三峡二期工程蓄水后的垂直形变场

根据三峡地区的数字高程模型(DEM)，模拟三峡二期工程蓄水位达到135m后的水体负载，利用Farrell提出的质量负荷产生的地球形变理论，推算三峡水库水位达到135m后整个库区的垂直形变，与三峡库区GPS形变监测网获得的蓄水前后的垂直形变图像进行对比分析，结果显示：在三斗坪-巴东库段，两者中都出现了3个相同的、明显的垂直形变集中区。在三峡大坝附近，模拟结果比观测结果大8～15mm，说明坝址附近的花岗岩具有较强的刚性；而在香溪，模拟结果比观测结果要小23mm，且GPS观测到长江两岸的垂直变化差异达到22mm，说明该段地质构造的特殊性和复杂性。综合分析表明，三峡大坝坝址所在地的地质构造和地壳是稳定的。     

路基土动荷载下力学行为研究进展

从试验研究、模型和本构关系研究两大部分入手,介绍了路基土在动荷载作用下的塑性及回弹行为、安定行为与临界应力水准及其判别、应变速率、固结沉降与固结度、动力本构模型、孔压模型、应变软化、应交硬化等基本特征,对比分析了国内外对路基土动荷载下力学行为研究的最新进展,总结了当前路基土研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了今后研究的发展趋势.     

Contributions of phosphatase and microbial activity to internal phosphorus loading and their relation to lake eutrophication

Phosphatase may accelerate the process of lake eutrophication through improving phosphorus bioavailability. This mechanism was studied in three Chinese eutrophic shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, Lake Longyang and Lake Lianhua). Phosphatase activity was related to the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and chlorophyll a. Stability of dissolved phosphatase in reverse micelles may be attributed to molecular size, conformation and active residues of the enzyme. At the site with Microcystis bloomed in Lake Taihu, dissolved phosphatase activity was higher and more stable in micelles, SRP concentrations were lower in interstitial water, the contents of different forms of phosphorus and the amounts of aerobic bacteria were lower while respiration efficiency was higher in sediments. Phosphobacteria, both inorganic and organic and other microorganisms were abundant in surface water but rare in sediments. Therefore, internal phosphorus may substantially flux into water column by enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic release, together with mobility of bacteria, thereby initiating the bloom. In short, biological mechanism may act in concert with physical and chemical factors to drive the internal phosphorus release and accelerate lake eutrophication.     

Cyclic shear response of channel-fill Fraser River Delta silt

The cyclic shear response of a channel-fill, low-plastic silt was investigated using constant-volume direct simple shear testing. Silt specimens, initially consolidated to stress levels at or above the preconsolidation stress, displayed cyclic-mobility-type strain development during cyclic loading without static shear stress bias. Liquefaction in the form of strain softening accompanied by loss of shear strength did not manifest regardless of the applied cyclic stress ratio, or the level of induced excess pore water pressure, suggesting that the silt is unlikely to experience flow failure under cyclic loading. The cyclic shear resistance of the silt increased with increasing overconsolidation ratio (OCR) for OCR>1.3. The silt specimens that experienced high equivalent excess cyclic pore water pressure ratios (r_u>80%) resulted in considerable volumetric strains (2.5%–5%) during post-cyclic reconsolidation implying potentially significant changes to the particle fabric under cyclic loading.     

Settlements under consecutive series of cyclic loading

In this study, consolidation settlements of soft clay caused by cyclic loading and the affecting factors such as number of cycles and stress level were experimentally investigated. A group of samples prepared in slurry consolidometer in the laboratory were tested using cyclic simple shear testing device. Normally consolidated samples were subjected to five consecutive series of cyclic loading and drainage for 60 min were applied between each cyclic loading stages. Cyclic tests were performed with stress controlled two-way sinusoidal wave loading with different stress levels and number of cycles. Frequency of cyclic loading was constant as 0.1 Hz. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that soft clays subjected to undrained cyclic loading and drainage cycles exhibit more resistance against subsequent cyclic shear stresses. The consolidation settlements, pore pressures and shear strains decrease after each stage of cyclic loading.     

An estimate of the errors in gravity ocean tide loading computations

The error contributions within the ocean tide loading (OTL) convolution integral computation were determined to be able to estimate the numerical accuracy of the gravity OTL values. First, the comparison of four OTL programs by different authors (CONMODB, GOTIC2, NLOADF and OLFG/OLMPP) at ten globally distributed gravity stations using exactly the same input values shows discrepancies between 2% and 5%. A new program, called CARGA, was written that is able to reproduce the results of these programs to a level of 0.1%. This has given us the ability to state with certainty the cause of the discrepancies among the four programs. It is shown that by choosing an appropriate interpolation of the Green’s function, refinement of the integration mesh and a high-resolution coastline, an accuracy level of better than 1% can be obtained for stations in Europe. Besides this numerical accuracy, there are errors in the ocean tide model such as a 1% uncertainty in the mean value of the sea-water density and the lack of conservation of tidal water mass, which can produce offsets of around 0.04 μgal.     

住宅楼地基托换与纠偏实例

通过工程实例介绍对发生倾斜的住宅楼采用锚杆静压桩进行地基托换加固、顶升法纠偏的处理方法，并且总结了采用该法施工需要注意的一些问题。     

基于活动地块边界带的加卸载响应比参数对海城地震中短期预测的应用

地震构造是强震发生的必要基础，强震的孕育和发生与构造密切相关。强震的孕育和发生不仅与震中周围构造有关，而且与孕震区所在的整个构造带有关。这就表明整个构造带的地震活动性与未来强震都有关联，因此，我们在做测震学参数异常预测地震时，必须考虑整个构造带的地震活动。过去我们常以震中周围地区的地震活动资料来做测震学参数的异常分析，可能会丢失部分信息。本文进行了地震构造分区和构造单元的划分，把加卸载响应比参数和张家口一渤海边界带有机结合，对基于活动地块边界带的加卸载响应比参数在海城地震预测中的应用进行了研究，结果预测效果很好。这种方法对边界带的地震危险性判定有某种参考价值。