黔西月亮田矿区龙潭组泥岩地球化学特征及指示意义

通过广泛调研前人研究成果、月亮田矿区地勘资料,区域地质背景,钻取并测试区内两口钻井的17件泥岩样品;运用地球化学指标指示沉积环境,对区内龙潭组泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义进行了详细研究。结果表明:区内龙潭组沉积主体时期长期处于温湿气候,利于植物繁殖;古水体以淡水环境为主,间或有短暂海侵;沉积水体以贫氧至厌氧的弱氧化至还原性环境为主,为区域聚煤作用提供了良好条件;龙潭组物源以来自大陆岛弧的玄武岩为主。研究结果符合贵州省大地构造背景,不仅进一步佐证了研究区在晚二叠世龙潭期作为沉降区,长期接受玄武岩物源沉积,也揭示了古沉积环境及物源区构造背景,为区域地质研究提供了新的理论支持。     

新疆阿克苏地区新元古代沉积特征对裂谷发育过程的指示

阿克苏地区地处塔里木克拉通西北部的盆-山结合部位,新元古代地层齐全且发育前寒武纪蓝片岩,保留了新元古代从洋壳俯冲汇聚到陆壳拉张伸展过程的记录,是近年塔里木新元古界研究的热点及重点地区。但阿克苏地区新元古代地层层序和沉积体系的研究较为薄弱,构造对沉积充填的控制作用仍不清楚,由此也制约着对塔里木克拉通初期裂谷发育演化的认识。本文综合地层学、沉积学等多种研究手段,分析阿克苏地区新元古代地层展布及垂向发育特征,将多处实测剖面与钻井-地震剖面结合,构建了阿克苏地区新元古代地层发育序列及空间对比格架。明确了由裂陷控制的沉积相类型及演化：南华纪巧恩布拉克组先后发育冲积扇/扇三角洲、水下-冰川亚相（冰碛岩）及深水陆棚相;尤尔美那克组,早期以陆上-冰川沉积为主,晚期以冲积扇沉积为主;震旦纪苏盖特布拉克组由冲积扇过渡到辫状河三角洲和潮坪相;奇格布拉克组以碳酸盐岩台地沉积为主。通过盆-山构造结合沉积序列分析,确定新元古代经历了三个构造-沉积演化阶段：（1）局限深裂谷发育阶段（南华纪）,充填冲积扇/扇三角洲及深水陆棚相沉积,其中发育两期不同环境的冰川沉积;（2）裂谷扩张期（震旦纪早期）,火山活动强烈,发育冲积扇-辫状河三角洲、潮坪相沉积;（3）坳陷发育期（震旦纪晚期）,广盆浅海环境,发育碳酸盐岩台地。     

晚玉木冰期台湾海峡的沉积环境

对台湾海峡西部海域及河口平原14个钻孔剖面经孢粉、14C年龄和古地磁测定确定为晚玉木冰期的沉积层(Q₃3)样品进行了硅藻、有孔虫分析.结果表明,该时期海域的沉积层均属海相沉积,而河口平原区的沉积层则由海相和陆相地层交互组成.据此,提出了台湾海峡在晚玉木冰期属于水深在30～50m的浅海沉积环境的观点;阐述了这一与全球性气候冷暖更替所引起的海平面升降不一致现象是由于晚玉木冰期台湾海峡的地壳运动正处于间歇性下降时期,从而保持了浅海环境.     

末次盛冰期以来长江河口段河道演变研究综述

末次盛冰期以来,由于海面发生大幅度的变化,长江河口段经历了深切古河谷形成—古河谷充填—三角洲发育的河床演变过程。海陆相互作用是河口段河道演变的主要影响因素。综合分析了对河口段河道研究的成果,着重对长江河口段古河谷的形成与充填、最大海侵以来的河床演变、古河谷的沉积层序与沉积相及研究的方法进行了综述。过去对古河谷宏观的趋势研究及单个钻孔的研究较多,宏观与微观结合的不够,专门研究古河谷河形的成果很少。今后应注重宏观与微观研究的结合;根据系列钻孔剖面,分析、恢复古河谷河型;根据河型、沉积物特征等,估算古长江流速、流量;加强高分辨率研究、定性与定量研究相结合,探讨环境变化与河道演变的关系和规律。     

针阔混交林次生演替过程中的群落组成及元素迁移特征

针阔混交林次生演替过程中的群落组成及元素迁移特征具有重要的生态学意义。本文以吉林省左家自然保护区处不同演替阶段的红松针阔混交林群落为研究对象,采用野外定点调查和室内分析方法,对杂类草、榛子灌丛、蒙古栎林、蒙古栎－黑桦林、杂木林的群落组成、凋落物和土壤A、B层营养元素迁移特征进行对比分析。结果表明:群落由杂类草演替为杂木林群落,生境发生了由干热向温湿方向的变化;元素迁移由有机质的表聚为主过渡为有机质、粘粒和营养元素明显下移,pH值由偏中性转为弱酸性。     

老挝万象平原含钾地层的岩相古地理

老挝万象平原的钾镁盐矿主要赋存在塔贡组下段膏盐岩亚段(E1 tg1-1)中。经对6条实测剖面、53个钻孔的岩石组合、沉积构造、岩石特征、地层厚度分析,塔贡组下段(E1 tg1)岩相古地理具如下特征:①含钾地层可划分为半深湖亚相、浅湖亚相、滨湖亚相、湖泊三角洲亚相。滨湖亚相可进一步划分出内带和外带;②钾镁盐矿产于半深湖亚相、浅湖亚相、湖泊三角洲亚相中,前者厚度较大;③万象成钾盆地为东深西浅的不对称盆地,盆地的古地理特征与现在的万象平原较为相似;④在沉积过程中,盆地基底由持续下降到逐步趋于稳定,卤水由逐步浓缩到迅速淡化,古气候由持续干燥炎热到湿热多雨,水体由弱还原向弱氧化环境变迁。     

中寨矿区龙潭组层序划分方法及沉积相特征分析

依据研究区钻孔岩心观察,结合测井及面上区域资料,并通过室内测试分析和野外调查等手段,重点研究区内ZZ808井,运用层序地层学、沉积学等多学科理论。划分了研究区龙潭组层序地层,系统研究了各层序地层特征。结果显示:龙潭组发育4个层序界面,将其划分为3个三级层序,SQ_1属于海相层序,SQ_2、SQ_3属于海陆过渡相层序,六个体系域。层序地层格架的建立分析显示龙潭早期发生脉动式海侵,以慢速海侵,快速海退为特征,沉积主体为障壁砂坝-■湖,沉积相呈北东—南西向展布,主要发育碳酸盐台地相、■湖-潮坪相和障壁沙坝相,含煤厚度自北东—南西逐渐减薄;龙潭晚期为区域性海退过程,发育三角洲相,三角洲成为沉积主体,煤层主要形成于海退—海侵转折期之后。     

Paleoseismic event recorded in the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in southeastern area of the Songliao Basin (NE China)

The Yaojiachezhan (YJCZ) section and NGN1, Zk3389 and SK1-S wells, which are located in the southeastern part of the Songliao Basin, NE China, were used to analyse paleoseismic events recorded in the Upper Cretaceous first member of the Nenjiang Formation. Two representative seismic sequences are recognised in these lacustrine deposits. The seismic sequence observed in the YJCZ section, from the base to top, includes step micro-faulting, seismic fissures, liquefaction sandstone veins, brecelated structures, liquefied fold-deformed laminations and sand pillow structures. Whereas in NGN1 core, from the base to top, includes micro-faulting, seismic fissures, sand pillow structures, liquefied fold-deformed laminations and liquefaction sandstone veins. These two seismic sequences together reflect the processes resulting from a strong seismic event from initiation to culmination, then decline and recession. The occurrence of brecciated structures reflects the earthquake magnitude in the YJCZ section area probably reached M7.5, while liquefied fold-deformed laminations in the NGN1 core area reflects an earthquake magnitude of M7.0. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitude and the maximum distance of liquefaction deformation structure sites from the epicentres show that the longest distance between the earthquake source area for the YJCZ section and NGN1 well are <100?km, whereas the distance for the Zk3389 and SK1-S wells is >100?km. The trigger source area for this paleoseismic event is most likely the Yilan-Yitong Fault, meaning that the Yilan-Yitong Fault was active during the deposition of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation.     

Sedimentary characteristics,formation mechanisms and geological significance of the Shiniulan Formation reefs (lower Silurian) in the Upper Yangtze Platform

The lower Silurian Shiniulan Formation of the Upper Yangtze Platform contains small-scale coral–stromatoporoid reefs, generally from less than 10?km long and from 10 to 30?m in thickness, especially in the middle–upper parts. The reef-building organisms were dominantly tabulate and rugose corals, with fewer stromatoporoids. Reef-inserted organisms include bryozoans, brachiopods, cephalopods, algae, crinoids and bivalves. The Shiniulan Formation is characterised by biohermal limestone, bioclastic limestone, sandstone and mudstone, and is divided into four members according to lithological characteristics. The reefs generally occur in the middle–upper layer, which corresponds to four growth stages: stabilisation, colonisation, diversification and domination. In the reefs, the argillaceous and sandy contents decrease, and the carbonates increase from the base to the top. The growth characteristics, evolution, scale and size of the reefs in the Shiniulan Formation were influenced by three factors: agitation of terrigenous debris, fluctuation of sea level and seawater temperature. The Upper Yangtze region was mainly a shallow marine environment with a warm or torrid tropical and subtropical climate and high salinity in the late Aeronian. However, the Shiniulan Formation has significant differences in growth, evolution and extension scale compared with corresponding reefs in Laurentia and the Siberia and Kazakhstan blocks. Analysis of the geological factors of the Shiniulan Formation and the Menier Formation of Anticosti Island, which has revealed that the two sections have similar reef types, lithology and biology, aims to explain the under-development of large-scale reefs in the Upper Yangtze Platform during the middle–upper Silurian.     

赞比亚东北部姆波洛科索盆地沉积地层特征

赞比亚东北部姆波洛科索盆地古元古代姆波洛科索群是研究早前寒武纪河流相、浅海相沉积序列和基底组分的重要地层单元。本文通过对该地区岩石地层组成、沉积时代与沉积环境方面进行研究及系统总结,并结合对该地区姆巴拉组实测剖面及其碎屑岩岩石学和地球化学分析数据,获得以下认识:姆波洛科索群可能形成于1860 Ma之后,其上覆卡萨马群可能形成于1434 Ma之后;姆波洛科索盆地沉积环境主要包括:辫状河、冲积扇、湖泊以及浅海等;姆波洛科索群底部姆巴拉组碎屑岩以班委乌卢地块基底花岗岩为主要物源,形成于被动大陆边缘构造背景之下;姆波洛科索盆地可能属于被动大陆边缘型盆地;化探分析数据显示盆地东部与北部地区分别具有金、铀找矿潜力。