级相当.其中重力波动力学输送在85~100 km整体为负向, 在90~95 km占主要地位的平均输送速度为-3.1 cm·s-1; 重力波化学输送在85~94 km为正向, 94~100 km基本为负向, 在85~90 km占主要地位的平均输送速度为3.3 cm·s-1; 湍流混合输送在85~95 km为负向, 95~100 km为正向, 在85~90 km占主要地位的平均输送速度为-4.9 cm·s-1; 85~100 km环流输送整体为正向, 平均输送速度为1 cm·s-1.88~95 km四种动力学输送产生的平均合速度为-1 cm·s-1, 负向的垂直输送特征对钠原子"源""汇"平衡十分重要.本文结果可为不同大气圈层之间重力波产生的能量物质交换机制研究和圈层之间的耦合过程研究提供观测事实参考, 为大气化学成分的垂直输送机制建模提供参数化依据.     

中纬度中间层顶钠原子密度高度分布的长期变化趋势研究(2010—2021)

中间层顶/低热层区域(the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere,简称MLT)的高度为70~110 km,为了研究这一区域对太阳活动的响应,本文以钠原子为示踪物,对北京延庆(116.0°E,40.5°N)钠共振荧光激光雷达2010年1月—2021年8月近一个太阳活动周期的数据进行了分析,发现钠原子柱密度的长期变化显著,与太阳黑子数的变化呈现出正相关趋势.延庆钠层质心高度的线性趋势在这期间总共上升了311.4±706.6 m,长期变化趋势并不显著.自2018年开始,半高全宽对应的高度范围出现了明显的增加,但是上边沿升高的幅度不大,目前受到广泛关注的热层金属层的观测与研究更依赖于激光雷达探测灵敏度的提升.

     

温度、照度和氮磷营养盐对长茎葡萄蕨藻富硒的影响

【目的】探索富硒长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpalentillifera)的培养条件。【方法】以亚硒酸钠(Na_2SeO_3)为硒源,采用单因素实验,研究不同硒浓度对长茎葡萄蕨藻的生长、光合色素和硒富集量的影响,通过正交实验,找出适宜长茎葡萄蕨藻富硒的最佳温度、照度和氮磷比组合条件。【结果】在亚硒酸钠0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0mg/L条件下,随亚硒酸钠添加量增加,藻体硒质量分数(干基)从1.70μg/g增加至50.10μg/g,且各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);亚硒酸钠添加量2.0 mg/L时,藻体硒质量分数达到11.7μg/g;添加量大于2.0 mg/L时,显著抑制藻体的生长(P<0.05),藻体叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著性降低(P<0.05);添加量低于2.0 mg/L时,藻体的生长、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均无显著性差异;类胡萝卜素含量各组间无明显变化。在培养液亚硒酸钠质量浓度为2.0 mg/L的条件下,藻体最适的生长条件组合是温度28℃、照度2 000 lx、氮磷比10∶1,藻体的最优富硒条件是温度24℃、照度2 000 lx、氮磷比8∶1。【结论】长茎葡萄蕨藻在开发含硒安全性功能海藻食品方面有较大应用潜力。     

螺旋藻制取叶绿素铜钠盐

用乙醇提取螺旋藻中的叶绿素,再用５％ＮａＯＨ溶液皂化、石油醚萃取,在酸性环境中用１０％ＣｕＳＯ４溶液实现铜镁置换,沉淀物经丙配溶解后,加２％ＮａＯＨ的乙醇溶液成盐,过滤,水洗,真空干燥,制成叶绿素铜钠盐．制品的质量达到ＧＢ３２６２－８２的要求．提取率为６４．７％,制品得率占藻粉１．１％。着重对铜镁置换的条件、制品耐酸、耐热、耐光等性能进行了对比试验,结果表明整个工艺是切实可行的．