大西洋热带海域长鳍金枪鱼渔场预报模型的比较

为提高大西洋热带海域长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)渔场预报的准确率,对K最近邻(k nearest neighbor,KNN)、逻辑斯蒂回归(logistic regression,LR)、决策与分类树(classfication and regression tree,CART)、梯度提升决策树(gr...     

Designing ITQ programs for commercial recreational fishing

This paper discusses the potential for implementing individual transferable quota (ITQ) schemes in commercial recreational fisheries, focusing particularly on charter and headboat fisheries. After a brief discussion of ITQs in commercial fisheries, the paper discusses the manner in which rents get dissipated in commercial recreational fisheries. Fishing mortality in recreational fisheries is determined as a joint outcome of angler behavior and trip supply. In the recreational sector under open access conditions, there are likely to be too many vessels providing too many trips at prices that are too low. Vessel input configurations are likely to be distorted in a manner that generates excessive fishing mortality. Designing ITQs for recreational fisheries requires consideration of issues not prominent in the design of commercial fisheries. Among the most important is the manner in which angler preferences and types affect overall mortality from both landings and discards. While catch and release fisheries and pure food fish recreational fisheries are relatively easy to manage with recreational ITQs, fisheries with both angler types present difficult monitoring problems that add complexities to ITQ design. Various ways to design programs that account for both landings and discard mortalities and that generate incentives for anglers and vessel owners to reduce discard mortality are discussed.     

The cooperation strategies of fisheries between Taiwanese purse seiners and Pacific Island Countries

The tuna industry in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) is one of the most valuable fisheries in the world. Taiwan has a long fishing history and is one of the major distant water fishing nations in the surrounding area. This study aimed to review the historical cooperation structure between Taiwanese purse seiners and Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Data were collected by literature analysis and semi-standardized in-depth interviews with experts. The results showed that since 1982, the Taiwanese purse seiners have developed and signed bilateral access agreements with seven PICs under a variety of formats. The fisheries access and licensing arrangements have been transformed to a Vessel Day Scheme (VDS); as a result, the access fees have increased rapidly since 2010. Taiwanese industries have invested in facilities and share ownership with some PICs. Moreover, the Taiwanese purse seiner industries have proclaimed their willingness to follow the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission conservation measures and stated that they will cooperate with PICs. They hold conservative views, however, regarding the further transfer of ownership to PICs. For the conservation of tuna resources in the WCPO, distant water fishing nations and PICs should cooperate to limit fishing capacity and ensure that the access fee benefits PICs.     

Considering community allocations: Power and the politics of enclosure in the Gulf of Alaska

In 2012, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council initiated the process of designing a new management structure for the Gulf of Alaska trawl groundfish fleet. The new program is currently structured as a catch share program and driven by the need to end the ‘race for fish’ and provide the trawl fleet with the tools to reduce bycatch. To date much of the discussion among policy makers and stakeholders has centered on community protection measures and how best to avoid the negative social and economic impacts of catch share programs including impacts to crew, consolidation and the flight of quota and resource wealth from Gulf of Alaska fishery dependent communities. This paper examines how community protection measures related to the distribution of benefits and access to fishery resources are considered and challenged in the North Pacific today. Special attention is given to the ongoing debate surrounding the potential inclusion of an initial allocation to place-based Gulf of Alaska communities via a Community Fishing Association. As part of this effort, this paper examines the political space and underlying power dynamics in which consideration of alternatives to the commodification of fishing rights occurs.     

渔业活动对东海海域海底光缆安全的影响

通过对东海海域海底光缆路由区作业渔场的捕捞方式、作业范围等的分析,结合已建海底光缆故障的调查结果,探讨了渔业活动对东海海域海底光缆路由调查和已建海底光缆安全的影响。结果表明,东海海域海底光缆主要穿越了长江口、江外、舟山、舟外、鱼外等5大主要作业渔场,各渔场的渔业活动频繁,拖网、张网和流刺网等不同捕捞作业方式集中,对海底光缆的安全带来严重威胁。同时,捕捞渔船船只的数量逐年增多、触底深度的不断增加、作业时间的不断延长,使海底光缆路由调查时所获得调查资料的质量受到严重影响,船只、渔具的日益大型化以及拖网、张网、围网等捕捞活动范围的持续扩大,更使得海底光缆的故障频繁发生。为保护海缆的安全,在目前的经济技术条件下,建议选择休渔期时进行路由调查,在捕捞活动的频繁区,选择双层铠装型(DA)的海底光缆,并适当加大埋设深度,以降低渔业活动对海底光缆工程的影响。实践表明,将海底光缆埋设深度增加至3.0 m以上,可有效地保护海底光缆的安全。     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)选育家系的构建和培育技术研究

采用巢式设计方法和人工采卵授精技术,对大菱鲆大规模家系的构建与培育技术进行研究。按照1雄配2雌的原则,选取英国、法国、丹麦和挪威4个群体的大菱鲆进行定向交配,并对大菱鲆早期发育阶段苗种进行了环境标准化和一级、二级、三级数量标准化培育。结果表明,构建父系半同胞家系的初始成功率不高,1/3父系半同胞家系的初始构建成功率≤20%;由于家系成功初始构建的不同步性,拉长了家系的培育时间,对同一发育阶段家系早期培育的同步性较差,导致对处于同一发育阶段、但在不同时期培育的家系所进行的环境标准化效果不好,每次数量标准化时,存在部分全同胞家系间数量差异显著。基于早期阶段家系构建和培育存在的问题,提出了拟解决的方法和对策,为大规模建立大菱鲆家系提供参考。     

The migrant anchovy fishery in Kabui Bay,Raja Ampat,Indonesia: Catch,profitability, and income distribution

We estimate the unregulated catch and fisher income of the Kabui Bay migrant anchovy fishery operating in the Raja Ampat regency, Papua, Indonesia. Interviews with migrant fishers were conducted in April and November 2006, and estimates were generated through Monte Carlo simulations. Anchovy fisher income averaged US $1835 per year, about twice the average fisher income in the area. The income levels estimated by this study suggests that there is potential for the Raja Ampat Fisheries Bureau to capture some economic rent from the fishery to help fund a fisheries management program, from which Raja Ampat could benefit.     

Managing excess capacity in small-scale fisheries: Perspectives from stakeholders in three Southeast Asian countries

The management of fishing capacity—in both inland and marine fisheries—is a major policy concern in most countries in Southeast Asia. Excess capacity leads to a number of negative impacts, such as resource use conflicts, overfishing, environmental degradation, economic wastage, and security threats. This paper presents the results of a regional study that examined various approaches to managing excess fishing capacity in small-scale fisheries in Southeast Asia. More specifically, the paper presents an analysis of perceptions of stakeholders in Cambodia, Philippines and Thailand regarding preferred solutions to addressing excess capacity. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy guidance for addressing excess fishing capacity based on the stakeholder-preferred solutions.     

Aquaculture stakeholders role in fisheries co-management

Industrial aquaculture has become one of the main protagonists both on the coasts and in international policy aimed at regulating matters concerning the sea. This new role is reflected in the recently adopted Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union, where the need to promote the sector and the involvement with other local actors, specifically artisanal fishers, is highlighted. However, the official promotion of this activity could be overvaluing its benefits while, at the same time, undervaluing the new barriers that it is introducing in fisheries co-management. Centered in Valencian Community (Spain) and through a qualitative methodology, this paper examines the views and positions of stakeholders directly involved in aquaculture activity (biologists, aquaculture businessmen and policy managers) on the possibilities of joint participation. It is concluded, that eroding the detected mistrust among stakeholders through "hybrid forms of participation" would be a necessary prerequisite to setting up a common framework for involvement leading to an effective co-management.