冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展

冲绳海槽作为浅水陆架与深海大洋之间联系的过渡地带,其海底的厚层沉积物记录了晚第四纪海平面波动、构造活动、气候变化,以及冲绳海槽古环境演化信息,因此,对于冲绳海槽沉积物的研究一直是边缘海研究中的热点问题之一,而识别沉积物物源成为解决这一系列问题的关键。众多学者已对冲绳海槽沉积物的来源进行了诸多探讨,并取得了丰硕的成果。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,系统地总结了冲绳海槽沉积物的来源及示踪方法,包括矿物学、地球化学以及环境磁学,评述了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来沉积物物源的识别工作提出了展望。     

南海西北部琼东南盆地陆架坡折带类型及沉积作用特征

陆架坡折带特殊的地形地貌反映了其独特的水动力和沉积特征。根据水深和高分辨率单道地震资料对琼东南盆地陆架坡折带特征进行分析,旨在探讨现代陆架坡折带的成因及其沉积作用。研究结果表明,琼东南现代陆架坡折带呈NE-SW向展布,水深变化大,形态复杂,自西向东陆架坡折差异较大。西部陆架坡折带水深范围为250~700 m,宽约7 km,高差450 m,坡度平均为2°,地形平缓,槽谷不发育;中部陆架坡折带水深范围为250~750 m,宽约10 km,高差500 m,地形平均坡度为7°,槽谷呈V型或U型,长约5~6 km,宽约3~8 km,下切深度100~300 m;东部陆架坡折带水深范围为400~1 500 m,宽约30 km,高差达1 100 m,平均坡度为10°,槽谷呈"V"型,长约13~28 km,宽约为3~4 km,下切深度最大达500 m。结合琼东南盆地构造区划和物源特征,对琼东南陆架坡折带沉积作用进行分析,划分坡折带类型。西部陆架坡折带以大量的沉积物不断加积为主,地形平缓,槽谷不发育,属堆积型陆架坡折;中部属过渡型陆架坡折带,沉积物供应量小,侵蚀和堆积作用同时存在,相互制约,槽谷规模小,滑塌作用较弱;东部为侵蚀型陆架坡折,以底流冲刷侵蚀为主,槽谷及滑塌发育。总体反映了不同区段位置沉积物供给,沉积物堆积,底流侵蚀等作用的差异,是形成现今陆架坡折地貌格局的重要因素。     

南黄海盆地海相储层成岩作用与储层发育特征

南黄海盆地与下扬子陆域具有较为一致的沉积构造演化史,全区具有良好的油气成藏条件,油气资源潜力大,特别是中—古生界海相地层有可能是下一步油气勘探的突破新区。以南黄海盆地为主体的下扬子地区海相储层类型包括砂岩储层、碳酸盐岩储层和泥页岩储层三大类。基于岩性特征、成岩作用、储集空间和物性条件等分析,认为砂岩储层有利的储集体主要为裂缝—次生孔隙型,碳酸盐岩储层中未被胶结物充填或者部分充填的孔、缝、洞可作为有利储集体,泥页岩储层中的有利储集空间为高有机质丰度层段中的无机孔隙、有机孔隙和裂缝较发育带。     

渤海海域黄河口凹陷渤中29-6构造火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

为了厘定渤海海域黄河口凹陷北部渤中29-6构造钻遇的90.5 m火山岩系地层层位,对该套火山岩进行了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年分析。薄片结果表明,该套火山岩可分为3段,自上而下分别是顶部玄武岩(2 880.5~2 910.5 m)、中部煌斑岩(2 910.5~2 959.5 m)和底部凝灰岩(2 959.5~2 971 m)。锆石U-Pb年龄结果显示,中部煌斑岩和底部凝灰岩均形成于早白垩世时期,地层年龄晚于124 Ma,而顶部玄武岩形成于新生代岩浆活动,地层年龄晚于45.2 Ma,结合玄武岩上部和玄武岩中泥岩的古生物分析结果,认为该套玄武岩指示了沙河街组三段沉积期的岩浆喷出事件。本研究落实了渤中29-6构造底部连续钻遇的火山岩系地层实为中生界、新生界2套不同时期的火山岩系,对进一步理解、认识黄河口凹陷的中生代、新生代火山活动及相应的火山岩油气勘探具有重要意义。     

南海北部天然气水合物勘查试采及研究进展与勘探前景

20世纪90年代中后期以来,南海北部天然气水合物勘查取得了丰硕的勘探成果和里程碑式的重大突破与进展。迄今为止,通过勘查评价已在南海北部圈定了两大天然气水合物成藏带及三大富集区,先后勘探发现了3个超千亿立方米储量规模的天然气水合物矿藏。同时,通过2017年和2020年2次探索性试采均获得了产气总量及日均产气量超世界新记录,而且攻克了深水海底浅表层未成岩软地层水平井钻采核心技术,实现了由“探索性试采向试验性试采”的重大跨越和突破。然而,南海天然气水合物资源勘查试采这一庞大复杂的系统工程,尚面临着诸多问题和挑战,如天然气水合物成因成藏类型与气源供给及产出赋存特点、天然气水合物成藏机理及主控因素、勘查试采技术方法优化创新与商业化产能目标的实现,以及天然气水合物可持续滚动勘探开发的战略选区及其资源/储量接替等,因此,南海天然气水合物资源勘查试采工程项目工作仍然非常艰巨且任重道远。     

中国南部海域主要断裂类型、分布及地质特征

中国南部海区及邻域1∶1 000 000地质地球物理系列图已编制完成并即将出版,区域构造图是其中的主要图件之一,据此成果,讨论了中国南部海域主要断裂类型、分布及地质特征。主要断裂类型有俯冲带、碰撞缝合带、转换断层、扩张脊型断裂、大型走滑断裂及深大断裂等。根据断裂规模及控制的地质构造单元性质划分出了一级断裂和二级断裂。一级断裂主要是指俯冲带、碰撞缝合带或者控制构造域、地块之间界线的深大断裂;二级断裂主要是控制隆褶带、海盆区以及大型沉积盆地的深大断裂。这些断裂大多具有形成时期早、规模大、断层延伸远、断距大甚至多次活动的特征。     

Modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering Sea shelf: role of climate influences and trophic interactions in generating Emiliania huxleyi blooms 1997–2000

Several years of continuous physical and biological anomalies have been affecting the Bering Sea shelf ecosystem starting from 1997. Such anomalies reached their peak in a striking visual phenomenon: the first appearance in the area of bright waters caused by massive blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi). This study is intended to provide an insight into the mechanisms of phytoplankton succession in the south-eastern part of the shelf during such years and addresses the causes of E. huxleyi success by means of a 2-layer ecosystem model, field data and satellite-derived information. A number of potential hypotheses are delineated based on observations conducted in the area and on previous knowledge of E. huxleyi general ecology. Some of these hypotheses are then considered as causative factors and explored with the model. The unusual climatic conditions of 1997 resulted most notably in a particularly shallow mixed layer depth and high sea surface temperature (about 4 °C above climatological mean). Despite the fact that the model could not reproduce for E. huxleyi a clear non-bloom to bloom transition (pre- vs. post-1997), several tests suggest that this species was favoured by the shallow mixed layer depth in conjunction with a lack of photoinhibition. A top-down control by microzooplankton selectively grazing phytoplankton other than E. huxleyi appears to be responsible for the long persistence of the blooms. Interestingly, observations reveal that the high N:P ratio hypothesis, regarded as crucial in the formation of blooms of this species in previous studies, does not hold on the Bering Sea shelf.     

对南海北部陆坡至东海南部“残留特提斯”的几点认识

特提斯构造域是指发育于欧亚大陆南缘的一条全球性纬向展布的构造域,在该构造域内发育有许多蕴含丰富油气资源的沉积盆地,是世界上最主要的含油气区。通过对比分析世界上典型的"特提斯域"所拥有的特有沉积及构造环境及其对油气生成、聚集成藏与保存带来的深刻影响,如赤道封闭型浅海碳酸岩盐礁为主夹页岩的沉积主体及有机质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型及蒸发岩盖层等特征,并通过对实际勘探资料的对比分析,认为南海北部、东海南部中生代缺乏典型"特提斯域"沉积及典型特提斯型大型油气藏成藏条件。     

A new species of Nassarius (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean

This paper describes a new species of Nassarius from the South China Sea,which was recognized when re-sorting the collection of Nassariidae in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,China.The shells were collected during several investigations,including the National Comprehensive Oceanic Survey in 1958-1959,and the China-Vietnam Co-Investigation on Marine Resource of the Beibu Gulf during 1959-1962.The morphology of the shell and the radula places the new species of Nassarius within the subgenus Zeuxis.It is named Nassarius(Zeuxis) nanhaiensis sp.nov.     

The role of marine spatial planning in sea use management: The Belgian case

The expansion of offshore activities and the increasing need to meet international and national commitments to biodiversity conservation have led to an enhanced interest in marine spatial planning (MSP) as a tool for sea use management. Several European countries, on their own initiative or driven by European legislation and policy, have taken global leadership in implementing MSP. This article will discuss the Belgian experiences with MSP. It will give a short historical overview based on legal developments and review the implementation process of a ‘Master Plan’ as a spatial management policy for the Belgian Part of the North Sea. Additionally, this article will reflect on the research that has been done in Belgium to apply a land-use planning approach to the marine environment. The MSP process in Belgium shows that a spatial approach to sea use management is possible despite the lack of a legal zoning framework. However, it concludes that a legal basis for MSP, in addition to the current permit system, would provide a more strategic and integrated framework for ecosystem-based, sea use management.