Tidal Constituents in the Shallow Waters of the Southwest Indian Coast

A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was set up and validated for the west coast of India. The spatio-temporal variation of the tidal constituents for a 110 km stretch of the southwest coast of India was then studied by setting up a fine grid model. The study brings out variability in the shallow water constituents and their selective amplification. Within the Cochin estuary, the amplitudes of almost all the major tidal constituents show a gradual reduction upstream compared to other locations. The shallow water constituents show significant amplification and Z0, the constituent related to mean sea level shows five-fold amplification within the estuary.     

Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach

Occurrence of liquefaction in saturated sand deposits underlying foundation of structure can cause a wide range of structural damages starting from minor settlement, and ending to general failure due to loss of bearing capacity. If the bearing capacity failure is not the problem, reliable estimation of the liquefaction-induced settlement will be of prime importance in assessment of the overall performance of the structure. Currently, there are few procedures with limited application in practice for estimation of settlement of foundations on liquefied ground. Therefore, development of a general relationship is important from the practical viewpoint. In this paper, the dynamic response of shallow foundations on liquefied soils is studied using a 3D fully coupled dynamic analysis. For verification of the numerical model, simulation of a centrifuge experiment is carried out and the analysis results are compared with the experimental measurements. The results of centrifuge experiment are taken from the literature for the purpose of comparison and the experiment has not been performed by the authors. After verification of the numerical model, a practical relationship for estimation of liquefaction-induced settlement of rigid footings on homogeneous loose to medium fine sand is proposed based on the results of a comprehensive parametric study. In the interpretation process, the soil layer thickness in which the liquefaction takes place is found to be a key parameter, since by normalization with respect to this parameter, effects of a number of other parameters can be eliminated.     

浅层地温能资源地质勘查评价体系探讨——以北京平原区浅层地温能资源地质勘查为例

浅层地温能资源作为一种可再生、环保、清洁,储量巨大的新型能源资源,逐渐被人们认识、接受和重视。在北京许多地区合理开发利用浅层地温能资源已经取得了较好的经济．社会和环境效益。根据北京平原区地质条件和浅层地温能资源开发利用实际情况,从可持续开发利用与环境保护角度出发,对北京平原区浅层地温能资源的地质勘查评价进行了初步总结,提出地质调查一开发利用方式适宜性区划一资源评价一效益评价一开发利用对地质环境影响监测一信息管理评价体系。     

粉喷桩复合地基沉降计算方法探讨

复合地基变形计算准确与否,与选用的计算方法是否合适关系很大,各种计算方法都是从不同角度和假定模式上建立起来的,与实际工况存在差异。通过分析粉喷桩复合地基的工作机理和破坏机制,对现存的粉喷桩复合地基的各种沉降计算方法进行比较,提出了沉降计算方法的选用思路及改进方法。     

菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源可持续开发利用潜力分析

对菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源潜力进行了分析,采用地下水开采潜力指数法来分析开采程度的强弱,判定其开采潜力。全区浅层地下水尚处于正均衡状态,属有开采潜力区。为保持区内地下水资源的可持续利用,将全区按照科学合理的采、补、控、改等原则分为增源区、增采区、节水区和咸水改造利用区分区。     

博兴县南部浅层地下水水环境问题及防治对策

博兴县南部浅层地下水具有埋藏分布广泛、补排径条件稳定、水化学特征复杂等特点。因不合理开发利用 ,出现了浅层地下水超采漏斗、咸水入侵、土壤盐碱化及地下水污染等水环境问题。针对这些问题的发生原因及演化趋势 ,提出了防治保护建议。     

象山港航道冲淤变化初步分析

利用象山港海湾不同年份的水深地形资料,运用GIS技术采用航道轴线剖面水深地形叠加对比和海床平面冲淤计算相结合的方法,应用以往水文泥沙等资料综合分析象山港航道区域的冲淤变化。结果表明40a来象山港航道区域总体冲淤基本平衡,大致以双德山附近海域为界,以东牛鼻山浅段和西屿山-双德山深段两区段以微淤为主,平均厚度分别为0.08~0.24m和0.51~0.58m,并具有缓慢淤积的趋势;以西的浅段和深段则以微冲为主,平均厚度为0.32~0.62m,并具有轻微冲刷的趋势。     

兰坪白秧坪铜银多金属矿集区西矿带矿床成因

西矿带受瞎眼山断裂和四十里箐-上下庄断裂控制,矿体产于近NS向断裂旁侧次级断裂中,发育典型的中低温热液矿物组合,成矿流体来源于深部的热卤水.硫、铅同位素反映成矿物质具深源特征,稀土元素组成具有极明显的δEu负异常和δCe负异常,构造热流体为成矿的主导因素.成因类型属于推覆构造有关的中低温浅成热液矿床.     

High-temperature emplacement and liquefaction of shallow-water caldera-forming eruption products: Early Miocene Tateyamazaki Dacite in the Oga Peninsula, NE Japan

The Early Miocene Tateyamazaki Dacite infills a 3.2 km diameter caldera. It comprises poorly sorted, massive, biotite-bearing dacite pumice lapilli tuff, in which huge blocks of densely welded dacite lapilli tuff, basaltic andesite lava, and other lithologies are commonly set. Dense blocks are variably cracked and intruded by the host lapilli tuff. Sparse blocks of bedded lapilli tuff and tuff are variably disaggregated to intermingle with the host rocks or are plastically deformed into irregular shapes. Rootless tuff veins millimeters to 30 cm thick are developed within the host rocks, mainly dipping at 10–30°, and are locally branched and mutually cut to form a network. Where thicker, they are stratified and locally carry accidental fragments. Accidental lapilli up to 2 or 3 cm wide and 30 cm long are locally set in near-vertical and variably sinuous arrays. Although poorly defined they are reminiscent of fluid escape structures. The host pumice lapilli tuff, however, retains in part a thermal remnant magnetization (TRM) vector stable at temperatures above 280 °C. Blocks in the caldera fill also retain TRM but the vectors are rotated significantly from those of the host pumice lapilli tuff and the adjacent volcanic rocks. Tateyamazaki Dacite is thus likely to have been emplaced at high temperatures, and intermingled with shattered basement rocks and ambient water to be partly liquefied within the caldera immediately after or during the caldera-forming eruption.     

Experimental and numerical modelling of sedimentation in a rectangular shallow basin

Numerical simulation of flows in shallow reservoirs has to be checked for its consistency in predicting real flow conditions and sedimentation patterns. Typical flow patterns may exhibit flow separation at the inlet, accompanied by several recirculation and stagnation areas all over the reservoir surface. The aim of the present research project is to study the influence of the geometry of a reservoir on sediment transport and deposition numerically and experimentally, focusing on a prototype reservoir depth between 5 and 15 m as well as suspended sediment transport.
A series of numerical simulations is presented and compared with scaled laboratory experiments, with the objective of testing the sensitivity to different flow and sediment parameters and different turbulence closure schemes. Different scenarios are analyzed and a detailed comparison of preliminary laboratory tests and some selected simulations are presented.
The laboratory experiments show that suspended sediment transport and deposition are determined by the initial flow pattern and by the upstream and downstream boundary conditions. In the experiments, deposition in the rectangular basin systematically developed along the left bank, although inflow and outflow were positioned symmetrically along the centre of the basin. Three major horizontal eddies developed influencing the sediment deposition pattern. Although asymmetric flow patterns are privileged, a symmetric pattern can appear from time to time. This particular behaviour could also be reproduced by a two-dimensional depth-averaged flow and sediment transport model （CCHE2D）. The paper presents numerical simulations using different turbulence closure schemes （k-ε and eddy viscosity models）. In spite of the symmetric setup, these generally produced an asymmetric flow pattern that can easily switch sides depending on the assumptions made for the initial and boundary conditions. When using the laboratory experiment as a reference, the most reliable numerical results have been obtai