Approximating constant‐Q seismic propagation in the time domain

In this study, we investigate the accuracy of approximating constant‐Q wave propagation by series of Zener or standard linear solid (SLS) mechanisms. Modelling in viscoacoustic and viscoelastic media is implemented in the time domain using the finite‐difference (FD) method. The accuracy of numerical solutions is evaluated by comparison with the analytical solution in homogeneous media. We found that the FD solutions using three SLS relaxation mechanisms as well as a single SLS mechanism, with properly chosen relaxation times, are quite accurate for both weak and strong attenuation. Although the RMS errors of FD simulations using a single relaxation mechanism increase with increasing offset, especially for strong attenuation (Q = 20), the results are still acceptable for practical applications. The synthetic data of the Marmousi‐II model further illustrate that the single SLS mechanism, to model constant Q, is efficient and sufficiently accurate. Moreover, it benefits from less computational costs in computer time and memory.     

影响b值计算误差的Monte Carlo实验研究

本文假设地震的发生与时间的关系遵循稳态泊松模型,假设地震震级M服从参数为1/β的指数分布,其中β=b/loge,在此基础上生成地震目录.用最小二乘法估算b值,分别从样本数量、震级间隔、震级误差三方面分析b值误差的大小.统计分析结果表明,b值的标准偏差随着样本数量的增多而减小;随着震级间隔的增大而减小;震级误差使b值的标准误差变大.本文可以为利用真实地震目录求b值时选择适当的方法提供参考.     

帕米尔东北缘地区构造变形特征与盆山结构

帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区是正确认识帕米尔北缘盆山结构和构造变形特征非常关键的地区,本文利用连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料和地震资料,并结合野外地质调查资料和钻井资料,对帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区的盆山结构和构造变形特征进行了研究。认为帕米尔东北缘及其以北地区的盆山结构表现为帕米尔造山带向北冲断和南天山向南冲断所形成的对冲结构; 帕米尔山前为基底卷入式构造,古生界—中生界沿高角度的逆冲断层推覆到新近系和第四系之上,形成山前的古生界—中生界逆冲推覆带; 北侧由受乌泊尔断裂控制的深部隐伏冲断体系和浅部的第四纪背驮盆地所构成。研究区的新生代构造变形时间开始于上新世晚期,并持续变形至今,形成了下更新统西域组（Q1x）与下伏上新统、Q2与Q1和Q3 4与Q2之间的不整合。研究区最小构造缩短量为486 km,缩短率为481％。     

Impact of user parameters in inversion velocity analysis

Migration velocity analysis is a method devoted to the evaluation of both reflectivity and background velocity models, associated with the high and low wavenumber components of the model, respectively. Inversion velocity analysis is one of its improved versions, leading to more stable background velocity updates. Still, the impact of the user parameters should be understood for an optimal update of the background velocity. We show that a sign reversal of the background velocity gradient could occur when the selected surface offset range or the space lag range is too small. We derive the theoretical limits and check their consistency through simulations in a simple model with a single interface. These guidelines determine the necessary ranges of surface offsets and space lags for a proper update of the background velocity model. We discuss their applicability on the Marmousi model. Artefacts in the retrieved background velocity model are observed when the guidelines are not satisfied.     

GDS—1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统

GDS-1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统主要用于大陆岩石层的人工及天然地震台阵研究、强震观测以及余震观测台网的临时布设。其主要技术指标为:动态范围120dB,前放增益1,16,128倍可调,高端频率6.25,25,45Hz可调,采样率25,100,200Hz可调,1MB固态数据存储器借助地震数据的压缩软件可以存储3MB以上的数据,工作温度范围-10—45℃,功耗小于3W。定时接受的BPM无线电授时信号可保证记录系统时钟校正误差小于10ms。其智能化地震触发系统可处于下列模态:近震触发,远震触发,近震和远震触发,任意地面运动信号触发,以及手动触发和定时触发。DSR-1000数字地震数据回收系统用于GDS-1000的参数预置、地震事件数据的转储和地震图的现场绘制。该系统在野外试验期间已取得大量近震、远震及核爆炸记录。     

地震科研项目管理系统设计

通过结合Internet/Intranet技术和B/S模式,开发一套地震科研项目管理系统,可实现对科研项目申报、评审、进度跟踪、验收、查询和成果共享的全程信息化管理,有利于提高科技人员、评审专家和项目管理部门执行科研项目申报、评审和管理的工作效率。     

Geomorphic constraints on the active tectonics of southern Taiwan

Taiwan is a region of rapid active tectonics, yet the study of the tectonic processes that shape the interior of the island is difficult due to the high rates of erosion and dense vegetation. We use digital topography to look for indications of active deformation preserved in the local geomorphology. In particular, anomalies in the regional pattern of drainage are used to infer zones of enhanced tectonic activity. The apparent anticlockwise rotation of major river systems in plan view indicates the presence of a diffuse zone of left-lateral shear running down the southeastern side of Taiwan. Asymmetries in the catchments of individual drainage basins show the influence of varying rates of uplift across southern Taiwan, with the most rapid uplift close to Taitung at the indentation point of the Luzon arc with the Chinese continental margin. Our interpretations, though based predominantly on remote-sensing observations, are consistent with the available field evidence. This study demonstrates the usefulness of drainage basins as tectonic markers in the quantification of regional strain and uplift, which may have wider applicability in other deforming parts of the world.     

川西高原鲜水河断裂带炉霍-道孚段泥石流分布特征

鲜水河断裂带炉霍-道孚段泥石流沿断裂带呈线性分布,以中高频泥石流为主,过渡型、稀性居多.断裂带内岩体破碎,次级构造发育且活动性强烈使主河床呈阶梯状,为泥石流灾害发育提供了势能转化、物质补给与水力运输条件.研究区泥石流沟(Ksn约140 m0.9)分布在主河陡峭指数高处(Ksn约66 m0.9),且中下游泥石流沟与其入汇...     

南海东北部洋陆过渡区域地震折射波衰减特征

地震波衰减研究是了解岩石圈构造特征的有效方法.本文基于OBS2016-2测线的海底地震仪(OBS)数据, 首次对南海东北部洋陆过渡区域地震波衰减特征进行研究, 通过正演模拟获得该区域二维纵波衰减(Q_P)结构.结果表明, 下陆坡的上地壳存在一个宽约40 km, 厚度约为4~5 km的高衰减区, 其特征为低纵波和横波速度(V_P为5.5~6.3 km·s^-1和V_S为3.1~3.6 km·s^-1)以及较低的波速比(V_P/V_S为1.72~1.80), 对应较低的Q_P(280~410), 推测与断裂发育有关, 且受到火山活动的影响.洋陆过渡及洋壳区域的上地壳高衰减区具有低Q_P(300~400)和高V_P/V_S(1.90~1.96)特征, 可能对应较多的断裂发育及流体运移.洋陆过渡区域下地壳高速异常体表现为相对低的Q_P(550~600), 对应较高的V_P(7.0~7.8 km·s^-1)和V_S(3.5~3.8 km·s^-1)以及较高的V_P/V_S(1.85~1.96), 推测与蛇纹石化作用有关.蛇纹石化可能进一步增加岩石的孔隙度并导致更多的流体运移, 使得洋陆过渡及洋壳区域存在较高的地震波衰减.Q_P结构有助于我们分析南海大陆边缘的地震波衰减特征, 结合V_P、V_S以及V_P/V_S, 可以更好地了解该区域地质结构和岩石属性, 对进一步挖掘OBS数据信息有重要参考价值.

     

滑坡的摩擦力与正压力力偶的地震波场模拟

滑坡的地震波反演是确定滑坡动力学过程的有效途径.然而,目前的滑坡地震波反演大多基于点源模型,将滑坡面近似为点源,仅考虑滑体作用于滑床的摩擦力及其变化.但实际滑坡过程中,由于重力和滑动距离的存在,滑床还受到一个逐渐增加的正压力力偶作用.为定量探讨这一正压力力偶对滑坡地震波场的贡献,我们基于有限滑坡面模型,分别正演模拟了滑坡过程中摩擦力和正压力力偶的地震波场,得到了正压力力偶地震波场在整个滑坡地震波场中的能量比例及其随距离的变化.研究发现,正压力力偶地震波场具备近场项衰减特征,相较于摩擦力波场随距离衰减更快.正演模拟显示,正压力力偶地震波场在滑坡尺度2~3倍距离范围内较为显著;但在更远距离上,由于其幅度大致随距离的平方衰减,其贡献几可忽略.此外,正压力力偶波场在波形特征上与摩擦力波场也存在明显区别,二者的相对大小与摩擦系数和坡度等参数密切相关.本文模拟分析表明,完整的滑坡近场地震波场应该同时考虑摩擦力和正压力力偶的贡献;滑坡动力学参数反演中,利用近场地震波记录,考虑有限尺度的滑坡面,原则上我们不仅可以确定传统滑坡动力学参数,还有可能确定摩擦系数和流体压力等参数在空间上的变化分布.