Instruments, Detectors and the Future of Astronomy with Large Ground Based Telescopes

Results of a survey of instrumentation and detector systems, either currently deployed or planned for use at telescopes larger than 3.5 m, in ground based observatories world-wide, are presented. This survey revealed a number of instrumentation design trends at optical, near, and mid-infrared wavelengths. Some of the most prominent trends include the development of vastly larger optical detector systems (> 10⁹ pixels) than anything built to date, and the frequent use of mosaics of near-infrared detectors – something that was quite rare only a decade ago in astronomy. Some future science applications for detectors are then explored, in an attempt to build a bridge between current detectors and what will be needed to support the research ambitions of astronomers in the future.     

New friends in new places: Network formation during the migration process among Poles in the UK

This paper contributes to on-going work that seeks to understand the dynamic nature of immigrant social network formation. We explore three propositions, derived from the literature, that might be expected to characterise the ways in which migrant associational ties evolve during and immediately after arrival in their destination country. Evidence is drawn from 42 interviews conducted between January and December 2008 with predominantly Polish migrants to the UK (28) as well as domestic service providers (14). In agreement with the existing literature on immigrant social network formation we find that weak associational ties between migrants are locally dense and rapidly formed. More surprisingly, we also find that the Poles in our sample from lower socio-economic groups tended to rely heavily upon weak associational ties while higher socio-economic group Poles tended to rely on associations made through their employing institutions. This illustrates the importance of socio-economic status in framing co-ethnic migrant network formation. This is significant because we also find that weak associational ties are not unambiguously beneficial to lower socio-economic group migrants who tend to (have to be) more compromising about, and therefore more compromised by, the social ‘friendships’ that result.     

守初心耕海探洋七十载 担使命披风踏浪砥砺行——中国科学院海洋研究所70年发展纪实

中国科学院海洋研究所是新中国第一个专门从事海洋科学研究的国立科研机构,她的70年光辉历程是我国海洋科技事业从无到有、从弱到强的发展缩影,是新中国海洋科学调查研究自主创新发展历程的真实写照。本文简要介绍中国科学院海洋研究所的主要发展历程,回顾70年来取得的主要科技成就,并围绕新形势下建设海洋大科学研究中心等改革发展举措,讨论和展望研究所的未来发展。     

国际地球科学研究热点与发展态势分析

本文以2007~2011年SCI E各年度居前10% 的高被引论文为统计分析源,从国际地球科学研究论文的总体概况、研究的主要国家和机构、研究热点等方面对近年来地球科学的发展现状和发展态势进行文献计量分析,旨在为相关管理部门了解地球科学研究发展态势提供参考。     

论滑坡学

滑坡学可分为理论滑坡学和应用滑坡学．前者的分支有：滑坡发生学、滑坡运动学、滑坡组构学、滑坡形态学、滑坡断代－周期学、滑坡分类学、滑坡分布学、滑坡制图学、滑坡编目学和滑坡数据库系统等．应用滑坡学含滑坡研究方法论、技术手段和滑坡防御工程等．     

Combining Geography,Math, and Science to Teach Climate Change and Sea Level Rise

This study examines the effectiveness of integrating geography into existing math and science curriculum to teach climate change and sea level rise. The desired outcome is to improve student performance in all three subjects. A sample of 120 fifth graders from three schools were taught the integrated curriculum over a period of two to three weeks. They were given a pretest and posttest comprised of questions measuring knowledge relevant to the lesson in terms of geography, math, science, and spatial skills. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted to determine significant differences in student performance. These t-tests indicate statistically significant improvements in all but one instance across all subjects, at all schools for both boys and girls. No statistically significant results were observed for a control group of an additional twenty-seven fifth graders. These results demonstrate the value of combining geography with math and science to improve student performance in STEM knowledge.     

地质学领域科研人员参与科普：现状调查与促进建议

地质学领域科研人员参与科普对地质学科发展、科普高质量发展和经济社会发展有着重要的推动作用。调查结果显示,大多数地质学领域科研人员认可科普的作用和意义,愿意积极参与科普活动。然而,保障力度不够、传播渠道不畅、科普内容不深入、科普能力不均衡问题相对突出。增强地质科研单位科普责任意识,强化相关科协和学会的职能,加强晋升激励、奖酬激励及考核激励体系建设,加大地质科普技能培训和经验交流,引导地质科研人员提升科普能力,是促进地质学领域科研人员参与科普的关键。     

国际及中国地球科学发展态势文献计量分析

以SCI、ESI（基本科学指标数据库）、GEOREF等数据库为统计分析源,对1993—2003年国际及中国地球科学的发展现状和发展态势从文献计量学的角度进行统计分析,分析了国际地球科学论文产出的主要领域、国家、机构、科学家和期刊,对中国地球科学论文产出的主要领域进行比较分析,并通过论文产出、被引频次、篇均被引频次和国际1%顶尖论文数量对比反映中国的科学影响力。结果表明,国际环境科学和生态学研究论文增长很快,占地球科学相关主题领域论文的比例也比较大,但中国生态学研究论文无论从占国内22个学科论文产出的比例,还是从占全球该领域的比例来说都有较大差距;中国地质科学领域研究重点在地球化学、金属矿产和能源的经济地质学,但在环境地质学领域研究相对较少,而国际上环境地质学研究论文的发展已经大大高于传统的地质学论文。     

遥感的科学推动作用与重点应用领域

在调研国内外遥感案例的基础上,论述了遥感在推动地球系统科学发展方面的作用,及在我国的重点应用领域。遥感催生了全球变化研究,使得人类得以从新的视角来探索地球上的生命未来;遥感推动了地球科学从定性到定量、从描述到分析、从单站点到多时空尺度的变革,诸多新兴交叉学科应运而生。遥感是应用驱动的,一致性及可对比性是定量遥感的核心,也是遥感深化应用的基础。遥感应用于众多领域,但不同的国家基于各自的国情有不同的侧重点,其中,维护国家全球利益、灾害快速响应与灾后评估、第三方独立监督、保障国防安全是我国的应用重点。     

Environmental governance through “Speaking Like an Indigenous State” and respatializing resources: Ethical livelihood concepts in Bolivia as versatility or verisimilitude?

This research addresses recent environmental governance in Bolivia through its relations to indigeneity and respatializations. It introduces and develops the concept of “speaking like an indigenous state” to examine the Bolivian state’s recent use of a pair of indigenous linguistic concepts, Living Well and Earth Mother, representing the identities of citizens and their rights to resources and livelihoods. State relations to indigenous social movements highlight the use of Living Well and Earth Mother concepts through accommodation, resistance, and protaganism. Six active issues of environmental governance are examined: (1) climate change and justice movement; (2) agrarian reform, agrobiodiversity, and food justice; (3) water resources; (4) indigenous territories; (5) Protected Areas; and (6) extractive industries (mining, hydrocarbons). The usages of Living Well and Earth Mother show versatility as they have been mobilized in the respatializing of the politics and social-power dynamics of environmental issues at scales of the state, global and international institutions, and community and local levels. Analysis also reveals deployment of Living Well and Earth Mother that is discursively influential and yet conceptually reduced and unevenly applied, thus suggesting a characteristic of verisimilitude. My analysis determines that respatialization at various levels, including territorial transitions of sub-national regional spaces, are associated with the heightened articulation of environmental governance through indigeneity and “speaking like an indigenous state” amid resource nationalism. Linkages and logics operating within this conjuncture differ from the prevailing interpretation of the Bolivian state’s use of Living Well and Earth Mother as solely an unwitting contradiction or instrumentalist camouflage.