Spatial variability of the poroelastic response of the heterogeneous medium

In this work, a stochastic methodology is applied to analyze the variability of the poroelastic response of the heterogeneous medium at the field scale. To solve the problem analytically, we restrict our attention to the one-dimensional models, where fluid flow as well as deformation occurs in one direction only under a constant applied stress. Assuming statistic homogeneity, the closed-form solutions that describe the variability of fluid pressure head, and a solid's strain and displacement are developed using a spectral approach based on Fourier–Stieltjes representations for the perturbed quantities. The influence of the correlation length of the log hydraulic conductivity on these results is investigated. It is found that the variances of the solid's strain and displacement increase with the correlation length of the log hydraulic conductivity, while the correlation length of the log hydraulic conductivity plays the role in reducing the variability of the specific discharge.     

Modelling mid‐channel bars in meandering channels

An analytical modelling framework is proposed to reproduce the frequently observed but poorly studied occurrence of mid‐channel bars in meandering channels. Mid‐channel bars occur in meanders and may characterize transitional morphologies between pure meandering and braided rivers. Based on existing field and experimental observations, we propose that two different mechanisms can generate central topographical patterns in meanders. A former mechanism (‘width‐forced’) is related to spatial width oscillations which determine a laterally symmetrical bed shear stress pattern that promotes mid‐channel bars. A second mechanism (‘curvature‐forced’) can take place also in curvilinear equiwidth streams since also longitudinal variations of channel curvature can produce laterally symmetrical alterations of the sediment transport capacity. A perturbation approach is employed to model both mechanisms within a common framework, allowing reproduction, at least qualitatively, of several observed features. While width‐forced mid‐channel bars are a symmetric linear altimetric response, to reproduce curvature‐forced mid‐channel bars requires modelling nonlinear flow‐bed topography interactions at the second order of the perturbation expansion. Hypotheses on how these mechanisms operate are further discussed through an application to field cases. The amplitude of the nonlinear response can be relevant compared to that of the point bar in equiwidth meanders and the location of mid‐channel bars seldom coincides with bend apexes, mainly depending upon the intrinsic meander wavelength. Central bars tend to symmetrically divert the flow against the two banks, a process which is proposed as a possible cause of cross‐sectional overwidening, along with the asymmetry between the rates of bank erosion and of the opposite bank accretion. The outcomes of this first modelling step on the subject allow discussion of the mutual feedback processes that characterize interactions between mid‐channel bars and width variations in river meanders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TI介质多波叠前AVA岩性参数反演

介质各向异性对多波振幅随入射角变化而变化(AVA)的特征有着重要影响。根据横向各向同性(TI)介质Zoeppritz方程,探讨TI介质中AVA曲线的特征,并以此为基础,分别利用解析广义线性反演法和扰动广义线性反演法对理论模型进行反演,完成了对地层P波速度、S波速度、密度及各向异性系数的反演。理论模型的计算验证了该方法的正确性后,将此TI介质多波叠前AVA参数反演方法用于实际多波资料反演处理,取得较好效果,说明多波AVA参数反演方法是可行的,对岩性预测有着重要的意义。      

Perturbed solving method for interdecadal sea-air oscillator model

A coupled system of the interdecadal sea-air oscillator model is studied.The El Nio-southern oscillation(ENSO) atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions.The oscillator model is involved with the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly pat-terns.This paper proposes an ENSO atmospheric physics model using a method of the perturbation theory.The aim is to create an asymptotic solving method for the ENSO model.Employing the perturbed method,the asymptotic solution of corresponding problem is obtained,and the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is studied.Thus we can obtain the prognoses of the sea surface temperature anomaly and related physical quantities.     

Optimal nonlinear excitation of decadal variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation

Nonlinear development of salinity perturbations in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation （THC） is investigated with a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. The results show two types of optimal initial perturbations of sea surface salinity, one associated with freshwater and the other with salinity. Both types of perturbations excite decadal variability of the THC. Under the same amplitude of initial perturbation, the decadal variation induced by the freshwater perturbation is much stronger than that by the salinity perturbation, suggesting that the THC is more sensitive to freshwater than salinity perturbation. As the amplitude of initial perturbation increases, the decadal variations become stronger for both perturbations. For salinity perturbations, recovery time of the THC to return to steady state gradually saturates with increasing amplitude, whereas this recovery time increases remarkably for freshwater perturbations. A nonlinear （advective） feedback between density and velocity anomalies is proposed to explain these characteristics of decadal variability excitation. The results are consistent with previous ones from simple box models, and highlight the importance of nonlinear feedback in decadal THC variability.     

水平层状非均质横向同性地层中阵列多分量感应测井响应的快速计算

应用模式匹配算法研究建立水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应测井响应的快速算法.首先,利用Fourier级数展开法将多分量感应响应的数值模拟转化为三个轴对称问题,并利用电阻率径向导数的奇异表达式,引入两个附加奇异微分算子,用于描述柱状分界面上的积累面电荷对共面线圈系电磁响应的影响.然后通过模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应磁场的半解析解以及测井响应计算方法,最后通过数值模拟结果对该算法进行检验并进一步考察阵列多分量感应仪器的响应特征.     

双层黏弹介质模型条件下地震应力扰动的时空特征

基于简化双层黏弹介质模型及其变形过程的时间属性,考虑震后地壳上层(黏滞性相对较弱)短时间的弹性扰动及后续较长时间内下层(黏滞性相对较强)黏性变形对上层应力扰动的联合作用,研究地震应力扰动的时空变化.结果显示,地震应力扰动在震后一段时间内逐渐增大,之后缓慢衰减.并且模型参数越接近真实地体,应力扰动增大及衰减过程就越缓慢,持续时间越长,即地震活动具有较长时期的时间"记忆"特性.因而,在地震活动及库仑应力变化研究中,长时期的应力扰动影响不宜忽略.地震应力扰动有一定的空间作用范围,在此范围内应力扰动随距离衰减明显,距离震源较近处衰减较快、距离震源较远处衰减相对较慢,此范围之外应力扰动可忽略不计.在本文所取与实际地壳相对较为接近的模型参数条件下,应力扰动的空间作用范围大体是震源线性破裂尺度的2.5倍.地震应力扰动随震级增大而逐渐增大,在本文模型参数条件下,震级大于6级之后,应力扰动随震级快速增加.地震破裂尺度测量误差所导致的应力扰动计算误差的相对大小,与时间无关,与破裂尺度(震级)及震源距有关,随震源距的增大而增大,但对应力扰动的总体变化趋势及变化范围影响甚微.当距离足够远时,应力扰动计算误差的相对大小趋于常数,就6、7、8级地震而言,最大应力扰动计算误差分别小于应力扰动值本身的22%、30%及38%.     

测井约束地震波形反演的同伦摄动法

测井数据和地震数据是地震勘探中两种最重要的资料. 测井约束地震波形反演是在非线性波形反演的基础上,利用已知测井资料详细的垂直分辨能力和地震资料均匀密集的水平采样特点, 通过迭代反演来求取一个具有较高分辨率的速度参数.本文建立了测井约束反演模型,研究了测井约束下地震波形反演的同伦摄动求解方法.同伦摄动法作为一种新的、求解数学物理中各种非线性问题的有效方法,具有计算速度快、计算精度高的优点.这对于提高反演的精度和效率是十分有益的. 为了表征该方法的有效性和稳定性,分别对水平层状介质模型和逆冲断层带模型进行了数值模拟,并与Landweber迭代法相对比,结果表明该算法具有更好的收敛性,能够取得更为满意的反演效果.     

热带地区100 hPa东风气流的气候效应(Ⅰ): 与华南气候的关系

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料、西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)指数距平资料,分析了热带地区100hPa东风强度与华南气候之间的关系。结果表明：(1)冬季东风强度与同期及3月份华南降水存在显著的负相关关系。合成分析表明,弱东风年冬季华南地区700hPa为西南风距平,有利于孟加拉湾的暖湿空气向华南上空输送。(2)前期秋冬季节平均东风强度与区域平均的华南夏季气温之间存在很好的相关关系,相关系数达到-0．617。合成分析发现,弱东风年夏季西太副高偏强,位置偏西,使得华南地区在强副高控制之下,多为晴空少云天气,气温偏高。     

A new approach for separating mixed model parameters: application to simultaneous inversion of earthquake source parameters

A method for simultaneous determination of mixed model parameters, which have different physical dimensions or different responses to data, is presented. Mixed parameter estimation from observed data within a single model space shows instabilities and trade-offs of the solutions. We separate the model space into N-subspaces based on their physical properties or computational convenience and solve the N-subspaces systems by damped least-squares and singular-value decomposition. Since the condition number of each subsystem is smaller than that of the single global system, the approach can greatly increase the stability of the inversion. We also introduce different damping factors into the subsystems to reduce the trade-offs between the different parameters. The damping factors depend on the conditioning of the subsystems and may be adequately chosen in a range from 0.1 % to 10 % of the largest singular value. We illustrate the method with an example of simultaneous determination of source history, source geometry, and hypocentral location from regional seismograms, although it is applicable to any geophysical inversion.