中国大陆强震序列次大地震及第三大地震的时间分布特征

从地震现场早期地震趋势判断工作需要出发，本文对中国大陆地区１９６６年以来的４８个Ｍｓ≥６．０级地震序列的次大地震及第三大地震与主震（或最大地震）的时间间隔进行了统计分析。结果表明，强震序列的次大及第三大地震与主震（或最大地震）的时间间隔分布，总体上呈随机分布，其与主震（或最大地震）震级无关，而与序列类型有关。     

Suspended sediment in rapid subsurface stormflow on a large field plot

The occurrence of rapid movement of suspended sediment in subsurface stormflow on a large field plot in California is described. Concentrations of over 1000mgl^?1 were recorded in storms of only low to moderate intensity. The observed sediment was composed of uniformly fine-sized particles 4 to 8 μm in diameter. The mode of transport seems different from processes previously reported. Differences in sediment concentrations in different events, levels of ¹³⁷Cs on the sediment, and several other types of evidence indicate that the sediment was detached and entrained at the ground surface by raindrop impact and that the water and sediment flow occurred mainly through macropores in the soil. As conditions similar to those at the study site are not uncommon, it seems probable that the phenomenon may occur in many regions.     

Flow Adjustments Across Sea-Surface Temperature Changes

The adjustment of airflow across sea-surface temperature changes is examinedusing aircraft eddy-correlation data. Major features of the observed flow adjustmentare not included in the theory of internal boundary layers. However, the data samplesize and coverage are not sufficient to accurately quantify the additional influences.With flow from warm water over cooler water, substantial turbulence intermittentlydevelops above the newly formed surface inversion layer. The corresponding,spatially-averaged, downward momentum flux is stronger than that close to the surface.With stably stratified flow over modest increases of sea-surface temperature, areduction of stratification can trigger episodic shear generation of turbulence. Inthese cases, the primary role of increasing surface temperature in the downwinddirection is to induce shear generation of turbulence. With larger increases ofsurface temperature, upward heat flux generates turbulence, warms the air and generates a significant horizontal gradient of hydrostatic pressure. This contributionto the pressure field appears to strongly modify the flow. Major inadequacies inexisting data and future needs are noted.     

Maintenance of headland-associated linear sandbanks: modelling the secondary flows and sediment transport

Linear sandbanks are located globally in areas where there are strong currents and an abundance of sand. In the recent years, these sandbanks have become of strategic interest as a potential source of marine aggregates (sand and gravel) and mineral deposits. They form the seaward boundary of the nearshore zone and therefore are important for the stability of the coastal system. They also commonly reach the sea surface and thus pose a threat to navigation. Headland-associated linear sandbanks are a specific type of sandbanks which are located in the lee of coastal topographic features such as headlands and islands. Interaction between tidal currents and topographic features generate complex three-dimensional circulation patterns that significantly influence the distribution of sediments in the vicinity of the feature. Field and numerical model investigations of the three-dimensional flow structure have been undertaken on the Levillain Shoal, a headland-associated linear sandbank present in the lee of Cape Levillain (Shark Bay, Western Australia). The field data indicated the presence of secondary flows near the tip of the cape and around the bank which were re-produced in the numerical simulations. Numerical results have shown that residual eddies are not representative of the sediment transport and that secondary currents enhance the convergence of sediment towards the sandbank. Maintenance processes have been investigated. Sediment transport paths near the cape and the bank indicate that the sandbank is part of a sand circulation cell where the sand is circulating around the bank with exchanges between the sandbank and the headland.     

Time-mean structure of secondary flows in open channel with longitudinal bedforms

Secondary motions are commonly present in open channel flows. This study aims to investigate, both experimentally and analytically, time-mean characteristics of cellular secondary flows generated by longitudinal bedforms. Experiments were conducted in a tilting, rectangular flume with six different longitudinal bedforms, including alternate bed strips with different roughness heights and bed ridges of wavy and rectangular shapes. Various flows were sampled using a two-dimensional laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and a one-dimensional ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (UDV). Experimental results demonstrate secondary flows appearing basically in cellular fashion over the modeled longitudinal bedforms. It is also shown that the cellular structures can be described analytically with kinematic considerations. The discrepancies between theoretical and measurement results are discussed. An empirical relationship between maximum vertical velocity and bed configuration is finally proposed based on the experimental data.     

日本兵库县南部地震调查与中国唐山大地震的比较

叙述了１９９５年１月日本兵库县南部地震的强地面运动特征，并与１９７６年中国唐山地震的地面运动特征进行了对比，讨论了日本地震后次生灾害——火灾的残酷性，并分析了该次地震的前兆现象     

我国科学试验卫星像片的2次开发及应用

本文着重阐述了应用计算机图像处理系统把科学试验卫星黑白像片信息源转换成数字数据源；介绍了对这些数据进行计算机处理、转换（如由黑白变成彩色的转换、多数据复合等）和获得的影像效果，介绍了这些经处理的影像在伊犁盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿床中的应用及取得的新进展，展示了我国科学试验卫星像片２次开发及应用的前景。     

利用共轭梯度算法的电阻率三维有限元正演

引入对称超松弛预条件共轭梯度(SSOR PCG)迭代算法求解电阻率三维有限元计算形成的大型线性方程组，并有机结合系数矩阵的稀疏存储模式，使得三维有限元正演计算的速度大大提高而内存需求则大大减少. 该算法可方便地应用于求三维异常电位，在保持快速计算的基础上，正演计算的精度显著提高.     

沉积有机质二次生烃有机岩石学特征

采用自然演化系列与预热残渣热模拟系列相结合的方式,对异常地热场条件下的沉积有机质二次生烃有机岩石学特征进行探讨,表明沉积有机质二次生烃有机组份及其组合不同于一次连续演化生烃,除具有正常的显微组份外,还具有体现二次演化特征的热变组份和热变次生组份。热变组份保持原来的组份结构,但光性出现各向异性,包括热变镜质组、热变壳质组和热变惰质组;热变次生组份具有不同于泥炭化时期所成的显微组份结构特征,往往具有较为强烈的光学各向异性。沉积有机质二次演化显微组份组合特征与起始成熟度密切相关,低熟和高熟沉积有机质显微组份光性和结构改变小,成熟沉积有机质改变显著。以起始成熟度为根据,以显微组份成因、光学性质和结构构造为依托,对沉积有机质二次生烃显微组份进行科学分类。探讨了热变次生显微组份的可能成因,指出中间相的产生和发展是热变次生显微组份形成与否的关键因素。     

Characterisation of sphalerite and pyrite flotation samples by XPS and ToF-SIMS

The surface analytical techniques of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) have provided information on the type and concentration of species on the surface of sphalerite and pyrite particles in flotation concentrate and tail samples, but also on their distribution on each particle and across particles of different sizes. From this surface analytical study, a more accurate interpretation of the flotation results of sphalerite and pyrite minerals in a mixed mineral system could be made as a function of the concentrations of copper sulphate activator and xanthate collector, and particle size. In particular, it was found that sphalerite particles reporting to the concentrate are larger in size and contain less iron hydroxide on their surface than particles reporting to the tail. As for the pyrite particles, their lower recovery than the sphalerite particles is the result of a larger proportion of iron hydroxide on their surface inhibiting copper and collector adsorption.