连云港浅层海相软土沉积环境及物理力学性质研究

海相沉积软土在连云港有3层分布,他们在各自不同年代沉积,而浅层的软土对高速公路工程中路堤的变形和稳定 性有很大影响,该土层在工程中备受关注。本文对连云港浅层软土的沉积环境,物理力学性质和结构性进行探讨和分析。收 集的资料表明连云港浅层的软土是在全新世黄骅海进到19世纪60年代期间沉积形成的,其沉积历时漫长。统计表明该浅层 软土含水量高、原位十字板剪切强度和有效上覆应力的比值约为0.2～0.4。最后根据Burland的理论分析了该层软土的结构 性,结果表明连云港表层的海相软土为高位结构软土,土样易受到扰动,导致室内强度的失真。     

贵州西部燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区氟源探讨--以织金县荷花村为例

地方性氟中毒病简称“地氟病”,是一种严重危害人体健康的地方病,是因人体过量摄入氟元素所致.燃煤污染型地氟病,是燃烧煤炭时氟元素挥发污染空气和被烘烤的粮食、辣椒等食品,人体通过呼吸被污染的空气和食用被污染的食品而引起的氟中毒病.笔者通过对典型重病区织金县荷花村调查,获得如下认识：高氟煤炭和高氟粘土（岩）同为燃煤污染型地氟病的氟源,上二叠统龙潭组下部地层应为其重要产出层位;查明高氟煤炭和高氟粘土（岩）的成因、分布状况和分布规律,为政府制订科学合理、切实可行的防治措施提供科学依据很有必要.     

Failure probability assessment and parameter sensitivity analysis of a contaminant’s transit time through a compacted clay liner

This paper presents failure probability assessment and parameter sensitivity analysis of a contaminant’s transit time through a compacted clay liner. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was used to assess failure probability, and the failure samples generated in the MCS were used to investigate the sensitivity of various uncertain parameters to the failure probability. To facilitate the MCS, a database on various transport parameters was developed by collecting and analyzing measurement data reported in literature. Failure probability assessment and parameter sensitivity analysis showed that the uncertainties in adsorption parameters, longitudinal dispersivity, and hydraulic conductivity have the most significant effects on failure probability.     

Laboratory investigation on the compressibility of Singapore marine clays

The compressibility characteristics of Singapore marine clay in reconstituted and undisturbed states were studied using oedometer, constant rate of strain, Rowe cell, and isotropic consolidation tests. The intrinsic compression curve of the reconstituted clay was found to be similar to that proposed earlier with some minor deviations at low vertical stresses of less than 100?kPa. The field and laboratory compression behaviors were found to be similar, hence the laboratory curve could be used as a reference for interpreting the field behavior. Factors affecting the measurements of compression index and yield stress were discussed. As the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at the top upper clay was close to 1, the compression curves of vertically and horizontally trimmed samples were almost similar. The yield stress was mainly controlled by the strain rate; i.e., the higher strain rate resulted in the higher yield stress. Constrained modulus as derived from cone penetration tests and flat dilatometer tests were also examined and compared with laboratory test results. The in situ tests showed the decrease in constrained modulus with depth and generally the dilatometer test was found to register a higher modulus value.     

Experimental study on the unconfined compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced clay soil

To study the effect and mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced clay, a series of unconfined compression tests for clay reinforced with carbon fiber have been performed under the conditions of controlled water content and dry density. The carbon fiber is mixed into soil with the quality percentage of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.5%, then a certain quality of water was added in the soil to achieve the optimum soil water content. Ten groups of samples were tested by the unconfined compression experiment. The results showed that the incorporation of carbon fiber elements can effectively improve the unconfined compressive strength and brittle failure mode of soil. The soil is strengthened at the beginning and then weakened with the increased incorporation of carbon fiber, the effect is especially significant when the mix percentage becomes 0.1%. The interaction at the interface between carbon fiber surface and soil matrix is analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the enhancement mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced soil are one-dimensional reinforcement of a single carbon fiber thread and three-dimensional reinforcement caused by fiber network respectively.     

Influence and countermeasure of specimen misalignment to small-strain behavior of soft marine clay

Triaxial test with local displacement transducers is an effective technique to obtain the small-strain stiffness of soils. Many previous studies provided feasible solutions for reducing or avoiding potential sources of error in conventional triaxial tests. However, little literature gave out detailed explanations on how to identify those potential errors from the measured testing data and corresponding solutions. Therefore, nowadays, it is still not easy for a new user to gain proficiency in such kind of advanced tests. In this article, by conducting triaxial tests featured with Hall effect transducer on Shanghai soft marine clay, it is found that the influence of the specimen misalignment to the measured small-strain stiffness cannot be neglected. The typical symptom of specimen misalignment, namely the tilting of specimen, was described carefully. An improved connection between top cap and load cell was applied to overcome the problem. The new connection can reduce the disturbance to specimen in terms of both force and displacement. It can be applied to both isotropic and anisotropic consolidated triaxial tests.     

Effects of cyclic confining pressure on the deformation characteristics of natural soft clay

To investigate the coupling effects of cyclic deviator stress and cyclic confining pressure on the deformation behavior of natural soft clay under partially-drained conditions, a series of one-way cyclic triaxial tests with and without cyclic confining pressure were carried out. Test results show that, at the same amplitude of cyclic deviator stress, the increase of cyclic confining pressure amplitude will accelerate the accumulation of both permanent volumetric and axial strain significantly. The comparison between test results for different amplitudes of cyclic confining pressure shows that tests with a cyclic confining pressure corresponding to a stress path of η^ampl=p^ampl/q^ampl=1 lead to a 1.4 times larger permanent volumetric strain and a 1.2 times larger permanent axial strain compared to the conventional cyclic triaxial tests with constant confining pressure (η^ampl=1/3). In case of η^ampl=2 the permanent strains are found to be even 2.0 or 1.5 times larger compared to the standard tests. Finally, an empirical formula is proposed for the prediction of permanent axial deformations of natural soft clays under partially-drained conditions, considering the effects of cyclic confining pressure.     

循环荷载作用下广西红黏土动力特性试验研究

针对广西上林县原状红黏土开展一系列循环加载动三轴试验,分析天然含水率、围压与固结应力比等对红黏土动力特性,包话动应力-动应变关系、动弹性模量以及阻尼比等的影响来研究循环荷载作用下红黏土的动力特性。试验结果表明:广西原状红黏土动应力-动应变关系曲线接近双曲线;由于初始剪应力的影响,达到相同的动应变,在均压固结下所需的动应力比在偏压固结下所需动应力要小;动弹性模量随着动应变的增加而减小,且减小幅度随应变增加逐渐减小,初始应力状态对动弹性模量的影响最为显著;固结应力比、围压、含水率和振动次数等对阻尼比均有影响,综合反映在阻尼比随动应变增加而减小,阻尼比离散性较大,取值范围在0.05~0.20之间。利用Konder双曲线模型对试验数据进行拟合,得到相关参数,可为广西地区原状红黏土动力特性设计和数值计算提供一定的理论和参数支持。     

Optical dating of flowstone and silty carbonate-rich sediments from Panxian Dadong Cave,Guizhou, southwestern China

Panxian Dadong Cave located in the western Guizhou is a very important Paleolithic site in China. At this site bone and stone artifacts, human teeth and mammalian fossils (known as Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna) were found, and the site was previously dated to 120–300 ka using ESR/uranium-series methods. In this study, we successfully extracted fine quartz grains from flowstone and silty carbonate-rich sediments in the excavated area. The quartz extracts displayed excellent luminescence properties, and satisfied the SAR (single-aliquot regenerative dose method) acceptance criteria. The sensitivity-corrected OSL signals are not saturated at a dose up to about 1400 Gy. The cultural unit was OSL dated to 190–300 ka, corresponding to MISs 7–8. The flowstone deposits overlying the cultural unit were determined to be 13–190 ka and the silty carbonate-rich sediments underlying the cultural unit to be 300–360 ka. The optical ages are in general agreement with the coupled ESR/U-series and U-series ages.