Surface nuclear magnetic resonance signals recovery by integration of a non‐linear decomposition method with statistical analysis

Presence of noise in the acquisition of surface nuclear magnetic resonance data is inevitable. There are various types of noise, including Gaussian noise, spiky events, and harmonic noise that affect the signal quality of surface nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. In this paper, we describe an application of a two‐step noise suppression approach based on a non‐linear adaptive decomposition technique called complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition in conjunction with a statistical optimization process for enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the surface nuclear magnetic resonance signal. The filtering procedure starts with applying the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition method to decompose the noisy surface nuclear magnetic resonance signal into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions. Afterwards, a threshold region based on de‐trended fluctuation analysis is defined to identify the noisy intrinsic mode functions, and then the no‐noise intrinsic mode functions are used to recover the partially de‐noised signal. In the second stage, we applied a statistical method based on the variance criterion to the signal obtained from the initial phase to mitigate the remaining noise. To demonstrate the functionality of the proposed strategy, the method was evaluated on an added‐noise synthetic surface nuclear magnetic resonance signal and on field data. The results show that the proposed procedure allows us to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio significantly and, consequently, extract the signal parameters (i.e., and V₀) from noisy surface nuclear magnetic resonance data efficiently.     

方向导数迹变换面波压制

面波是地震勘探中常见的一种相干干扰,它的存在严重的影响着地震记录的信噪比.由于面波和有效波具有相关性且面波的频带和有效波的频带总有重叠的部分,在时域或频域二者不能明显分开,因此在时域或频域采用切除法压制面波会造成子波畸变和有效信息的损失.本文提出一种利用方向导数迹变换压制面波的新方法.文中推导了方向导数迹变换的反变换公式.地震记录的方向导数迹变换(Directional Derivative Trace Transform,DDTT)由两部分组成,一部分主要体现面波,能量集中;另一部分主要体现反射有效波,能量相对分散.根据这两部分能确定压制面波的阈值,通过这一阈值在正变换中压制面波后,再通过反变换返回时-空域就可达到压制面波的目的.理论和实际数据的处理都取得了令人满意的效果,表明了本文提出方法的可行性和有效性.     

用Auto CAD开发信号波形库

本文介绍了一种以AutoLISP程序设计语言,并结合AutoCAD的图块功能和绘图及编辑命令绘制各种周期信号波形以及由函数式定义的特性曲线的途径。所绘图形准确美观,适用于科技论文出版和教学绘图用。文中给出了两个绘制信号波形的Au-toLISP程序例,同时给出了几种信号波形和特性曲线的绘图实例。     

以格点尝试法求取的山东地区现代中小地震震源机制解

搜集和整理了1970年以来山东及近邻区域地震台网记录的近展和地方展的P波初动方向资料，以格点尝试法计算求取了该区1970年至2001年的102组中小地震单展震源机制解和部分台站及小区域综合机制解结果。为了解以往手工求解的机制解结果与此次计算结果的差异与否，做了部分资料的手工与计算结果的对比分析。最后依据这些资料对山东地区现今中小地震的破裂机制进行了分析讨论。     

用Wigner-Hough变换检测精密控震源信号

本文提出基于Wigner-Hough变换实现精密可控震源信号的检测与变换的方法.精密控制震源发射并由地震台站观测设备记录下来的信号是连续线性调频振动信号(LFM),线性调频信号的Wigner-Ville变换是在时频平面内包含一条直线的图像,而Hough变换则是通过计算沿直线的积分可以有效检测图像中的直线,图像中的直线在Hough变换输出的图像中表现为一个峰值,用于精密控制震源信号的检测可以反映接收数据中存在的震源信号.本文针对精密控制震源信号检测中 Wigner-Ville变换和Hough变换存在的问题开展研究,并提出了解决方案.通过对2009年在广东新丰江水库库区精密可控震源试验观测数据的实际处理,显示该方法是可行的,为精密控制震源信号的检测与变换找到了又一新的方法和技术途径.     

可编程红外焦平面光谱成像技术研究

短波红外焦平面光谱成像技术已广泛应用于各个领域,在应用中发现背景辐射对系统成像质量及信噪比有明显的影响.本文针对影响系统信噪比的因素进行研究,基于可编程的短波红外焦平面探测器技术,提出设置背景参考行和差异化增益的方法,对背景辐射实时监测,并提高弱信号波段的信噪比.经过实验验证,相比于其他系统,采用此方法的短波红外焦平面超光谱成像系统在成像质量和信噪比方面明显提高.研究还表明,利用可编程的特性,选择任务需要的特征光谱波段,还可以进一步提高工作帧频,以满足更高分辨率的航天光谱成像.     

数字天气雷达虚拟终端的硬件和软件设计

设计了一套基于PC机的数字天气雷达虚拟终端系统,用普通的PC机代替传统数字天气雷达信号处理分机[1,2]直接完成雷达信号处理和实时显示。该系统在硬件方面,设计了基于PCI总线的三通道高速数据接收卡,以满足大容量数据高速传输要求;在软件方面则利用高级语言(C )和虚拟设备驱动程序(WDM)技术开发了一套基于WINDOWS2000/9X操作系统的实时处理软件,以此控制数据接收卡和雷达工作,并完成信号处理和实时显示。实际应用表明,该系统结构简单、界面友好、操作方便、便于升级,完全能够实时、高效地处理常规天气雷达信号,而且处理后的雷达回波层次清楚,具有较高精度。本研究也为虚拟终端应用到多普勒天气雷达打下了一个良好的基础。     

Correction of laser scanning intensity data: Data and model-driven approaches

Most airborne and terrestrial laser scanning systems additionally record the received signal intensity for each measurement. Multiple studies show the potential of this intensity value for a great variety of applications (e.g. strip adjustment, forestry, glaciology), but also state problems if using the original recorded values. Three main factors, a) spherical loss, b) topographic and c) atmospheric effects, influence the backscatter of the emitted laser power, which leads to a noticeably heterogeneous representation of the received power. This paper describes two different methods for correcting the laser scanning intensity data for these known influences resulting in a value proportional to the reflectance of the scanned surface. The first approach – data-driven correction – uses predefined homogeneous areas to empirically estimate the best parameters (least-squares adjustment) for a given global correction function accounting for all range-dependent influences. The second approach – model-driven correction – corrects each intensity independently based on the physical principle of radar systems. The evaluation of both methods, based on homogeneous reflecting areas acquired at different heights in different missions, indicates a clear reduction of intensity variation, to 1/3.5 of the original variation, and offsets between flight strips to 1/10. The presented correction methods establish a great potential for laser scanning intensity to be used for surface classification and multi-temporal analyses.