云南省楚雄地区克山病与生态环境中硒等生命元素关系的动态研究

本研究选定我国南方克山病重病区楚雄市东瓜镇进行了病情与生态系硒等生命元素三年的动态监测。结果表明,克山病病情呈逐渐下降势态,与人体硒水平逐渐上升之间成为显著负相关关系。同时还发现病区人发中As、Hg含量显著高于对照非病点,并认为它们可能是该病区与低硒复合的致病因素。从动态变化的研究为克山病病情与生态系硒的密切关系提供了新的科学依据。     

贵州省普定县耕地土壤Se分布特征

硒是重要的生命元素之一,对普定县耕地土壤硒分布特征进行研究有利于当地合理有效的开发利用富硒土地资源。本文通过对研究区3613件表层土壤样品中全硒含量进行检测分析,发现硒在土壤中的分布特征表现为明显富集于表层土,表层土壤硒含量在不同类型的土壤中的特征为:紫色土>黄壤>石灰土>水稻土,而在不同成土母岩的土壤中表现为:岩浆岩>白云岩>碎屑岩>灰岩;土壤硒元素主要来源于成土母岩,硒在土壤中的分布则受到土壤性质的影响,主要影响因素为pH值、土壤有机质及土壤磷的含量;本文调查发现研究区富硒(0.4～3.0 mg/kg)耕地面积为45.74万亩,占全县耕地总面积的75.05%。     

Baseline heavy metals and metalloid values in blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico

Environmental pollution due to heavy metals is having an increased impact on marine wildlife accentuated by anthropogenic changes in the planet including overfishing, agricultural runoff and marine emerging infectious diseases. Sea turtles are considered sentinels of ecological health in marine ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine baseline concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, selenium, manganese, mercury and lead in blood of 22 clinically healthy, loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), captured for several reasons in Puerto López Mateos, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Zinc was the most prevalent metal in blood (41.89 μg g⁻¹), followed by Selenium (10.92 μg g⁻¹). The mean concentration of toxic metal Cadmium was 6.12 μg g⁻¹ and 1.01 μg g⁻¹ respectively. Mean concentrations of metals followed this pattern: Zn > Se > Ni > Cu > Mn > Cd > Pb and Hg. We can conclude that blood is an excellent tissue to measure in relatively non-invasive way baseline values of heavy metals in Caretta caretta.     

阿坝州饮水中硒和氟元素与大骨节病关系研究

通过测定阿坝州四个大骨节病县饮用水中微量元素硒、氟的含量情况,探讨大骨节病与饮用水硒与氟元素的相关关系,为防治大骨节病提供科学依据。采集阿坝州病区与非病区水样,测定其中硒、氟元素含量,并运用SPSS17.0软件对测定结果进行分析统计。研究表明:阿坝州饮用水中硒、氟元素平均含量为0.47 ug/L～2.32ug/L,0.08 mg/L～0.38 mg/L,病区饮用水中硒、氟与非病区有明显差异(t分别是2.12,3.26,p<0.01),病区硒、氟元素与大骨节患病率之间有明显负相关关系。阿坝州大骨节饮用水中硒元素和氟均与大骨节病有密切关系,建议除进行必需的补硒措施防治大骨病以外,还应该辅助性的增加水氟含量已保证人体需要。     

湖北恩施硒富集区中二叠世孤峰组露头层序地层研究

通过实测地层剖面的精细研究,结合微量元素地球化学分析,探讨了恩施地区富硒地层中二叠世孤峰组层序界面识别、层序划分与对比及其对硒元素空间分布的影响。研究区中二叠世孤峰组可总结为4种基本层序类型,分别为炭硅质页岩-炭硅质岩、炭硅质页岩-炭硅质岩夹灰岩透镜体、炭硅质岩-含炭泥晶灰岩和炭硅质岩-含炭细晶白云岩;识别出3个层序界面,其中孤峰组与茅口组接触界线处为Ⅲ型层序界面,孤峰组中部的岩性结构转换面为Ⅱ型层序界面,龙潭组与孤峰组接触界线处为Ⅰ型层序界面;划分了2个三级层序(SQ1、SQ2)。通过层序对比分析,随着海侵作用的持续发展,区域上层序内部结构及基本层序类型分异明显,沉积古地理格局表现为南浅北深的特征;通过层序地层与硒异常耦合关系分析,发现了孤峰组内部Ⅱ型层序界面附近具高硒异常特征,确立了新的找矿标志。     

植物叶硒的时空变异规律研究

本文以加杨叶为主,首次研究了植物叶硒的时空变异规律。得出脱落前夕不久的九、十月份加杨叶能较好地反映大气硒含量水平,而其它生长期的加杨叶则一般主要反映土壤硒的含量状况。此外,还研究得到了一些其它植物老叶硒与环境的关系。     

Selenium and other trace elements in phosphate rock of Bayovar–Sechura (Peru)

Selenium is an essential trace element in regard to human and other animals' health, but it presents a narrow range of dietary deficiency and toxic excess. Some phosphate rocks are rich in selenium. Furthermore it is necessary to control selenium's and other trace elements’ compositions in the phosphate rocks, because phosphorite ores of different geographical sites are varied, and even ores from the same outcrop can vary substantially in trace element levels.     

Studying the migration behaviour of selenate in Boom Clay by electromigration

For the disposal of high-level waste (HLW) in a deep geological formation as Boom Clay, safety assessment studies have shown that long lived ⁷⁹Se is one of the more critical fission products. Therefore, the knowledge of its migration properties (diffusion, retention) through the geological barrier (Boom Clay) is of paramount importance. The migration behaviour of selenium strongly depends on its speciation. Under reducing conditions, selenide would be the dominant species and selenium migration would mainly be controlled by the low solubility of Se(−II)-bearing minerals. However Se species are often found in redox disequilibrium and more oxidized species might also coexist. Therefore, the study of selenate migration requires attention, as it might be the most mobile selenium species in the host rock. Electromigration experiments performed with a ⁷⁵Se-labeled selenate in Boom Clay indicate a high mobility for this species. The apparent diffusion coefficient (D_app) of selenate in Boom Clay is estimated from electromigration experiments performed under different electric fields. Using two independent approaches, the value of D_app for selenate is shown to fall in the range from 1.7×10⁻¹¹ to 6.2×10⁻¹¹ m² s⁻¹. Moreover, no reduction of selenate in Boom Clay was observed.     

海洋沉积物中硒的分析方法研究

建立了海洋沉积物中硒的测定方法。样品用混合酸分解，加入Fe^3 消除干扰，用氢化物原子荧光法测海洋沉积物中的硒，选择了仪器的最佳工艺条件，探讨了共存元素的干扰情况及其消除方法，方法简便，快速，有较好的精确度与准确度，对多种地质标准物质中的硒进行了测定，结果与推荐值十分接近，对海底沉积物标准物质（GBW07314）进行了11次测定，相对标准偏差为6．13％。